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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2008-12-1-98-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-1021</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РЕНЕ ЛАЭННЕК (1781–1826): ИЗОБРЕТАТЕЛЬ СТЕТОСКОПА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RENE LAENNEC (1781–1826): THE DISCOVERER OF STETHOSCOPE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паскалев</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paskalev</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра судебной медицины медицинского университета им. проф. П.Стоянова;</p><p>отделение клинической эпидемиологии многопрофильной больницы активных методов лечения «Св. Анна-Варна»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирчева</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kircheva</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра судебной медицины медицинского университета им. проф. П.Стоянова;</p><p>отделение клинической эпидемиологии многопрофильной больницы активных методов лечения «Св. Анна-Варна»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Радоинова</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radoinova</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра судебной медицины медицинского университета им. проф. П.Стоянова;</p><p>отделение клинической эпидемиологии многопрофильной больницы активных методов лечения «Св. Анна-Варна»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарова</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarova</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра судебной медицины медицинского университета им. проф. П.Стоянова;</p><p>отделение клинической эпидемиологии многопрофильной больницы активных методов лечения «Св. Анна-Варна»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Клиника нефрологии и диализа университетской больницы «Св. Марина»;&#13;
Медицинский университет им. проф. П.Стоянова;&#13;
Многопрофильная больница активных методов лечения «Св. Анна-Варна», Варна</institution><country>Bulgaria</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>98</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Паскалев Д., Кирчева А., Радоинова Д., Лазарова М., 2008</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Паскалев Д., Кирчева А., Радоинова Д., Лазарова М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Paskalev D., Kircheva A., Radoinova D., Lazarova M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1021">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1021</self-uri><abstract><p>.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Рене Лаэннек</kwd><kwd>стетоскоп</kwd><kwd>история</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Rene Laennec</kwd><kwd>stethoscope</kwd><kwd>history</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Намора Ф. 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