nefrНефрологияNephrology (Saint-Petersburg)1561-62742541-9439Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University10.24884/1561-6274-2008-12-2-75-93nefr-1065Research ArticleПРОГРАММА НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОСЛЕДИПЛОМНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПО НЕФРОЛОГИИPROGRAM ON CONTINUOUS POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION ON NEPHROLOGYРЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ НАУЧНО-ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА НЕФРОЛОГИИ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА им. акад. И.П. ПАВЛОВА: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ, ДИАГНОСТИКА И ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕК У ВЗРОСЛЫХRECOMMENDATIONS OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF NEPHROLOGY OF ST.PETERSBURG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER I.P.PAVLOV: DEFINITION, CLASSIFICATION, DIAGNOSTICS AND MAIN TRENDS OF PROPHYLACTICS OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN ADULTSСмирновА. В.SmirnovA. V.

Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии

ДобронравовВ. А.DobrobravovV. A.

Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии

КаюковИ. Г.KayukovI. G.

Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии

197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Тол­стого 17

тел.: 8(812)-346-39-26; факс: 8(812)-234-91-91

kaukov@nephrolog.ruКучерА. Г.KucherA. G.

Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии

ТугушеваФ. А.TugushevaF. A.

Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии

ТрофименкоИ. И.TrofimenkoI. I.

Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии

ПанинаИ. Ю.PaninaI. Yu.

Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии

Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. ПавловаRussian Federation2008100220081227593Copyright © Смирнов А.В., Добронравов В.А., Каюков И.Г., Кучер А.Г., Тугушева Ф.А., Трофименко И.И., Панина И.Ю., 20082008Смирнов А.В., Добронравов В.А., Каюков И.Г., Кучер А.Г., Тугушева Ф.А., Трофименко И.И., Панина И.Ю.Smirnov A.V., Dobrobravov V.A., Kayukov I.G., Kucher A.G., Tugusheva F.A., Trofimenko I.I., Panina I.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1065

.

.

