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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2018-22-5-9-16</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-1588</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА САРКОПЕНИИ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ ПОЧЕК: ИНТЕГРАТИВНАЯ РОЛЬ mTOR</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SARCOPENIA PATHOGENESIS IN CHRONOC KIDNEY DISEASE: INTEGRATED ROLE OF mTOR</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра внутренних болезней № 1</p><p>Доц. Гасанов Митхат Зульфугар-оглы, канд. мед. наук</p><p>344022, Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29, Тел.: +7 988-947-37-50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Internal Medicine №1</p><p>Russia 344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Ln</p><p>Associate prof. Mitkhat Z.Gasanov, MD, PhD</p><p>Phone: +7(988)9473750</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitkhat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовского государственного медицинского университета</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>16</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гасанов М.З., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гасанов М.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasanov M.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1588">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1588</self-uri><abstract><p>В последние десятилетия были открыты основные патогенетические механизмы поддержания мышечной массы и силы. Большая часть научных трудов по изучению  молекулярных аспектов патогенеза саркопении были сфокусированы на Akt-сигнальном  пути. Объектом исследования были люди пожилого и старческого возраста, иммобилизированные пациенты, больные ХБП 1–4 стадий, животные. Однако в последнее  время все больше внимания уделяется роли белка-мишени рапамицина млекопитающих  mTOR. Он представляется ключевым звеном в контроле мышечной массы и является  перспективным маркером в понимании механизмов патогенеза саркопении. Его значение в  белковом обмене у пациентов с ХБП 5д стадии до конца не изучено и требует дальнейших  исследований. Представленный научный обзор содержит сведения о роли mTOR и его  компонентов – mTORC1 и mTORC2 в поддержании мышечной массы и силы у здорового  человека и формировании саркопении у пациентов с ХБП. Основная задача комплекса mTORC1 заключается в регуляции синтеза белка, который необходим для роста и дифференцировки клеток. Функции комплекса mTORC2 изучены недостаточно. Установлено, что он играет важную роль в таких биологических процессах, как организация цитоскелета,  поддержание внутриклеточного гомеостаза, т.е. он обеспечивает устойчивость клетки и ее  выживаемость при неблагоприятных внешних и внутренних стимулах. Белок mTOR можно  рассматривать в качестве перспективного молекулярного маркера диагностики ранних  нарушений белкового обмена у пациентов с ХБП, а также в качестве дополнительного показателя оценки тяжести саркопении.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In recent decades, the main pathogenetic mechanisms for maintaining muscle mass and strength have been discovered. Most of the scientific papers on the molecular aspects of the  pathogenesis of sarcopenia were focused on the Akt-signaling  pathway. The subject of the study were people of elderly and senile  age, immobilized patients, patients with CKD 1-4 stages, animals. However, recently more attention has been paid to the role  of protein – the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR. It seems to be a key link in the control of muscle mass and is a promising  marker in understanding the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of  sarcopenia. Its importance in protein metabolism in patients with  end stage kidney disease is not studied and requires further research. The presented scientific review contains  information on the role of mTOR and its components – mTORC1 and mTORC2 in maintaining muscle mass and strength in a healthy  person and in the formation of sarcopenia in patients with CKD. The  general aid of mTORC1 complex is regulation of protein production  which is necessary for cell growth and differentiation. mTORC2  complex functions are not enough studied. It is established that it  plays important role in such biological processes as cytoskeleton  organization, intracellular homeostasis maintaining, so it provides  cell resistance and cell survivability in negative external and internal  impulses. mTOR protein can be considered as promising molecular  marker in diagnostics of protein metabolism early disturbances in  patients with CKD and also as additory factor of sarcopenia severity assessment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>потеря мышечной массы и силы</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>серин-треониновая киназа mTOR</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>loss of muscle mass and strength</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>serine/threonine kinase mTOR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. 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