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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-107</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПРОГНОЗ ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТИ ПОЧЕЧНОГО ТРАНСПЛАНТАТА: ИММУНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ РИСК И ТИП ОТТОРЖЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PROGNOSIS OF KIDNEY ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL: IMMUNOLOGICAL RISK AND REJECTION TYPE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храброва</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khrabrova</surname><given-names>M. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Добронравов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobronravov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vd1704@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Набоков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nabokow</surname><given-names>A. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грене</surname><given-names>Х. -Й.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gröne</surname><given-names>H. -J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халленслебен</surname><given-names>М. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hallensleben</surname><given-names>M. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клим</surname><given-names>Ф. .</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kliem</surname><given-names>V. .</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ганн. Мюнден, Германия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nephrology center of Lower Saxony</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Германский центр изучения рака</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>German center of cancer research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт трансфузионной медицины, Медицинская школа Ганновера</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of transfusion medicine Hannover Medical school</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нефрологический центр Нижней Саксонии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nephrology center of Lower Saxony</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Храброва М.С., Добронравов В.А., Набоков А.В., Грене Х.-., Халленслебен М..., Смирнов А.В., Клим Ф..., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Храброва М.С., Добронравов В.А., Набоков А.В., Грене Х.-., Халленслебен М..., Смирнов А.В., Клим Ф...</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khrabrova M..., Dobronravov V.A., Nabokow A..., Gröne H.-., Hallensleben M..., Smirnov A.V., Kliem V...</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/107">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/107</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: оценка связи факторов предтрансплантационного иммунологического риска (ИР) и типа отторжения с отдаленным прогнозом аллографта почки (АП). ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: из пациентов, перенесших аллотрансплантацию почки (АТП) в двух трансплантационных центрах c 2000 по 2013 гг. методом «случай-контроль» в соотношении 1:2 с учетом возраста, пола, количества несовпадений по HLA (HLAMM) и года АТП, были отобраны 93 случая с положительными предсуществующими антителами (PRA) и 195 - с негативными. Оценивали также другие факторы ИР (число предшествующих АТП и HLAMM), клинические данные, развитие отторжений АП и исходы. Анализ выживаемости АП проводили методом Каплана-Мейера. Множественный регрессионный анализ Кокса был использован для оценки связи исследуемых показателей, включая ИР, с риском потери АП. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: на основе связи изучаемых предтрансплантационных иммунологических факторов с выживаемостью АП при одновариантном анализе все пациенты были стратифицированы на две группы: с низким ИР (0-1 фактор риска) (НР; n=191) и повышенным ИР (2-3 фактора риска) (ПР; n=97). Выживаемость АП в группе ПР была существенно ниже, чем в группе НР (p log-rank&lt;0,001), а частота развития антительно-опосредованного отторжения (AMR) достоверно выше (p&lt;0,001). В модели Кокса, скорректированной по другим потенциальным предикторам прогноза, относительный риск потери АП у больных с ПР увеличивался в 2 раза (p=0,015). При включении в модель типа отторжения оценка ИР теряла свое прогностическое значение, а независимыми предикторами выживаемости АП в этом случае были наличие AMR или Т-клеточного отторжения [Exp(B)=10,72; p&lt;0,001 и Exp(B)=4,29; p=0,003 соответственно], а также возраст донора [Exp(B)=1,03; p=0,002]. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: в работе предложен простой подход к стратификации предтрансплантационного ИР и показана отчетливая связь повышенного ИР с выживаемостью АП. Установлено, что влияние ИР на посттрансплантационный прогноз не является независимым и опосредовано развитием AMR. В практическом плане полученные результаты указывают на необходимость оценки предтрансплантационных факторов риска, что, однако, не освобождает от контроля реальной иммунологической ситуации в посттрансплантационном периоде на основе мониторинга донор-специфических антител и выполнения своевременных морфологических исследований АП.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE AIM: to evaluate the association of pretransplant immunological risk (IR) factors and rejection type with the long-term prognosis of renal allografts (RA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among all patients being transplanted in two kidney transplant centers between 2000 and 2013, ninety-three renal allograft recipients with pretransplant panel-reactive antibody (PRA) &gt;0% and 195 patients without PRA were enrolled into the case-control study in a ratio of 1:2 with matching for age, gender, HLA mismatch (HLAMM), and year of transplantation. In both groups, pretransplant IR factors (number of previous transplants and), clinical data, episodes of kidney allograft rejection, and outcomes were recorded. Kaplan-Meier method was used for kidney allograft survival analysis. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the relation of investigated parameters, including IR, to the risk of kidney allograft loss. RESULTS: According to the number of pretransplant immunological factors (previous kidney transplants, PRA level, HLAMM) and its relations to kidney allograft survival in univariate regression all patients were divided into two groups: low IR (0-1 risk factor) (n=191) and high IR (2-3 risk factors) (n=97). Kidney allograft survival in high IR (HR) group was significantly worse than in low IR (LR) group (p log-rank&lt;0,001). Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) occurred more frequently in HR group than in LR group (p&lt;0,001). In the Cox regression model adjusted for other potential confounders the HR group was associated with twofold increase of relative risk of the allograft loss (p=0,015). AMR (Exp(B)=10,72 (95% CI 4,46-25,74; p&lt;0,001), T-cell mediated rejection (Exp(B)=4,29 (95% CI 1,64-11,22; p=0,003), and donor age (Exp(B)=1,03 (95% CI 1,01-1,05; p=0,002) were independent predictors of allograft survival after adjustment the multivariate model for the rejection type while IR grouping lost its independent prognostic significance. CONCLUSION: Based on the analysis of allograft survival, a simplified approach to the stratification of pretransplant immunological risk is suggested. HR was associated with the allograft failure; however, it was not independently predictive of graft prognosis and seemed to be triggered by AMR occurrence. Therefore, the allograft prognosis assessment in clinical practice should consider pretransplant immunological risks, but high attention has to be paid to post-transplant morphological evaluation of the allograft and monitoring of donor-specific antibodies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллотрансплантация почки</kwd><kwd>иммунологический риск</kwd><kwd>гуморальное отторжение</kwd><kwd>донор-специфические антитела</kwd><kwd>выживаемость аллографта почки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>kidney transplantation</kwd><kwd>immunological risk</kwd><kwd>antibody-mediated rejection</kwd><kwd>donor specific antibody</kwd><kwd>kidney allograft survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pesavento TE. Kidney Transplantation in the Context of Renal Replacement Therapy. 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