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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2010-14-2-20-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-1214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСТЕОПЕТРОЗ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>OSTEOPETROSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старк</surname><given-names>З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stark</surname><given-names>Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><email xlink:type="simple">zornitza.stark@ghsv.org.au</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саварирайан</surname><given-names>Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savarirayan</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">ravi.savarirayan@ghsv.org.au</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Genetic Health Services Victoria, and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,  Melbourne</institution><country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Genetic Health Services Victoria, and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,  Melbourne</institution><country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Genetic Health Services Victoria, and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,  Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne,  Melbourne</institution><country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Genetic Health Services Victoria, and Murdoch Childrens Research Institute,  Melbourne; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne,  Melbourne</institution><country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Старк З., Саварирайан Р., 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старк З., Саварирайан Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stark Z., Savarirayan R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1214">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1214</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеопетроз («болезнь мраморной кости») – это общий термин, включающий в себя группу весьма редких наследственных заболеваний скелета, характеризующихся повышенной плотностью костей, выявляемой при рентгенографии. Встречаемость этих состояний достаточно сложно оценить, однако, считается, что частота аутосомно-рецессивного остеопетроза составляет порядка 1 к 250 000 рождаемым, тогда как аутосомно-доминантный остеопетроз – 1 к 20 000. Описываемые состояния могут значительно различаться по своим проявлениям и их выраженности. Некоторые из них дебютируют в неонатальном периоде с развитием угрожающих жизни осложнений, таких как патология костного мозга (так называемый «злокачественный» аутосомно-рецессивный остеопетроз), другие – являются лишь случайной находкой при рентгенографии (например остеопойкилоз). Классический аутосомно-рецессивный остеопетроз характеризуется переломами, низким ростом, компрессионными нейропатиями, гипокальциемией, сопровождающейся тетаническими судорогами, и угрожающей жизни панцитопенией. Наличие первичной нейродегенерации, умственной отсталости, вовлеченности кожи, иммунной системы или почечного тубулярного ацидоза может привести к более редким вариантам остеопетроза, тогда как начало первичных проявлений патологии скелета, таких как переломы и остеомиелит в позднем детстве или юности, типично для аутосомно-доминантного остеопетроза. Заболевание вызывается нарушением развития или функционирования остеокластов, и в качестве причинных были идентифицированы по крайней мере мутации 10 генов у порядка 70% пациентов. Заболевание может наследоваться по аутосомно-рецессивному, аутосомно-доминантному и сцепленному с полом путям, при этом наиболее тяжелыми формами являются аутосомно-рецессивные. Диагноз в основном основывается на оценке клинических и рентгенологических данных, подтверждаемых генетическим исследованием, когда оно доступно. Установление диагноза дает возможность понять истинную природу заболевания, назначить специфическую терапию, прогнозировать риск передачи потомству и проводить пренатальное выявление тяжелых форм. Лечение описываемой группы заболеваний в основном симптоматическое, также применяется трансплантация стволовых клеток крови при наиболее тяжелых формах, сочетающихся с поражением костного мозга, что определяет наибольшую выживаемость в этой группе. Тяжелые неонатальные формы остеопетроза сочетаются с низкой выживаемостью, большинство пациентов при отсутствии лечения умирают в первую декаду в результате подавления функции костного мозга. Продолжительность жизни при формах, манифестирующих во взрослом возрасте, – обычная. Ожидается, что более глубокое понимание патогенеза описываемых состояний на молекулярном уровне откроет новые мишени для фармакотерапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteopetrosis («marble bone disease») is a descriptive term that refers to a group of rare, heritable disorders of the skeleton characterized by increased bone density on radiographs. The overall incidence of these conditions is difficult to estimate but autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (ARO) has an incidence of 1 in 250,000 births, and autosomal dominant osteopetrosis (ADO) has an incidence of 1 in 20,000 births. Osteopetrotic conditions vary greatly in their presentation and severity, ranging from neonatal onset with life-threatening complications such as bone marrow failure (e.g. classic or «malignant» ARO), to the incidental finding of osteopetrosis on radiographs (e.g. osteopoikilosis). Classic ARO is characterised by fractures, short stature, compressive neuropathies, hypocalcaemia with attendant tetanic seizures, and life-threatening pancytopaenia. The presence of primary neurodegeneration, mental retardation, skin and immune system involvement, or renal tubular acidosis may point to rarer osteopetrosis variants, whereas onset of primarily skeletal manifestations such as fractures and osteomyelitis in late childhood or adolescence is typical of ADO. Osteopetrosis is caused by failure of osteoclast development or function and mutations in at least 10 genes have been identified as causative in humans, accounting for 70% of all cases. These conditions can be inherited as autosomal recessive, dominant or X-linked traits with the most severe forms being autosomal recessive. Diagnosis is largely based on clinical and radiographic evaluation, confirmed by gene testing where applicable, and paves the way to understanding natural history, specific treatment where available, counselling regarding recurrence risks, and prenatal diagnosis in severe forms. Treatment of osteopetrotic conditions is largely symptomatic, although haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is employed for the most severe forms associated with bone marrow failure and currently offers the best chance of longer-term survival in this group. The severe infantile forms of osteopetrosis are associated with diminished life expectancy, with most untreated children dying in the first decade as a complication of bone marrow suppression. Life expectancy in the adult onset forms is normal. It is anticipated that further understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these conditions will reveal new targets for pharmacotherapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопетроз</kwd><kwd>этиопатогенез</kwd><kwd>клиника</kwd><kwd>диагноз</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteopetrosis</kwd><kwd>ethiopathogenesis</kwd><kwd>clinical picture</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albers-Schonberg Rontgenbilder einer seltenen Knockenerkrankung. Munch Med Wochensch. 1904;5:365–368</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albers-Schonberg Rontgenbilder einer seltenen Knockenerkrankung. 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