хроническая болезнь почекопределениеклассификациядиагностикапрофилактикалечениеchronic kidney diseasedeterminationclassificationdiagnosticsprophylacticstreatmentReferencesСмирнов АВ, Есаян АМ, Каюков ИГ. Хроническая болезнь почек: на пути к единству представлений. Нефрология 2002; 6(4): 11-17Смирнов АВ, Есаян АМ, Каюков ИГ. Хроническая болезнь почек: на пути к единству представлений. Нефрология 2002; 6(4): 11-17Смирнов АВ, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ и др. Превентивный подход в современной нефрологии. Нефрология 2004; 8(3): 7-14Смирнов АВ, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ и др. Превентивный подход в современной нефрологии. Нефрология 2004; 8(3): 7-14National Kidney Foundation KD: Clinical practice guidelines for chronic Kidney disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis2002; 39 [Suppl 1]: S1-S266National Kidney Foundation KD: Clinical practice guidelines for chronic Kidney disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis2002; 39 [Suppl 1]: S1-S266European Best Practice Guidelines, Expert Group on Hemodialysis, European Renal Association. Section I. Measurement of renal function, when to refer and when to start dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant2002; 17 [suppl 7]: 7-15European Best Practice Guidelines, Expert Group on Hemodialysis, European Renal Association. Section I. Measurement of renal function, when to refer and when to start dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant2002; 17 [suppl 7]: 7-15Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int2005; 67(6): 2089-20100Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int2005; 67(6): 2089-20100Majunath G, Tighionart H, Ibrahim H et al. Level of kidney function as a risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 47-55Majunath G, Tighionart H, Ibrahim H et al. Level of kidney function as a risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in the community. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 47-55Henry RM, Kostense PJ, Bos G et al. Mild renal insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality: the Hoorn Study. Kidney Int2002; 62: 1402-1407Henry RM, Kostense PJ, Bos G et al. Mild renal insufficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality: the Hoorn Study. Kidney Int2002; 62: 1402-1407Nitsch D, Dietrich DF, von Eckardstein A et al. Prevalence of renal impairment and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a general population: results of the Swiss SAPALDIA study. Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21(4): 935-944Nitsch D, Dietrich DF, von Eckardstein A et al. Prevalence of renal impairment and its association with cardiovascular risk factors in a general population: results of the Swiss SAPALDIA study. Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21(4): 935-944Segura J, Campo C, Ruilope LM. Effect of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate on cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. Kidney Int2004; [Suppl 92]:S45-9. 2004Segura J, Campo C, Ruilope LM. Effect of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate on cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. Kidney Int2004; [Suppl 92]:S45-9. 2004Mann JFE. Cardiovascular risk in patients with mild renal insufficiency: implication for the use of ACE inhibitors. La Presse Medicale2005; 34(18): 1303-1308Mann JFE. Cardiovascular risk in patients with mild renal insufficiency: implication for the use of ACE inhibitors. La Presse Medicale2005; 34(18): 1303-1308Myllymaki J, Syrjanen J, Helin H et al.Vascular diseases and their risk factors in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21(7):1876-1882Myllymaki J, Syrjanen J, Helin H et al.Vascular diseases and their risk factors in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21(7):1876-1882Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ. Кардиоренальный континуум: патогенетические основы превентивной нефрологии. Нефрология 2005; 9(3): 7-15Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ. Кардиоренальный континуум: патогенетические основы превентивной нефрологии. Нефрология 2005; 9(3): 7-15Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ и др. Эпидемиология и социально-экономические аспекты хронической болезни почек. Нефрология2006; 10(1): 7-13Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ и др. Эпидемиология и социально-экономические аспекты хронической болезни почек. Нефрология2006; 10(1): 7-13Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(13):1296-305Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351(13):1296-305Glynn LG, Reddan D, Newell J et al. Chronic kidney disease and mortality and morbidity among patients with established cardiovascular disease: a West of Ireland community-based cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22(9): 2586-2594Glynn LG, Reddan D, Newell J et al. Chronic kidney disease and mortality and morbidity among patients with established cardiovascular disease: a West of Ireland community-based cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22(9): 2586-2594Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ. Хроническая болезнь почек: дальнейшее развитие концепции и классификации. Нефрология 2007; 11(4): 7-17Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ. Хроническая болезнь почек: дальнейшее развитие концепции и классификации. Нефрология 2007; 11(4): 7-17Stuveling EM, Bakker SJ, Hilige HX et al. Biochemical risk markers: a novel area for better prediction of renal risk? Nephrol Dial Transplant2005; 20: 497-508Stuveling EM, Bakker SJ, Hilige HX et al. Biochemical risk markers: a novel area for better prediction of renal risk? Nephrol Dial Transplant2005; 20: 497-508Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Бодур-Ооржак АШ и др. Эпидемиология и факторы риска хронических болезней почек: региональный уровень общей проблемы. Тер арх 2005; 77(6): 20-27Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Бодур-Ооржак АШ и др. Эпидемиология