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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2008-12-2-94-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-1066</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГЕОРГ  ГАНТЕР  -  ОСНОВОПОЛОЖНИК  ПЕРИТОНЕАЛЬНОГО ДИАЛИЗА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GEORG  GANTER A FATHER OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паскалев</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paskalev</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клиника нефрологии и диализа университетской больницы «Св. Марина» </p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лазарова</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lazarova</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клиника нефрологии и диализа университетской больницы «Св. Марина» </p><p>tel: +359 52 306177; mobile: +359 889 643155 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>tel:  +359  52  306177;  mobile:  +359  889  643155</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">millena07@abv.bg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Медицинский университет им. проф.  П. Стоянова, Варна</institution><country>Bulgaria</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Паскалев Д., Лазарова М., 2008</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Паскалев Д., Лазарова М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Paskalev D., Lazarova M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1066">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1066</self-uri><abstract><p>В 1861 году Томас Грэхэм впервые ввел термин «диализ», описывающий процесс разделения веществ в растворе посредством полупроницаемой мембраны. Между 1912-1914 годами Дж.Абель, Л.Роунтри и Б.Тернер в Балтиморе (США) создали первую модель аппарата «искусственная почка», состоящую из нескольких, сделанных вручную из коллодия, трубок, служивших полупроницаемой мембраной. В этой экспериментальной модели кровь животного циркулировала по экстракорпоральной системе под действием изгоняющей силы сердца. В Германии как Г.Нехелес (Гамбург), так и Г.Хаас (Гиссен) построили аппараты для гемодиализа с целью удаления из крови уремических токсинов. Аппарат Нехелеса состоял из трубчатой системы, сделанной из брюшины овцы. Хаас сконструировал свой диализатор из коллодийных трубок. Все вышеперечисленные авторы использовали гирудин в качестве антикоагулянта. Георг Гантер (Вюрцбург) представил альтернативную модель, в которой предложил использовать брюшину как обширную по площади эндогенную мембрану. Между 1922–23 гг. он создал серию экспериментов на животных моделях с лигированными мочеточниками, в которых показал, что однократные или повторяющиеся инстилляции физиологического раствора NaCl в брюшную полость снижют как симптомы уремии, так и уровень продуктов азотистого обмена в крови. Новый метод был использован у двух пациентов, в обоих случаях в варианте единичной инстилляции диализного раствора: у женщины с острой уремией вследствие билатеральной окклюзии мочеточников раком матки и у пациента в диабетической коме. В 1923 году Г.Гантер опубликовал свой классический труд «Ueber die Beseitigung giftiger Stoffe aus dem Blute durch Dialyse» («Об удалении токсинов из крови методом диализа»).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In 1861, Thomas Graham introduced the term «dialysis» to describe the separation of substances across semi-permeable membranes. Between 1912-14, J. Abel, L. Rowntree and B. Turner in Baltimore (USA) created the first «artificial kidney» consisting of several handmade tubes of collodion which served as semi-permeable membrane. The blood of the experimental animal circulated through the extracorporal system using the force of the heart. In Germany, both H.Necheles (Hamburg) and G.Haas (Giessen) built haemodialysis devices with the purpose to remove the uremic toxins from the blood. The apparatus of Necheles consisted of a tube system made of sheep peritoneum. Haas constructed his dialyzer from collodion tubes. All of above mentioned authors used hirudin as an anticoagulant. Georg Ganter (Wurzburg) proposed an alternative mode suggesting the use of peritoneum as an especially large endogeneous membrane. Between 1922-23, he performed serial experiments on ureter-ligated guinea-pigs and rabbits. Ganter was able to demonstrate that the single or repeated instillation of physiological NaCl solution in the abdominal cavity improved both the uremic symptoms and the blood urea nitrogen level. In two patients the new method was implemented only in the form of a single fluid instillation: in a female patient with acute uremia as a consequence of bilateral ureter occlusion due to uterus carcinoma, and in a patient with a diabetic coma. In 1923, G.Ganter published his classical paper «Ueber die Beseitigung giftiger Stoffe aus dem Blute durch Dialyse» («About the removal of toxins from the blood through dialysis»).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перитонеальный диализ</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>Георг Гантер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peritoneal dialysis</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>Georg Ganter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ganter G. Ueber die Beseitigung giftiger Stoffe aus dem Blute durch Dialyse. Munch Med Wochenschr 1923; 50:1478-1480</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ganter G. Ueber die Beseitigung giftiger Stoffe aus dem Blute durch Dialyse. Munch Med Wochenschr 1923; 50:1478-1480</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cameron JS. 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