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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2008-12-3-13-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-1114</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЗНАЧЕНИЕ  «ПОТЕНЦИАЛЬНО  УРЕМИЧЕСКИХ ТОКСИНОВ»  В  РАЗВИТИИ  НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ  ПИТАНИЯ  У  ГЕМОДИАЛИЗНЫХ  БОЛЬНЫХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE  MEANING  OF «POTENTIALLY UREMIC TOXINS»  IN THE  DEVELOPMENT OF PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION  IN  HEMODIALYSIS  PATIENTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яковенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakovenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кучер</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kucher</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней </p><p>197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого 17, СПбГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова, Нефрокорпус,</p><p>тел.: (812)-234-35-20, факс: (812)-234-91-91</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaukov@nephrolog.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асанина</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asanina</surname><given-names>U. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бовкун</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bovkun</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumiantsev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Привалова</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Privalova</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2008</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2008</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Яковенко А.А., Кучер А.Г., Асанина Ю.Ю., Бовкун И.В., Румянцев А.Ш., Привалова С.О., 2008</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2008</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Яковенко А.А., Кучер А.Г., Асанина Ю.Ю., Бовкун И.В., Румянцев А.Ш., Привалова С.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yakovenko A.A., Kucher A.G., Asanina U.U., Bovkun I.V., Rumiantsev A.S., Privalova S.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1114">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1114</self-uri><abstract><p>Кратко рассмотрены основные механизмы развития недостаточности питания у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП) в стадии терминальной почечной недостаточности, получающих лечение гемодиализом (ГД). Подробно описана роль лептина в этом процессе. Лептин является анорексигенным гормоном, который секретируется адипоцитами в кровь в изменяющихся количествах и контролирует массу жировой ткани путем стимуляции обмена липидов в организме. Лептин, влияя на дугообразное ядро гипоталамуса, приводит к ограничению объема потребляемых пищевых продуктов и поддержанию липидного обмена на нормальном уровне. Лептин рассматривается как гормон, противодействующий ожирению. В то же самое время у большинства больных с ожирением сообщалось об избыточной концентрации лептина в крови, и эта гиперлептинемия была интерпретирована как доказательство снижения чувствительности к физиологическому воздействию гормона. У гемодиализных больных имеет место более высокий уровень циркулирующего лептина, чем у здоровых лиц. Ввиду того, что лептин участвует в регуляции потребления пищи и расходования энергии, было сделано предположение, что гиперлептинемия у больных с терминальной почечной недостаточностью (ТПН), может являться одним из факторов, опосредующих анорексию и развитие недостаточности питания (или истощения). Теоретически эти взаимосвязи кажутся вполне логичными, однако результаты исследований в отношении связи гиперлептинемии и выраженности недостаточности питания при ТПН оказались противоречивыми. Наличие таких противоречий требует дальнейших научных изысканий в данном направлении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Basic mechanisms of the development of protein-energy malnutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the state of terminal renal insufficiency, with hemodialysis (HD) treatment are shortly evaluated. The role of leptin is described in detail. Leptin is anorexigenic hormone, which is secreted by blood adipocytes in various quantities and controls the mass of adipose tissue, by means of lipid exchange stimulation in the organism. Leptin, by influencing the arcaute nucleus of hypothalamus, leads to decreased food intake and maintenance of lipid exchange on a normal level. Leptin is perceived as hormone that’s prevents overweight. At the same time in most overweight patients was noticed an increased level of leptin in blood, and such hyperleptinemia was interpreted as a proof of decreased sensitivity to physiologic action of hormone. In hemodialysis patients was noticed a higher level of circulating leptin, as opposed to healthy group. Keeping in mind that leptin participates in the regulation of food intake and energy output, was made an assumption that hyperleptinemia in patients with end stage renal disease, can be one of the factors, leading to anorexia and development of malnutrition (or cohexy). Theoretically, this interactions seem quite logical, but the results of the investigations on the connections of hyperleptinemia and excess of malnutrition in end stage renal disease were contradicting. The presence of such contradictions necessitates a more further scientific investigations in such direction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недостаточность питания</kwd><kwd>лептин</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>protein-energy malnutrition</kwd><kwd>leptin</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chertow GM, Bullard A, Lazarus JM. Nutrition and the dialysis prescription. Am J Nephrol 1996; 16(1) 79-89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chertow GM, Bullard A, Lazarus JM. Nutrition and the dialysis prescription. 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