и факторы риска хронических болезней почек: региональный уровень общей проблемы. Тер арх 2005; 77(6): 20-27Halimi JM, Forhan A, Balkan B et al. Ig microalbuminuria an integrated risk marker for cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance in both men and women? J Cardiovasc Risk 2001; 8: 139-146Halimi JM, Forhan A, Balkan B et al. Ig microalbuminuria an integrated risk marker for cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance in both men and women? J Cardiovasc Risk 2001; 8: 139-146Orth SR. Smoking and the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 1663-1672Orth SR. Smoking and the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13: 1663-1672Borch-Johnsen K, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Strandgaard S et al. Urinary albumin excretion: an independent preditor of ischemic heart disease. Thromb Vasc Biol1999;19:1992-1997Borch-Johnsen K, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Strandgaard S et al. Urinary albumin excretion: an independent preditor of ischemic heart disease. Thromb Vasc Biol1999;19:1992-1997Schmieder RE, Schrader J, Zidek W et al. Low-grade albuminuria and cardiovascular risk: what is the evidence? Clin Res Cardiol2007; 96(5): 247-257Schmieder RE, Schrader J, Zidek W et al. Low-grade albuminuria and cardiovascular risk: what is the evidence? Clin Res Cardiol2007; 96(5): 247-257Klausen KP, Scharling H, Jensen G, Jensen JS. New definition of microalbuminuria in hypertensive subjects: association with incident coronary heart disease and death. Hypertension2005; 46(1): 33-37Klausen KP, Scharling H, Jensen G, Jensen JS. New definition of microalbuminuria in hypertensive subjects: association with incident coronary heart disease and death. Hypertension2005; 46(1): 33-37Brantsma AH, Bakker SJ, Hillege HL et al. Urinary albumin excretion and its relation with C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome in the prediction of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care2005; 28(10): 2525-2530Brantsma AH, Bakker SJ, Hillege HL et al. Urinary albumin excretion and its relation with C-reactive protein and the metabolic syndrome in the prediction of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care2005; 28(10): 2525-2530Forman JP, Brenner BM. «Hypertension» and «microalbuminuria»: The bell tolls for thee. Kidney Int2006; 69: 22-28Forman JP, Brenner BM. «Hypertension» and «microalbuminuria»: The bell tolls for thee. Kidney Int2006; 69: 22-28Saweirs WWM, Goddard J. What are the best treatment for early chronic disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; 22 [Suppl 9]: ix31-ix39Saweirs WWM, Goddard J. What are the best treatment for early chronic disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; 22 [Suppl 9]: ix31-ix39Hunsicker LG, Adler S, Caggiula A, England BK, Greene T, Kusek JW, Rogers NL, Teschan PE. Predictors of the progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Kidney Int1997; 51: 1908-1919Hunsicker LG, Adler S, Caggiula A, England BK, Greene T, Kusek JW, Rogers NL, Teschan PE. Predictors of the progression of renal disease in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Kidney Int1997; 51: 1908-1919Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti, P, Benigni A. Understanding the nature of renal disease progression. Kidney Int1997; 51: 2-15Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti, P, Benigni A. Understanding the nature of renal disease progression. Kidney Int1997; 51: 2-15Rossing P, Hommel E, Smidt U, Parving H. Reduction in albuminuria predicts a beneficial effect on diminishing the progression of human diabetic nephropathy during antihypertensive treatment. Diabetologia 1994; 37: 511-516Rossing P, Hommel E, Smidt U, Parving H. Reduction in albuminuria predicts a beneficial effect on diminishing the progression of human diabetic nephropathy during antihypertensive treatment. Diabetologia 1994; 37: 511-516Locatelli F, Del Vecchio L, D’Amico M, Andrulli S. Is it the agent or the blood pressure level that matters for renal protection in chronic nephropathies? J Am Soc Nephrol2002; 13[Suppl 3]: S196–S201Locatelli F, Del Vecchio L, D’Amico M, Andrulli S. Is it the agent or the blood pressure level that matters for renal protection in chronic nephropathies? J Am Soc Nephrol2002; 13[Suppl 3]: S196–S201Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Yi QL et al. HOPE Investigators: Progression of renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes with and without microalbuminuria: Results of the Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) randomized study. Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42: 936-942Mann JF, Gerstein HC, Yi QL et al. HOPE Investigators: Progression of renal insufficiency in type 2 diabetes with and without microalbuminuria: Results of the Heart Outcomes and Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) randomized study. Am J Kidney Dis2003; 42: 936-942Verhave JC, Hillege HL, Burgerhof JG, Gansevoort RT, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE; PREVEND Study Group. The association between atherosclerotic risk factors and renal function in the general population. Kidney Int2005; 67: 1967-1973Verhave JC, Hillege HL, Burgerhof JG, Gansevoort RT, de Zeeuw D, de Jong PE; PREVEND Study Group. The association between atherosclerotic risk factors and renal function in the general population. Kidney Int2005; 67: 1967-1973Lewis E, Hunsicker L, Clarke W et al. Collaborative Study Group: Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med2001; 345: 851-860Lewis E, Hunsicker L, Clarke W et al. Collaborative Study Group: Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med2001; 345: 851-860Brenner B, Cooper M, de Zeeuw D et al. RENAAL Study Investigators: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med2001; 345: 861-869Brenner B, Cooper M, de Zeeuw D et al. RENAAL Study Investigators: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med2001; 345: 861-869Stevens LA, Greene T, Levey AS. Surrogate end points for clinical trials of kidney disease progression. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 1(4): 874-884Stevens LA, Greene T, Levey AS. Surrogate end points for clinical trials of kidney disease progression. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol2006; 1(4): 874-884Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron1976;16(1): 31-41Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron1976;16(1): 31-41Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine; a new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med1999;130(8): 461-470Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine; a new prediction equation. Ann Intern Med1999;130(8): 461-470Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek JW, Beck GJ. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine. J Am Soc Nephrol2000; 11: A0828Levey AS, Greene T, Kusek JW, Beck GJ. A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine. J Am Soc Nephrol2000; 11: A0828Rodger RSC, Williams B. Consensus conference on early chronic kidney disease. Foreword. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22 [suppl 9]: ix:1Rodger RSC, Williams B. Consensus conference on early chronic kidney disease. Foreword. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22 [suppl 9]: ix:1Мухин НА, Балкаров ИМ, Моисеев ВС и др. Хронические прогрессирующие нефропатии и образ жизни современного человека. Тер арх2004; 76(9): 5-10Мухин НА, Балкаров ИМ, Моисеев ВС и др. Хронические прогрессирующие нефропатии и образ жизни современного человека. Тер арх2004; 76(9): 5-10Chi-Yuan Hsu, Lin F, Vittinghoff E, Shlipac MG. Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United State. J Am Soc Nephrol2003; 14: 2902-2907Chi-Yuan Hsu, Lin F, Vittinghoff E, Shlipac MG. Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United State. J Am Soc Nephrol2003; 14: 2902-2907McClellan WM, Flanders WD. Risk factors for progressive chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol2003; 14: S65-S70McClellan WM, Flanders WD. Risk factors for progressive chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol2003; 14: S65-S70Мухин НА, Моисеев ВС, Кобалава ЖД и др. Кардиоренальные взаимодействия: клиническое значение и роль в патогенезе заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы и почек. Тер арх2004; (6):39-46Мухин НА, Моисеев ВС, Кобалава ЖД и др. Кардиоренальные взаимодействия: клиническое значение и роль в патогенезе заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы и почек. Тер арх2004; (6):39-46Есаян АМ. Тканевая ренин-ангиотензиновая система почки. Новая стратегия нефропротекции. Нефрология 2002; 6(3): 8-16Есаян АМ. Тканевая ренин-ангиотензиновая система почки. Новая стратегия нефропротекции. Нефрология 2002; 6(3): 8-16Добронравов ВА. Эпидемиология диабетической нефропатии: общие и региональные проблемы. Нефрология 2002; 6(1):16-22Добронравов ВА. Эпидемиология диабетической нефропатии: общие и региональные проблемы. Нефрология 2002; 6(1):16-22The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(14):977-986The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(14):977-986Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998; 352 (9131): 837-853Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet 1998; 352 (9131): 837-853Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995; 28(2): 103-117Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1995; 28(2): 103-117Perera GA. Hypertensive vascular disease: description and natural history. J Chron Dis1955; 1: 33-42Perera GA. Hypertensive vascular disease: description and natural history. J Chron Dis1955; 1: 33-42Ruelope ZM, Salvetti A, Jamerson K et al. Renal function and intensive lowering of blood pressure in hypertensive participants of the hypertension optimal treatment (HOT) study. J Am Soc Nephrol2001; 12: 218-225Ruelope ZM, Salvetti A, Jamerson K et al. Renal function and intensive lowering of blood pressure in hypertensive participants of the hypertension optimal treatment (HOT) study. J Am Soc Nephrol2001; 12: 218-225Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients randomized to double-blind treatment with long- acting calcium- channel blocker or diuretic in International Nifidipine GITS study: Intervention as a goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet 2000; 356(9228): 366-372Brown MJ, Palmer CR, Castaigne A et al. Morbidity and mortality in patients randomized to double-blind treatment with long- acting calcium- channel blocker or diuretic in International Nifidipine GITS study: Intervention as a goal in Hypertension Treatment (INSIGHT). Lancet 2000; 356(9228): 366-372Haroun NK, Jaar BG, Hoffman SC et al. Risk factors for chronic Kidney disease: a prospective study of 23.534 men and women in Washington Country, Maryland. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 2934-2941Haroun NK, Jaar BG, Hoffman SC et al. Risk factors for chronic Kidney disease: a prospective study of 23.534 men and women in Washington Country, Maryland. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003; 14: 2934-2941United States Renal Date System. Annual date report, 2001United States Renal Date System. Annual date report, 2001United States Renal Data System. Annual date report, 2002United States Renal Data System. Annual date report, 2002Fried ZF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BZ. Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis. Kidney Int2001; 59: 260-269Fried ZF, Orchard TJ, Kasiske BZ. Effect of lipid reduction on the progression of renal disease: a meta-analysis. Kidney Int2001; 59: 260-269Schaeffner ES, Kurth T, Curhan GC et al. Cholesterol and the risk of renal dysfunction in apparently healthy men. J Am Soc Nephrol2003; 14: 2084-2091Schaeffner ES, Kurth T, Curhan GC et al. Cholesterol and the risk of renal dysfunction in apparently healthy men. J Am Soc Nephrol2003; 14: 2084-2091Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC et al. