nefrНефрологияNephrology (Saint-Petersburg)1561-62742541-9439Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical Universitynefr-12Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESВлияние селективного активатора рецептора витамина D парикальцитола на сердечно-сосудистую систему и кардиоренальную протекциюThe influence of selective vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol on cardiovascular system and cardiorenal protectionДупланчичД. .DuplancicD. .noemail@neicon.ruЦезаричМ. .CesarikM. .noemail@neicon.ruПолякН. К.PoljakN. K.noemail@neicon.ruРадманМ. .RadmanM. .noemail@neicon.ruКовачичВ. .KovacicV. .vedkovac@inet.hrРадичЖ. .RadicJ. .noemail@neicon.ruРогозичВ. .RogosicV. .noemail@neicon.ruУниверситет Сплита, ХорватияRussian FederationОкружной госпиталь По-жега, ХорватияRussian Federation2014010320141822532Copyright © Дупланчич Д..., Цезарич М..., Поляк Н.К., Радман М..., Ковачич В..., Радич Ж..., Рогозич В..., 20142014Дупланчич Д..., Цезарич М..., Поляк Н.К., Радман М..., Ковачич В..., Радич Ж..., Рогозич В...Duplancic D..., Cesarik M..., Poljak N.K., Radman M..., Kovacic V..., Radic J..., Rogosic V...Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/12

Широкое распределение рецепторов витамина D в организме человека обусловливает плейотропные эффекты активации рецепторов витамина D. В свете новых исследований мы обсуждаем вероятные положительные эффекты селективного активатора рецепторов витамина D, парикальцитола, на сердечно-сосудистую систему у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью и у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек. Парикальцитол вероятно мог бы привнести дополнительные клинические преимущества по сравнению со стандартным лечением хронической почечной и сердечной недостаточности, особенно при наличии кардиоренального синдрома.

The ubiquitous distribution of vitamin D receptors in the human body is responsible for the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D-receptor activation. We discuss the possible beneficial effects of a selective activator of vitamin D receptor, paricalcitol, on the cardiovascular system in chronic heart failure patients and chronic kidney patients, in light of new trials. Paricalcitol should provide additional clinical benefits over the standard treatment for chronic kidney and heart failure, especially in cases of cardiorenal syndrome.

дефицит витамина Dсердечно-сосудистая системаальбуминуриявоспалениеvitamin D deficiencycardiovascular systemalbuminuriainflammationReferencesWebb RA. Who, what, where and when - influences on cutaneous vitamin D synthesis. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2006;92:17-25Webb RA. Who, what, where and when - influences on cutaneous vitamin D synthesis. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2006;92:17-25Dusso AS, Brown AJ, Slatopolsky E. Vitamin D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005;289:8-28Dusso AS, Brown AJ, Slatopolsky E. Vitamin D. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2005;289:8-28Grant WB, Holick MF. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: A review. Altern Med Rev 2005;10:94-111Grant WB, Holick MF. Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: A review. Altern Med Rev 2005;10:94-111Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, et al. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1586-1591Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, et al. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1586-1591Gouni-Berthold I, Krone W, Berthold HK. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009;7:414-422Gouni-Berthold I, Krone W, Berthold HK. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2009;7:414-422Parker J, Hashmi O, Dutton D, et al. Levels of vitamin D and cardiometabolic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 2010;65:225-236Parker J, Hashmi O, Dutton D, et al. Levels of vitamin D and cardiometabolic disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas 2010;65:225-236Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:713-719Scragg R, Sowers M, Bell C. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ethnicity, and blood pressure in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Hypertens 2007;20:713-719Freedman BI, Wagenknecht LE, Hairston KG, et al. Vitamin D, adiposity, and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in African-Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:1076-1083Freedman BI, Wagenknecht LE, Hairston KG, et al. Vitamin D, adiposity, and calcified atherosclerotic plaque in African-Americans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:1076-1083DeLuca HF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(Suppl 6):S1689-S1696DeLuca HF. Overview of general physiologic features and functions of vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80(Suppl 6):S1689-S1696Mitsuhashi T, Morris RC Jr, Ives HE. