<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-4-64-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2011</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Уровень КИМ-1 в моче при начальном снижении  скорости клубочковой фильтрации у больных с различными вариантами бронхиальной астмы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>KIM-1 level in urine with initial reduction of glomerular  filtration rate in patients with various bronchial asthma variants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-8137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mineev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Минеев Валерий Николаевич, д-р мед. наук , кафедра госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В. Черноруцкого; Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии и аллергологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10.</p><p>Тел.: 8(921)359-62-95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Valeriy N. Mineev, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Department of Hospital Therapy; Research Institute of rheumatology and allergology, Scientific and Clinical Research Center</p><p>197022, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build. 54 </p><p>Phone: 8(921)3596295</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnmineev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8765-1583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильева</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilieva</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Васильева Татьяна Сергеевна, канд. мед. наук, врач общей практики</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Зверинская, д. 15 </p><p>Тел.: +7(921)359-62-95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana S. Vasilieva, MD, PhD, general practitioner</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, polyclinic No. 34</p><p>Phone: 8(921) 359-62-95</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tosa14@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7863-9080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Смирнов Алексей Владимирович, д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики внутренних болезней; директор научно-исследовательского института нефрологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 17.</p><p>Тел.: (812)338-69-01</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Alexey V. Smirnov, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Head of Departmentof Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases; Director of the Scientifific Research Institute of Nephrology</p><p>197022, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17</p><p>Phone: (812)3386901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">smirnov@nephrolog.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7265-7392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкина Ольга Владимировна, канд. биол. наук, зав. лабораторией биохимического гомеостаза Научно-исследовательского института нефрологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 54</p><p>Тел.: +79213855286</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Galkina, MD, PhD, head of laboratory of biochemical homeostasis of the Scientifific Research Institute of Nephrology</p><p>197022, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build. 54. </p><p>Phone +7(921)3855286</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ovgalkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-6960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Трофимов Василий Иванович, д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В. Черноруцкого, директор НИИ ревматологии и аллергологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Vasily I. Trofimov, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Head of M.V.Chernorutskiy Department of Hospital Internal Medicine with Course in Allergology and Immunology, Director of the Research Institute of Rheumatology and Allergology.</p><p>197022, St. Petersburg, ul. L. Tolstoy 17, building. 10.</p><p>Phone. +7(921)913-13-28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trofvi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская поликлиника № 34, Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City State Outpatient Clinic № 34 Saint-Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минеев В.Н., Васильева Т.С., Смирнов А.В., Галкина О.В., Трофимов В.И., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минеев В.Н., Васильева Т.С., Смирнов А.В., Галкина О.В., Трофимов В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mineev V.N., Vasilieva T.S., Smirnov A.V., Galkina O.V., Trofimov V.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2011">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2011</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Ранее нами была постулирована общность патогенетических механизмов при бронхиальной астме (БА) и хронической болезни почек (ХБП). Молекула-1 поражения почек (KIM-1) рассматривается в качестве раннего биомаркера повреждения проксимальных почечных канальцев. В доступной литературе имеется единственное клиническое исследование KIM-1 при БА у детей.</p><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ – оценить уровни KIM-1 при различных вариантах БА.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Обследовано 24 больных с БА. Рассчитывали скорость клубочковой фильтрации (рСКФ) по CKD-EPI. Концентрацию молекулы повреждения почек-1 (KIM-1) в моче определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Альбумин в моче определяли иммунотурбидиметрическим методом. VEGF-A в сыворотке крови определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа (сэндвич вариант).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В моче больных с БА выявлена KIM-1, причем её содержание у больных с неаллергическим вариантом значимо выше, чем у больных с аллергическим вариантом заболевания. Проведен факторный анализ, было выявлено: компонента KIM-1 с высокой позитивной факторной нагрузкой связана с такой ключевой характеристикой БА, как тяжесть течения заболевания, а также с высокой негативной факторной нагрузкой – с компонентой скорости клубочковой фильтрации; компонента KIM-1 с высокой позитивной факторной нагрузкой связана с наличием лекарственной непереносимости у больных БА; компонента микроальбуминурии негативно связана с тяжестью течения БА, а также с компонентами KIM-1, VEGF-A, что, по-видимому, связано с применением при тяжелом течении БА системных глюкокортикоидов; компонента KIM-1 позитивно связана с компонентой VEGF-A, что может указывать на возможное участие KIM-1 в гипоксическом повреждении почек при БА.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Полученные данные позволяют предполагать, что при БА, прежде всего, при неаллергическом варианте заболевания и тяжелом течении БА формируется повреждение почек, выявляемое с помощью молекулы-1 повреждения почек KIM-1.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Previously, we postulated the common pathogenetic mechanisms in bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is considered as an early biomarker of the proximal renal tubules damage. In the available literature, there is only one clinical study of KIM-1 in children BA.</p><p>THE AIM of the study is to  assess KIM-1 levels in different variants of BA.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS. The 24 BA patients were examined. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by CKD-EPI was calculated. The concentration of the kidney injury molecule -1 (KIM-1) in urine was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Urinary albumin was determined by the immunoturbidimetric method. VEGF-A in serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay (sandwich variant).