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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-3-28-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-1825</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Пренатальный стресс и его роль в патологии детского возраста: исторические аспекты и современное состояние вопроса (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prenatal stress and its role in children's pathology: historical aspects and the current status of the question (review of literature)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-7888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вялкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyalkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Вялкова Альбина Александровна, д-р мед. наук, заведующая кафедрой факультетской педиатрии</p><p>460000, г. Оренбург, ул. Советская, д. 6</p><p>Тел.: +7(922)625-88-75</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Albina A. Vyalkova, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Head of Department of faculty Pediatrics</p><p>460000, Orenburg, Sovetskaya st., 6</p><p>Рhone: +7(922)625-88-75</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_pediatry@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7326-597X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фролов</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frolov</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Фролов Борис Александрович, д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой патологической физиологии</p><p>460000, г. Оренбург, ул. Советская, д. 6</p><p>Тел.: +7(905)881-23-42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Boris A. Frolov, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Head of Department of pathological physiology</p><p>460000, Orenburg, Sovetskaya st., 6</p><p>Рhone: +7(905)881-23-42</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_pathphys@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2793-9483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савельева</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savelyeva</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савельева Елена Вячеславовна, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры факультетской педиатрии</p><p>460000, г. Оренбург, ул. Советская, д. 6</p><p>Тел.: +7(912)355-72-64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Savelyeva, MD, PhD, associate professor of the department of faculty pediatrics</p><p>460000, Orenburg, Sovetskaya st, 6</p><p>Phone: +7(912)355-72-64</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">seva-610@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0807-6133</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеснокова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chesnokova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеснокова Светлана Александровна, аспирант кафедры факультетской педиатрии</p><p>460000, г. Оренбург, ул. Советская, д. 6</p><p>Тел.: +7(922)885-84-87</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana A. Chesnokova, full-time graduate student of the department of faculty pediatrics</p><p>460000, Orenburg, Sovetskaya st., 6</p><p>Phone: +7(922) 885-84-87</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.s.a.dk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orenburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вялкова А.А., Фролов Б.А., Савельева Е.В., Чеснокова С.А., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вялкова А.А., Фролов Б.А., Савельева Е.В., Чеснокова С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vyalkova A.A., Frolov B.A., Savelyeva E.V., Chesnokova S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1825">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/1825</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен анализ фундаментальных данных по проблеме стресса и его роли в развитии заболеваний. Научные данные о роли стресса в патологии детского возраста свидетельствуют о чрезвычайной патогенетической значимости стресса. Доказано, что стресс имеет три связанных между собой грани: стресс, как звено в механизме адаптации, стресс, как звено в патогенезе болезней, и адаптация к стрессорным ситуациям, как естественная профилактика стрессорных заболеваний. Научное обоснование основной эволюционно-детерминированной роли стресса, как звена адаптации, свидетельствует о возможности приобретать ту или иную степень резистентности к стрессорным ситуациям. Предотвращение уменьшения чрезмерности стресс-реакции и снижение возможности ее трансформации в звено патогенеза заболеваний ограничивает комплекс механизмов, обозначаемых как стресс-лимитирующая система. Важными являются сведения о развитии и координации стрессовой реакции, которые обеспечиваются сложным комплексом механизмов нейроэндокринной регуляции, объединенных понятием «стресс-реализующая система». Наиболее распространенными формами стресса являются гипоксия плода, метаболические нарушения, токсические воздействия, приводящие к неконтролируемому окислительному стрессу на клеточном и тканевом уровне с развитием осложнений беременности, синдрома задержки внутриутробного развития плода (ЗВУР), стойких изменений и патологических состояний. По мере роста плода потоки кислорода и питательных веществ от матери через плаценту увеличиваются, что сопровождается увеличением риска формирования патологии мозга, сердца, печени и почек с развитием в последующей жизни мультиорганной патологии. Доказано, что окислительный стресс в сочетании со стрессом недостаточного питания в пренатальном периоде увеличивает риск формирования эндокринопатий, заболеваний почек и ряда других хронических заболеваний во взрослом состоянии. В практическом плане особый интерес представляют отрицательные последствия стресса. Раннее выявление психосоциальных и симпатомиметических факторов, вызывающих стресс, является основой профилактики патологии детского возраста.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents an analysis of fundamental data on the problem of stress and its role in the development of stressful diseases. Scientific evidence on the role of stress in childhood pathology indicates the extreme pathogenetic significance of stress. It is proved that stress has three interconnected faces: stress as a link in the adaptation mechanism, stress as a link in the pathogenesis of diseases and adaptation to stressful situations as a natural prevention of stressful diseases. The scientific substantiation of the main evolutionarily determined role of stress as an adaptation link indicates the possibility of acquiring some degree of resistance to stressful situations. Prevention of reducing the excess of stress reactions and reducing the possibility of its transformation into a link in the pathogenesis of diseases limits the complex of mechanisms designated as a stress-limiting system. Important information is the development and coordination of the stress response, which is provided by a complex set of mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation, united by the concept of “stress-implementing system”. The most common forms of stress are fetal hypoxia, metabolic disturbances, and toxic effects leading to uncontrolled oxidative stress at the cellular and tissue levels with the development of pregnancy complications, intrauterine growth retardation syndrome (IUGR), persistent changes and pathological conditions. As the fetus grows, the flow of oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta increases, which is accompanied by an increased risk of the formation of pathologies of the brain, heart, liver and kidneys with the development of a multi-organ pathology in the subsequent life. It has been proven that oxidative stress combined with stress of malnutrition in the prenatal period increases the risk of endocrinopathies, kidney diseases, and a number of other chronic diseases in the adult state. In practical terms, the negative effects of stress are of particular interest. Early detection of psychosocial and sympathomimetic factors causing stress is the basis for the prevention of childhood pathology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пренатальный стресс</kwd><kwd>эндокринопатии</kwd><kwd>заболевания почек</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>prenatal stress</kwd><kwd>endocrinopathies</kwd><kwd>kidney disease</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selye H. Syndrome – produced by diverse nocuous agents. Nature 1936;138(3479):32. doi: 10.1038/138032a0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selye H. Syndrome – produced by diverse nocuous agents. 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