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1889-1895Mitsuhashi T, Morris RC Jr, Ives HE. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 1991;87:1889-1895Michos ED, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:7-12Michos ED, Melamed ML. Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2008;11:7-12Panichi V, De Pietro S, Andreini B, et al. Calcitriol modulates in vivo and in vitro cytokine production: a role for intracellular calcium. Kidney Int 1998;54:1463-1469Panichi V, De Pietro S, Andreini B, et al. Calcitriol modulates in vivo and in vitro cytokine production: a role for intracellular calcium. Kidney Int 1998;54:1463-1469Bellows CG, Reimers SM, Heersche JN. Expression of mRNAs for type-I collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin at different stages of osteoblastic differentiation and their regulation by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cell Tissue Res 1999;297:249-259Bellows CG, Reimers SM, Heersche JN. Expression of mRNAs for type-I collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin at different stages of osteoblastic differentiation and their regulation by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cell Tissue Res 1999;297:249-259Drissi H, Pouliot A, Koolloos C, et al. 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 suppresses the bone-related Runx2/Cbfa1 gene promoter. Exp Cell Res 2002;274:323-333Drissi H, Pouliot A, Koolloos C, et al. 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 suppresses the bone-related Runx2/Cbfa1 gene promoter. Exp Cell Res 2002;274:323-333Aihara K, Azuma H, Akaike M, et al. Disruption of nuclear vitamin D receptor gene causes enhanced thrombogenicity in mice. J Biol Chem 2004;279:35798-35802Aihara K, Azuma H, Akaike M, et al. Disruption of nuclear vitamin D receptor gene causes enhanced thrombogenicity in mice. J Biol Chem 2004;279:35798-35802Simpson RU, Hershey SH, Nibbelink KA. Characterization of heart size and blood pressure in the vitamin D receptor knockout mouse. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007;103:521-524Simpson RU, Hershey SH, Nibbelink KA. Characterization of heart size and blood pressure in the vitamin D receptor knockout mouse. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007;103:521-524Meems LM, van der Harst P, van Gilst WH, de Boer RA. Vitamin D biology in heart failure: molecular mechanisms and systematic review. Curr Drug Targets 2011;12:29-41Meems LM, van der Harst P, van Gilst WH, de Boer RA. Vitamin D biology in heart failure: molecular mechanisms and systematic review. Curr Drug Targets 2011;12:29-41Talmor Y, Golan E, Benchetrit S, et al. Calcitriol blunts the deleterious impact of advanced glycation end products on endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008;294:1059-1064Talmor Y, Golan E, Benchetrit S, et al. Calcitriol blunts the deleterious impact of advanced glycation end products on endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008;294:1059-1064Hsia J, Heiss G, Ren H, et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation 2007;115:846-854Hsia J, Heiss G, Ren H, et al. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation 2007;115:846-854Zittermann A, Frisch S, Berthold HK, et al. Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1321-1327Zittermann A, Frisch S, Berthold HK, et al. Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89:1321-1327Elamin MB, Abu Elnour NO, Elamin KB, et al. Vitamin D and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:1931-1942Elamin MB, Abu Elnour NO, Elamin KB, et al. Vitamin D and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011;96:1931-1942Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2007;167(16):1730-1737Autier P, Gandini S. Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2007;167(16):1730-1737Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, et al. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihy-droxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1340-1349Dobnig H, Pilz S, Scharnagl H, Renner W, et al. Independent association of low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and 1,25-dihy-droxyvitamin d levels with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1340-1349Inaguma D, Nagaya H, Hara K, et al. Relationship between serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and mortality in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2008;12:126-131Inaguma D, Nagaya H, Hara K, et al. Relationship between serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and mortality in patients with predialysis chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2008;12:126-131Baker LR, Abrams L, Roe CJ, et al. 1,25(OH)2D3 administration in moderate renal failure: a prospective double-blind trial. Kidney Int 1989; 35:661-669Baker LR, Abrams L, Roe CJ, et al. 1,25(OH)2D3 administration in moderate renal failure: a prospective double-blind trial. Kidney Int 1989; 35:661-669Moe SM, Drüeke TB, Block GA, et al. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl 2009;113:S1-S130Moe SM, Drüeke TB, Block GA, et al. KDIGO clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl 2009;113:S1-S130Moe S, Drüeke T, Cunningham J, et al. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2006; 69:1945-1953Moe S, Drüeke T, Cunningham J, et al. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2006; 69:1945-1953Watson KE, Abrolat ML, Malone LL, et al. Active serum vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with coronary calcification. Circulation 1997;96:1755-1760Watson KE, Abrolat ML, Malone LL, et al. Active serum vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with coronary calcification. Circulation 1997;96:1755-1760Teng M, Wolf M, Ofsthun MN, et al. Activated injectable vitamin D and hemodialysis survival: a historical cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:1115-1125Teng M, Wolf M, Ofsthun MN, et al. Activated injectable vitamin D and hemodialysis survival: a historical cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:1115-1125Bianchi ML, Colantonio G, Campanini F, et al. Calcitriol and calcium carbonate therapy in early chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994;9:1595-1599Bianchi ML, Colantonio G, Campanini F, et al. Calcitriol and calcium carbonate therapy in early chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1994;9:1595-1599Yildiz A, Memisoglu E, Oflaz H, et al. Atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are independent predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:760-767Yildiz A, Memisoglu E, Oflaz H, et al. Atherosclerosis and vascular calcification are independent predictors of left ventricular hypertrophy in chronic haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:760-767London GM. Cardiovascular calcifications in uremic patients: clinical impact on cardiovascular function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;9 Suppl 4: S305-S309London GM. Cardiovascular calcifications in uremic patients: clinical impact on cardiovascular function. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;9 Suppl 4: S305-S309Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 32:S112-S119Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 32:S112-S119[No authors listed]. VI. Causes of death in ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34(2 Suppl 1):S87-S94[No authors listed]. VI. Causes of death in ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34(2 Suppl 1):S87-S94[No authors listed]. V. Patient mortality and survival in ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:(2 Suppl 1):S74-S86[No authors listed]. V. Patient mortality and survival in ESRD. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:(2 Suppl 1):S74-S86Goodman WG, Coburn JW. The use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in early renal failure. Annu Rev Med 1992;43:227-237Goodman WG, Coburn JW. The use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in early renal failure. Annu Rev Med 1992;43:227-237Demer LL, Tintut Y Vascular calcification: pathobiology of multifaceted disease. Circulation 2008;117:2938-2948Demer LL, Tintut Y Vascular calcification: pathobiology of multifaceted disease. Circulation 2008;117:2938-2948Bas A, Lopez I, Perez J, Rodriguez M, Aguilera-Tejero E. Reversibility of calcitriol-induced medial artery calcification in rats with intact renal function. J Bone Miner Res 2006;21:484-490Bas A, Lopez I, Perez J, Rodriguez M, Aguilera-Tejero E. Reversibility of calcitriol-induced medial artery calcification in rats with intact renal function. J Bone Miner Res 2006;21:484-490Stubbs JR, Liu S, Tang W, et al. Role of hyperphosphatemia and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in vascular calcification and mortality in fibroblastic growth factor 23 null mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18:2116-2124Stubbs JR, Liu S, Tang W, et al. Role of hyperphosphatemia and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in vascular calcification and mortality in fibroblastic growth factor 23 null mice. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18:2116-2124Cozzolino M, Brancaccio D, Gallieni M, Slatopolsky E. Pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2005;68:429-436Cozzolino M, Brancaccio D, Gallieni M, Slatopolsky E. Pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2005;68:429-436Brown AJ, Finch J, Takahashi F, Slatopolsky E. Calcemic activity of 19-Nor-1,25(OH)(2)D(2) decreases with duration of treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:2088-2094Brown AJ, Finch J, Takahashi F, Slatopolsky E. Calcemic activity of 19-Nor-1,25(OH)(2)D(2) decreases with duration of treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000;11:2088-2094Mizobuchi M, Ogata H, Koiwa F, Kinugasa E, Akizawa T. Vitamin D and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Bone 2009; 45 Suppl 1:S26-S29Mizobuchi M, Ogata H, Koiwa F, Kinugasa E, Akizawa T. Vitamin D and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Bone 2009; 45 Suppl 1:S26-S29Andress D. Nonclassical aspects of differential vitamin D receptor activation: implications for survival in patients with chronic kidney disease. Drugs 2007;67:1999-2012Andress D. Nonclassical aspects of differential vitamin D receptor activation: implications for survival in patients with chronic kidney disease. Drugs 2007;67:1999-2012Cheng J, Zhang W, Zhang X, Li X, Chen J. Efficacy and safety of paricalcitol therapy for chronic kidney disease: a metaanalysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;7:391-400Cheng J, Zhang W, Zhang X, Li X, Chen J. Efficacy and safety of paricalcitol therapy for chronic kidney disease: a metaanalysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2012;7:391-400Sprague SM, Llach F, Amdahl M, Taccetta C, Batlle D. Paricalcitol versus calcitriol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 2003;63:1483-1490Sprague SM, Llach F, Amdahl M, Taccetta C, Batlle D. Paricalcitol versus calcitriol in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 2003;63:1483-1490Brown JA, Finch J, Slatopolsky E. Differential effects of 19-nor-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on intestinal calcium and phosphate transport. J Lab Clin Med 2002;139:279-284Brown JA, Finch J, Slatopolsky E. Differential effects of 19-nor-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on intestinal calcium and phosphate transport. J Lab Clin Med 2002;139:279-284Nakane M, Ma J, Rose AE, et al. Differential effects of vitamin D analogs on calcium transport. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007;103:84-89Nakane M, Ma J, Rose AE, et al. Differential effects of vitamin D analogs on calcium transport. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2007;103:84-89Sprague SM, Lerma E, McCormmick D, et al. Suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion in hemodialysis patients: comparison of paricalcitol with calcitriol. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38:S51-S56Sprague SM, Lerma E, McCormmick D, et al. Suppression of parathyroid hormone secretion in hemodialysis patients: comparison of paricalcitol with calcitriol. Am J Kidney Dis 2001;38:S51-S56Takahashi F, Finch JL, Denda M, Dusso AS, Brown AJ, Slatopolsky E. A new analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 19-NOR-1,25-(OH)2D2, suppresses serum PTH and parathyroid gland growth in uremic rats without elevation of intestinal vitamin D receptor content. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;30:105-112Takahashi F, Finch JL, Denda M, Dusso AS, Brown AJ, Slatopolsky E. A new analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3, 19-NOR-1,25-(OH)2D2, suppresses serum PTH and parathyroid gland growth in uremic rats without elevation of intestinal vitamin D receptor content. Am J Kidney Dis 1997;30:105-112Rodriguez M, Martinez-Moreno JM, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Mufioz-Castafieda JR, Almaden Y Vitamin D and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011;34:261-268Rodriguez M, Martinez-Moreno JM, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Mufioz-Castafieda JR, Almaden Y Vitamin D and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Blood Press Res 2011;34:261-268Li X, Speer MY, Yang H, Bergen J, Giachelli CM. Vitamin D receptor activators induce an anticalcific paracrine program in macrophages: requirement of osteopontin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010;30: 321-326Li X, Speer MY, Yang H, Bergen J, Giachelli CM. Vitamin D receptor activators induce an anticalcific paracrine program in macrophages: requirement of osteopontin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010;30: 321-326Sanchez-Nifio MD, Bozic M, Córdoba-Lanús E, et al. Beyond proteinuria: VDR activation reduces renal inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012;302:647-657Sanchez-Nifio MD, Bozic M, Córdoba-Lanús E, et al. Beyond proteinuria: VDR activation reduces renal inflammation in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012;302:647-657Resnick LM, Müller FB, Laragh JH. Calcium-regulating hormones in essential hypertension. Relation to plasma renin activity and sodium metabolism. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:649-654Resnick LM, Müller FB, Laragh JH. Calcium-regulating hormones in essential hypertension. Relation to plasma renin activity and sodium metabolism. Ann Intern Med 1986;105:649-654Freundlich M, Quiroz Y, Zhang Z, et al. Suppression of renin-angiotensin gene expression in the kidney by paricalcitol. Kidney Int 2008;74:1394-1402Freundlich M, Quiroz Y, Zhang Z, et al. Suppression of renin-angiotensin gene expression in the kidney by paricalcitol. Kidney Int 2008;74:1394-1402Park JW, Bae EH, Kim IJ, et al. Renoprotective effects of paricalcitol on gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010;298:301-313Park JW, Bae EH, Kim IJ, et al. Renoprotective effects of paricalcitol on gentamicin-induced kidney injury in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010;298:301-313Sochorová K, Budinský V, Rozková D, et al. Paricalcitol (19-nor-1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2) and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) exert potent immunomodulatory effects on dendritic cells and inhibit induction of antigen-specific T cells. Clin Immunol. 2009;133:69-77Sochorová K, Budinský V, Rozková D, et al. Paricalcitol (19-nor-1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D2) and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) exert potent immunomodulatory effects on dendritic cells and inhibit induction of antigen-specific T cells. Clin Immunol. 2009;133:69-77Ari E, Kedrah AE, Alahdab Y, et al. Antioxidant and reno-protective effects of paricalcitol on experimental contrast-induced nephropathy model. Br J Radiol 2012;85:1038-1043Ari E, Kedrah AE, Alahdab Y, et al. Antioxidant and reno-protective effects of paricalcitol on experimental contrast-induced nephropathy model. Br J Radiol 2012;85:1038-1043Meems LM, Cannon MV, Mahmud H, et al. The vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol prevents fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in a murine model of pressure overload. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012;132:282-289Meems LM, Cannon MV, Mahmud H, et al. The vitamin D receptor activator paricalcitol prevents fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in a murine model of pressure overload. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012;132:282-289Husain K, Ferder L, Mizobuchi M, Finch J, Slatopolsky E. Combination therapy with paricalcitol and enalapril ameliorates cardiac oxidative injury in uremic rats. Am J Nephrol 2009;29:465-472Husain K, Ferder L, Mizobuchi M, Finch J, Slatopolsky E. Combination therapy with paricalcitol and enalapril ameliorates cardiac oxidative injury in uremic rats. Am J Nephrol 2009;29:465-472Park JW, Cho JW, Joo SY et al. Paricalcitol prevents cisplatin-induced renal injury by suppressing apoptosis and proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2012;683:301-309Park JW, Cho JW, Joo SY et al. Paricalcitol prevents cisplatin-induced renal injury by suppressing apoptosis and proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2012;683:301-309Mizobuchi M, Morrissey J, Finch JL, et al. Combination therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a vitamin D analog suppresses the progression of renal insufficiency in uremic rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18:1796-1806Mizobuchi M, Morrissey J, Finch JL, et al. Combination therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a vitamin D analog suppresses the progression of renal insufficiency in uremic rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007;18:1796-1806Husain K, Suarez E, Isidro A, Ferder L. Effects of paricalcitol and enalapril on atherosclerotic injury in mouse aortas. Am J Nephrol 2010;32:296-304Husain K, Suarez E, Isidro A, Ferder L. Effects of paricalcitol and enalapril on atherosclerotic injury in mouse aortas. Am J Nephrol 2010;32:296-304Kong J, Kim GH, Wei M, et al. Therapeutic effects of vitamin D analogs on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Pathol 2010;177:622-631Kong J, Kim GH, Wei M, et al. Therapeutic effects of vitamin D analogs on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Pathol 2010;177:622-631Mizobuchi M, Nakamura H, Tokumoto M, et al. Myocardial effects of VDR activators in renal failure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010;121: 188-192Mizobuchi M, Nakamura H, Tokumoto M, et al. Myocardial effects of VDR activators in renal failure. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010;121: 188-192Fraga C, Blanco M, Vigo E, et al. Autogenesis of the vitamin D receptor in the rat heart. Histochem Cell Biol 2002;117:547-550Fraga C, Blanco M, Vigo E, et al. Autogenesis of the vitamin D receptor in the rat heart. Histochem Cell Biol 2002;117:547-550Wu-Wong JR, Noonan W, Nakane M, et al. Vitamin d receptor activa-tion mitigates the impact of uremia on endothelial function in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Int J Endocrinol Epub February 10, 2010Wu-Wong JR, Noonan W, Nakane M, et al. Vitamin d receptor activa-tion mitigates the impact of uremia on endothelial function in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Int J Endocrinol Epub February 10, 2010Mizobuchi M, Finch JL, Martin DR, Slatopolsky E. Differential effects of vitamin D receptor activators on vascular calcification in uremic rats. Kidney Int 2007;72:709-715Mizobuchi M, Finch JL, Martin DR, Slatopolsky E. Differential effects of vitamin D receptor activators on vascular calcification in uremic rats. Kidney Int 2007;72:709-715Cardús A, Panizo S, Parisi E, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Differential effects of vitamin D analogs on vascular calcification. J Bone Miner Res 2007;22:860-866Cardús A, Panizo S, Parisi E, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Differential effects of vitamin D analogs on vascular calcification. J Bone Miner Res 2007;22:860-866Teng M, Wolf M, Lowrie E, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM, Thadhani R. Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with paricalcitol or calcitriol therapy. Engl J Med 31, 2003;349:446-456Teng M, Wolf M, Lowrie E, Ofsthun N, Lazarus JM, Thadhani R. Survival of patients undergoing hemodialysis with paricalcitol or calcitriol therapy. Engl J Med 31, 2003;349:446-456Tentori F, Hunt WC, Stidley CA, et al. Mortality risk among hemo-dialysis patients receiving different vitamin D analogs. Kidney Int 2006;70:1858-1865Tentori F, Hunt WC, Stidley CA, et al. Mortality risk among hemo-dialysis patients receiving different vitamin D analogs. Kidney Int 2006;70:1858-1865Cozzolino M, Brancaccio D, Cannella G, et al. VDRA therapy is associated with improved survival in dialysis patients with serum intact PTH < = 150 pg/mL: results of the Italian FARO Survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27(9):3588-3594Cozzolino M, Brancaccio D, Cannella G, et al. VDRA therapy is associated with improved survival in dialysis patients with serum intact PTH < = 150 pg/mL: results of the Italian FARO Survey. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27(9):3588-3594He W, Kang YS, Dai C, Liu Y Blockade of Wnt/? - catenin signaling by paricalcitol ameliorates proteinuria and kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;22:90-103He W, Kang YS, Dai C, Liu Y Blockade of Wnt/? - catenin signaling by paricalcitol ameliorates proteinuria and kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;22:90-103Aperis G, Paliouras C, Zervos A, Arvanitis A, Alivanis P. The role of paricalcitol on proteinuria. J Ren Care 2011;37:80-84Aperis G, Paliouras C, Zervos A, Arvanitis A, Alivanis P. The role of paricalcitol on proteinuria. J Ren Care 2011;37:80-84Agarwal R, Acharya M, Tian J, et al. Antiproteinuric effect of oral paricalcitol in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2005; 68:2823-2828Agarwal R, Acharya M, Tian J, et al. Antiproteinuric effect of oral paricalcitol in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2005; 68:2823-2828de Zeeuw D, Agarwal R, Amdahl M, et al. Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;376:1543-1551de Zeeuw D, Agarwal R, Amdahl M, et al. Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;376:1543-1551Thadhani R, Appelbaum E, Pritchett Y. Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;307:674-684 Статья переведена на русский язык и публикуется из журнала Clinical Interventions in Aging 2013:8 149156 doi: 10.2147/CIA.S38349 с разрешения авторов и согласно условиям лицензионного соглашения «Creative Commons attribution-noncommerical license».Thadhani R, Appelbaum E, Pritchett Y. Vitamin D therapy and cardiac structure and function in patients with chronic kidney disease: the PRIMO randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012;307:674-684 Статья переведена на русский язык и публикуется из журнала Clinical Interventions in Aging 2013:8 149156 doi: 10.2147/CIA.S38349 с разрешения авторов и согласно условиям лицензионного соглашения «Creative Commons attribution-noncommerical license».

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.