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Kidney Int2000; 58: 293-301Muntner P, Coresh J, Smith JC et al. Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Kidney Int2000; 58: 293-301Chen J, Munter P, Hamm LZ et al. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in US adults. Ann Intern Med2004; 140: 167-174Chen J, Munter P, Hamm LZ et al. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in US adults. Ann Intern Med2004; 140: 167-174Tanaka H, Shiohira Y, Uezu Y et al. Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Okinawa, Japan. Kidney Int2006; 69(2): 369-374Tanaka H, Shiohira Y, Uezu Y et al. Metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Okinawa, Japan. Kidney Int2006; 69(2): 369-374Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Iribarren C, Darbinian J, Go AS. Body mass index and risk for end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 2006 3;144(1): 21-28Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Iribarren C, Darbinian J, Go AS. Body mass index and risk for end-stage renal disease. Ann Intern Med 2006 3;144(1): 21-28Krikken JA, Lely AT, Bakker SJ, Navis G. The effect of a shift in sodium intake on renal hemodynamics is determined by body mass index in healthy young men. Kidney Int2007; 71(3): 260-265Krikken JA, Lely AT, Bakker SJ, Navis G. The effect of a shift in sodium intake on renal hemodynamics is determined by body mass index in healthy young men. Kidney Int2007; 71(3): 260-265Тугушева ФА, Зубина ИМ, Митрофанова ОВ. Оксидативный стресс и хроническая болезнь почек. Нефрология2007; 11 (3): 29-34Тугушева ФА, Зубина ИМ, Митрофанова ОВ. Оксидативный стресс и хроническая болезнь почек. Нефрология2007; 11 (3): 29-34Vaziri ND. Oxidative stress in uremia: nature, mechanisms, and potential consequences. Semin Nephrol2004; 24(5): 469-473Vaziri ND. Oxidative stress in uremia: nature, mechanisms, and potential consequences. Semin Nephrol2004; 24(5): 469-473Zalba G, Fortuсo A, Diez J. Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in early chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21: 2686-2690Zalba G, Fortuсo A, Diez J. Oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in early chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant2006; 21: 2686-2690Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med2000; 23 342(12): 836-843Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med2000; 23 342(12): 836-843Ridker PM, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation 2000;101(15):1767-1772Ridker PM, Rifai N, Stampfer MJ, Hennekens CH. Plasma concentration of interleukin-6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation 2000;101(15):1767-1772Pai JK, Pischon T, Ma J et al. Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. N Engl J Med2004; 351(25):2599-2610; 60; 61Pai JK, Pischon T, Ma J et al. Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. N Engl J Med2004; 351(25):2599-2610; 60; 61Owen WF, Lowrie EG. C-reactive protein as an outcome predictor for maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1998; 54(2):627-636Owen WF, Lowrie EG. C-reactive protein as an outcome predictor for maintenance hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 1998; 54(2):627-636Pereira BJ, Shapiro L, King AJ et al. Plasma levels of IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and their specific inhibitors in undialyzed chronic renal failure, CAPD and hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int1994; 45(3):890-896Pereira BJ, Shapiro L, King AJ et al. Plasma levels of IL-1 beta, TNF alpha and their specific inhibitors in undialyzed chronic renal failure, CAPD and hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int1994; 45(3):890-896Bassuk SS, Rifai N, Ridker PM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: clinical importance. Curr Probl Cardiol2004; 29: 439-493Bassuk SS, Rifai N, Ridker PM. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein: clinical importance. Curr Probl Cardiol2004; 29: 439-493Keller CR, Odden MC, Fried LF et al. Kidney function and markers of inflammation in elderly persons without chronic kidney disease: the health, aging, and body composition study. Kidney Int2007; 71(3): 239-244Keller CR, Odden MC, Fried LF et al. Kidney function and markers of inflammation in elderly persons without chronic kidney disease: the health, aging, and body composition study. Kidney Int2007; 71(3): 239-244Anavekar NS, Pfeffer MA. Cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int2004; 66 [Suppl 92]: S11-S15Anavekar NS, Pfeffer MA. Cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int2004; 66 [Suppl 92]: S11-S15Zoccali C. Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: utility and issues towards better understanding. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005;14 (6):532-537Zoccali C. Biomarkers in chronic kidney disease: utility and issues towards better understanding. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2005;14 (6):532-537Annuk M, Soveri I, Zilmer M et al. Endothelial function, CRP and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2005; 18(6):721-726Annuk M, Soveri I, Zilmer M et al. Endothelial function, CRP and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2005; 18(6):721-726Romao JE Jr, Haiashi AR, Elias RM et al. Positive acute-phase inflammatory markers in different stages of chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol2006; 26(1): 59-66Romao JE Jr, Haiashi AR, Elias RM et al. Positive acute-phase inflammatory markers in different stages of chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol2006; 26(1): 59-66Yoon JW, Pahl MV, Vaziri ND. Spontaneous leukocyte activation and oxygen-free radical generation in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 2007; 71(2):167-172Yoon JW, Pahl MV, Vaziri ND. Spontaneous leukocyte activation and oxygen-free radical generation in end-stage renal disease. Kidney Int 2007; 71(2):167-172Hцrl WH, Cohen JJ, Harrington JT et al. Atherosclerosis and uremic retention solutes. Kidney Int2004; 66(4):1719-1731Hцrl WH, Cohen JJ, Harrington JT et al. Atherosclerosis and uremic retention solutes. Kidney Int2004; 66(4):1719-1731Locatelli F, Pozzoni P, Del Vecchio L. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in Italy: Possible therapeutical approaches. J Nephrol2003; 16: 1-10Locatelli F, Pozzoni P, Del Vecchio L. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in Italy: Possible therapeutical approaches. J Nephrol2003; 16: 1-10Muntner P, He J, Astor BC et al. Traditional and nontraditional risk factors predict coronary heart disease in chronic kidney disease: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Am Soc Nephrol2005;16:529-538Muntner P, He J, Astor BC et al. Traditional and nontraditional risk factors predict coronary heart disease in chronic kidney disease: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Am Soc Nephrol2005;16:529-538Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Iaina A.The role of anemia in the progression of congestive heart failure. Is there a place for erythropoietin and intravenous iron? J Nephrol2004;17(6):749-761Silverberg DS, Wexler D, Iaina A.The role of anemia in the progression of congestive heart failure. Is there a place for erythropoietin and intravenous iron? J Nephrol2004;17(6):749-761Шутов АМ, Саенко ЮВ. Плеотропные кардиопротективные эффекты эритропоэтина. Нефрология2006; 10(4): 18-22Шутов АМ, Саенко ЮВ. Плеотропные кардиопротективные эффекты эритропоэтина. Нефрология2006; 10(4): 18-22Pinto-Siersma SJ, Mulder J, Janssen WM et al. Smoking is related to albuminuria and abnormal renal function in nondiabetic persons. Ann Intern Med2000; 133:585-591Pinto-Siersma SJ, Mulder J, Janssen WM et al. Smoking is related to albuminuria and abnormal renal function in nondiabetic persons. Ann Intern Med2000; 133:585-591Warmoth L, Regalado MM, Simoni J et al. Cigarette smoking enhances increased urine albumin excretion as a risk factor for glomerular filtration rate decline in primary hypertension. Am J Med Sci2005; 330(3): 111-119Warmoth L, Regalado MM, Simoni J et al. Cigarette smoking enhances increased urine albumin excretion as a risk factor for glomerular filtration rate decline in primary hypertension. Am J Med Sci2005; 330(3): 111-119Смирнов АВ, Седов ВМ, Лхаахуу Од-Эрдэнэ, Каюков ИГ и др. Снижение скорости клубочковой фильтрации как независимый фактор риска сердечно-сосудистой болезни. Нефрология 2006; 10(4): 7-17Смирнов АВ, Седов ВМ, Лхаахуу Од-Эрдэнэ, Каюков ИГ и др. Снижение скорости клубочковой фильтрации как независимый фактор риска сердечно-сосудистой болезни. Нефрология 2006; 10(4): 7-17Кучер АГ, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ, Ермаков ЮА. Влияние количества и качества белка в рационе на деятельность почек. Нефрология2004; 8(2): 14-34Кучер АГ, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ, Ермаков ЮА. Влияние количества и качества белка в рационе на деятельность почек. Нефрология2004; 8(2): 14-34Кучер АГ, Каюков ИГ, Григорьева НД, Васильев АН. Лечебное питание на различных стадиях хронической болезни почек. Нефрология и диализ2007Кучер АГ, Каюков ИГ, Григорьева НД, Васильев АН. Лечебное питание на различных стадиях хронической болезни почек. Нефрология и диализ2007Uribarri J, Tuttle KR. Advanced glycation end products and nephrotoxicity of high-protein diets. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006 1(6):1293-1299Uribarri J, Tuttle KR. Advanced glycation end products and nephrotoxicity of high-protein diets. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006 1(6):1293-1299Wesson DE, Nathan T, Rose T, Simoni J, Tran RM. Dietary protein induces endothelin-mediated kidney injury through enhanced intrinsic acid production. Kidney Int2007 71(3):210-217Wesson DE, Nathan T, Rose T, Simoni J, Tran RM. Dietary protein induces endothelin-mediated kidney injury through enhanced intrinsic acid production. Kidney Int2007 71(3):210-217Lentine K, Wrone EM. New insights into protein intake and progression of renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2004; 13(3): 333-336Lentine K, Wrone EM. New insights into protein intake and progression of renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2004; 13(3): 333-336Pecoits-Filho R. Dietary protein intake and kidney disease in Western diet. Contrib Nephrol2007;155:102-112Pecoits-Filho R. Dietary protein intake and kidney disease in Western diet. Contrib Nephrol2007;155:102-112Sacks FM, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L et al. Soy protein, isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: a summary of a statement for professionals from the american heart association nutrition committee. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26(8):1689-1692Sacks FM, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L et al. Soy protein, isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: a summary of a statement for professionals from the american heart association nutrition committee. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26(8):1689-1692Ritz E. Salt–friend or foe? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21(8): 2052-2056Ritz E. Salt–friend or foe? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21(8): 2052-2056Ritz E, Dikow R, Morath C, Schwenger V. Salt–a potential ‘uremic toxin’? Blood Purif2006; 24(1): 63-66Ritz E, Dikow R, Morath C, Schwenger V. Salt–a potential ‘uremic toxin’? Blood Purif2006; 24(1): 63-66Burnier M, Phan O, Wang Q. High salt intake: a cause of blood pressure-independent left ventricular hypertrophy? Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; 22(9): 2426-2429Burnier M, Phan O, Wang Q. High salt intake: a cause of blood pressure-independent left ventricular hypertrophy? Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; 22(9): 2426-2429Goodman WG, London G, Amann K et al. Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43(3): 572-579Goodman WG, London G, Amann K et al. Vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43(3): 572-579Shoji T, Shinohara K, Kimoto E et al. Lower risk for cardiovascular mortality in oral 1alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3 users in a haemodialysis population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19(1):179-184Shoji T, Shinohara K, Kimoto E et al. Lower risk for cardiovascular mortality in oral 1alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3 users in a haemodialysis population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004; 19(1):179-184Xiang W, Kong J, Chen S et al. Cardiac hypertrophy in vitamin D receptor knockout mice: role of the systemic and cardiac renin-angiotensin systems. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2005; 288(1):E125-132Xiang W, Kong J, Chen S et al. Cardiac hypertrophy in vitamin D receptor knockout mice: role of the systemic and cardiac renin-angiotensin systems. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab2005; 288(1):E125-132Nath KA, Hostetter MK, Hostetter TH. Pathophysiology of chronic tubulo-interstitial disease in rats. Interactions of dietary acid load, ammonia, and complement component C3. J Clin Invest1985; 76(2):667-675Nath KA, Hostetter MK, Hostetter TH. Pathophysiology of chronic tubulo-interstitial disease in rats. Interactions of dietary acid load, ammonia, and complement component C3. J Clin Invest1985; 76(2):667-675Tang S, Sheerin NS, Zhou W, Brown Z, Sacks SH. Apical proteins stimulate complement synthesis by cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells.J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10(1): 9-76Tang S, Sheerin NS, Zhou W, Brown Z, Sacks SH. Apical proteins stimulate complement synthesis by cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells.J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10(1): 9-76Disthabanchong S, Radinahamed P, Stitchantrakul W, Hongeng S, Rajatanavin R. Chronic metabolic acidosis alters osteoblast differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells. Kidney Int2007; 71(3): 201-209Disthabanchong S, Radinahamed P, Stitchantrakul W, Hongeng S, Rajatanavin R. Chronic metabolic acidosis alters osteoblast differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells. Kidney Int2007; 71(3): 201-209Каюков ИГ, Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА. Рентгеноконтрастная нефропатия. Нефрология 2007; 11(3): 93-101Каюков ИГ, Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА. Рентгеноконтрастная нефропатия. Нефрология 2007; 11(3): 93-101Волгина ГВ. Контраст-индуцированная нефропатия: патогенез, факторы риска, стратегия профилактики (часть I). Нефрология и диализ2006; 8(1): 69-77Волгина ГВ. Контраст-индуцированная нефропатия: патогенез, факторы риска, стратегия профилактики (часть I). Нефрология и диализ2006; 8(1): 69-77Волгина ГВ. Контраст-индуцированная нефропатия: патогенез, факторы риска, стратегия профилактики (часть II). Нефрология и диализ2006; 8(2): 176-183Волгина ГВ. Контраст-индуцированная нефропатия: патогенез, факторы риска, стратегия профилактики (часть II). Нефрология и диализ2006; 8(2): 176-183Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, Greene T, Hebert LA, Hunsicker LG, King AJ, Klahr S, Massry SG, Seifter JL. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med1995; 15; 123(10):754-762Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM, Greene T, Hebert LA, Hunsicker LG, King AJ, Klahr S, Massry SG, Seifter JL. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med1995; 15; 123(10):754-762Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43: S1-S290Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 43: S1-S290Joint Speciality Committee on Renal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians and the Renal Association atRCoGP. Chronic Kidney Disease in adults: UK guidelines for management and referral. Royal College of Physicians, London: 2006Joint Speciality Committee on Renal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians and the Renal Association atRCoGP. Chronic Kidney Disease in adults: UK guidelines for management and referral. Royal College of Physicians, London: 2006Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA2003; 289(19): 2560-2572Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR et al. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA2003; 289(19): 2560-2572Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, McInnes GT, Potter JF, Sever PS, McG Thom S; British Hypertension Society. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens2004;18(3): 139-185Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, Davis M, McInnes GT, Potter JF, Sever PS, McG Thom S; British Hypertension Society. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens2004;18(3): 139-185Summary of the 2007 European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag2007;3(6):783-795Summary of the 2007 European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Vasc Health Risk Manag2007;3(6):783-795Maki DD, Ma JZ, Louis TA, Kasiske BL. Long-term effects of antihypertensive agents on proteinuria and renal function. Arch Intern Med1995;155(10):1073-1080Maki DD, Ma JZ, Louis TA, Kasiske BL. Long-term effects of antihypertensive agents on proteinuria and renal function. Arch Intern Med1995;155(10):1073-1080Casas JP, Chua W, Loukogeorgakis S, Vallance P, Smeeth L, Hingorani AD, MacAllister RJ. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2005; 366 (9502): 2026-2233Casas JP, Chua W, Loukogeorgakis S, Vallance P, Smeeth L, Hingorani AD, MacAllister RJ. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2005; 366 (9502): 2026-2233Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, Landa M, Maschio G, de Jong PE, de Zeeuw D, Shahinfar S, Toto R, Levey AS; AIPRD Study Group. Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139(4): 244-252Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH, Landa M, Maschio G, de Jong PE, de Zeeuw D, Shahinfar S, Toto R, Levey AS; AIPRD Study Group. Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition: a patient-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139(4): 244-252He J, Whelton PK. Elevated systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular and renal disease: overview of evidence from observational epidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 1999; 138(3 Pt 2): 211-219He J, Whelton PK. Elevated systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular and renal disease: overview of evidence from observational epidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 1999; 138(3 Pt 2): 211-219Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123(10):754-762Peterson JC, Adler S, Burkart JM et al. Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123(10):754-762MacKinnon M, Shurraw S, Akbari A et al. Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48(1): 8-20MacKinnon M, Shurraw S, Akbari A et al. Combination therapy with an angiotensin receptor blocker and an ACE inhibitor in proteinuric renal disease: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety data. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 48(1): 8-20Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330(13):877-884Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ et al. The effects of dietary protein restriction and blood-pressure control on the progression of chronic renal disease. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. N Engl J Med 1994; 330(13):877-884Hansen HP, Tauber-Lassen E, Jensen BR, Parving HH. Effect of dietary protein restriction on prognosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int2002 Jul; 62(1):220-228Hansen HP, Tauber-Lassen E, Jensen BR, Parving HH. Effect of dietary protein restriction on prognosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int2002 Jul; 62(1):220-228Meloni C, Morosetti M, Suraci C, Pennafina MG, Tozzo C, Taccone-Gallucci M, Casciani CU. Severe dietary protein restriction in overt diabetic nephropathy: benefits or risks? J Ren Nutr2002;12(2): 96-101Meloni C, Morosetti M, Suraci C, Pennafina MG, Tozzo C, Taccone-Gallucci M, Casciani CU. Severe dietary protein restriction in overt diabetic nephropathy: benefits or risks? J Ren Nutr2002;12(2): 96-101Pijls LT, de Vries H, van Eijk JT, Donker AJ. Protein restriction, glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial. Eur J Clin Nutr2002; 56(12):1200-1207Pijls LT, de Vries H, van Eijk JT, Donker AJ. Protein restriction, glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized trial. Eur J Clin Nutr2002; 56(12):1200-1207Meloni C, Tatangelo P, Cipriani S et al. Adequate protein dietary restriction in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure. J Ren Nutr2004; 14(4):208-213Meloni C, Tatangelo P, Cipriani S et al. Adequate protein dietary restriction in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with chronic renal failure. J Ren Nutr2004; 14(4):208-213Mitch WE. Dietary therapy in CKD patients – the current status. Am J Nephrol 2005; 25[suppl.1]: 7-8Mitch WE. Dietary therapy in CKD patients – the current status. Am J Nephrol 2005; 25[suppl.1]: 7-8Prakash S, Pande DP, Sharma S et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of ketodiet in predialytic chronic renal failure. Ren Nut2004; 14(2): 89-96Prakash S, Pande DP, Sharma S et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy of ketodiet in predialytic chronic renal failure. Ren Nut2004; 14(2): 89-96Teschan PE, Beck GJ, Dwyer JT et al. Effect of a ketoacid-aminoacid-supplemented very low protein diet on the progression of advanced renal disease: a reanalysis of the MDRD feasibility study. Clin Nephrol1998; 50(5):273-283Teschan PE, Beck GJ, Dwyer JT et al. Effect of a ketoacid-aminoacid-supplemented very low protein diet on the progression of advanced renal disease: a reanalysis of the MDRD feasibility study. Clin Nephrol1998; 50(5):273-283Macdougall IC, Temple RM, Kwan JT. Is early treatment of anaemia with epoetin-alpha beneficial to pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients? Results of a multicentre, open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative group trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; 22(3):784-93Macdougall IC, Temple RM, Kwan JT. Is early treatment of anaemia with epoetin-alpha beneficial to pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients? Results of a multicentre, open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative group trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant2007; 22(3):784-93Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, Burger HU, Scherhag A; CREATE Investigators. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med2006; 355(20): 2071-2084Drueke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N, Eckardt KU, Macdougall IC, Tsakiris D, Burger HU, Scherhag A; CREATE Investigators. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med2006; 355(20): 2071-2084Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, Barnhart H, Sapp S, Wolfson M, Reddan D; CHOIR Investigators. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 355(20): 2085-2098Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL, Barnhart H, Sapp S, Wolfson M, Reddan D; CHOIR Investigators. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 355(20): 2085-2098Национальные Рекомендации по лечению анемии. М., 2007Национальные Рекомендации по лечению анемии. М., 2007Смирнов АВ. Дислипопротеидемии и проблемы нефропротекции. Нефрология2002; 6(2): 8-14Смирнов АВ. Дислипопротеидемии и проблемы нефропротекции. Нефрология2002; 6(2): 8-14Joint Speciality Committee on Renal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians and the Renal Association atRCoGP. Chronic Kidney Disease in adults: UK guidelines for identification, management and referral. Royal College of Physicians, London: 2006Joint Speciality Committee on Renal Medicine of the Royal College of Physicians and the Renal Association atRCoGP. Chronic Kidney Disease in adults: UK guidelines for identification, management and referral. Royal College of Physicians, London: 2006

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.