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. In the urine of BA patients, KIM-1 was detected, and its level in patients with a non-allergic variant is significantly higher than in patients with an allergic variant of the disease. Factor analysis was carried out, the following was revealed: the KIM-1 component with a high positive factor load is associated with a key characteristic of BA such as the severity of the disease course, as well as with a high negative factor load – with a component of the glomerular filtration rate; the KIM-1 component with a high positive factor load is associated with the presence of drug intolerance in BA patients; the microalbuminuria component is negatively associated with the severity of BA disease course, as well as with the components KIM-1, VEGF-A, which seems to be associated with the use of systemic glucocorticoids in severe BA disease course; the KIM-1 component is positively associated with the VEGF-A component, which may indicate possible KIM-1 involvement in hypoxic kidney injury in BA. </p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The obtained data suggest that in BA, first of all, in a non-allergic variant of the disease and in a severe course of BA, kidney injure is formed, detected using kidney injure molecule-1 KIM-1.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>молекула-1 повреждения почек</kwd><kwd>KIM-1</kwd><kwd>VEGF-A</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>kidney injure molecule-1</kwd><kwd>KIM-1</kwd><kwd>VEGF-A</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минеев ВН, Трофимов ВИ, Садовникова ОМ. Бронхиальная астма и хроническая болезнь почек (общие механизмы). Нефрология 2015;19(2):27–32. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2015-19-2-84-89</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mineev VN, Trofimov VI, Sadovnikova OM. Asthma and chronic kidney disease (general mechanisms). Nephrology (SaintPetersburg) 2015;19(2):27–32. (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2015-19-2-84-89</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минеев ВН, Васильева ТС, Деев ДМ. Существует ли риск развития хронической болезни почек у пациентов с бронхиальной астмой? Нефрология 2017;21(4):40–47. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-4-40-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mineev VN, Vasiljeva TS, Deev DM. Is there any risk of developing chronic kidney disease in patients with bronchial asthma? Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2017;21(4):40–47. (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-4-40-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минеев ВН, Зеленкова ЗА, Садовникова ОМ. Ско- рость клубочковой фильтрации при различных вариантах бронхиальной астмы. Пульмонология 2015;(5):593–599. doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2015-25-5-593-599</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mineev VN, Zelenkova ZA, Sadovnikova OM. Glomerular filtration rate in different phenotypes of bronchial asthma. Pulmonologiya 2015;25(5):593–599. (In Russ.) doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2015-25-5-593-599</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Demir AD, Goknar N, Oktem F et al. Renal tubular function and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule-1 levels in asthmatic children. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016;29(4):626–631. doi: 10.1177/0394632016651448</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Demir AD, Goknar N, Oktem F et al. Renal tubular function and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule-1 levels in asthmatic children. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016;29(4):626–631. doi: 10.1177/0394632016651448</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмин ОБ, Жежа ВВ, Белянин ВВ и др. Диагности- ческая и прогностическая ценность биомаркеров поврежде- ния почечных канальцев NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек. Нефрология 2017;21(2):24–32. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-2-24-32</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmin OB, Zhezha VV, Belaynin VV et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of renal tubular injury biomarkers NGAL, KIM-1, L-FABP in chronic kidney disease patients. Nephrology (SaintPetersburg) 2017;21(2):24–32. (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-2-24-32</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song J, Yu J, Prayogo GW et al. Understanding kidney injury molecule 1: a novel immune factor in kidney pathophysiology. Am J Transl Res 2019;11(3):1219–1229</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song J, Yu J, Prayogo GW et al. Understanding kidney injury molecule 1: a novel immune factor in kidney pathophysiology. Am J Transl Res 2019;11(3):1219–1229</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добронравов ВА, Смирнов АВ, Каюков ИГ. Много- гранная альбуминурия: аспекты клинического значения. Нефрология 2009;13(3):33–38. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2009-13-3-33-38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dobronravov VA, Smirnov AV, Kayukov IG. Manysided albuminuria: aspects of clinical value. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2009;13(3):33–38. (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2009-13-3-33-38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов АВ, Шилов ЕМ, Добронравов ВА и др. Нацио- нальные рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек: основные принципы скрининга, диагностики, профилактики и подходы к лечению. Нефрология 2012;16(1):89–115. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2012-16-1-89-115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov AV, Shilov EM, Dobronravov VA et al. National guidelines. chronic kidney disease: basic principles of screening, diagnosis, prevention and treatment approaches. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2012;16(1):89–115. (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2012-16-1-89-115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maeshima Y, Makino H. Angiogenesis and chronic kidney disease. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2010;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1755-1536-3-13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maeshima Y, Makino H. Angiogenesis and chronic kidney disease. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 2010;3:13. doi: 10.1186/1755-1536-3-13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer N, Akdis CA. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a key inducer of angiogenesis in the asthmatic airways. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013;13 (1):1–9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer N, Akdis CA. Vascular endothelial growth factor as a key inducer of angiogenesis in the asthmatic airways. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2013;13 (1):1–9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ. Кардиоренальный континуум: патогенетические основы превентивной нефрологии. Нефрология 2005;9(3):7–15. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2005-9-3-7-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov AV, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG. Cardiorenal continuum, pathogenetical grounds of preventive nephrology. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2005;9(3):7–15. (In Russ.) https:// doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2005-9-3-7-15</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Минеев В.Н. Континуумы в клинической медицине. Медицинский академический журнал. 2016; 16(3):19–28. doi:10.17816/MAJ16319-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mineev VN. Continuums in clinical medicine. Medical academic journal. 2016;16(3):19–28. doi: 10.17816/MAJ16319-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов АВ, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ и др. Превентивный подход в современной нефрологии. Нефрология 2004;8(3):7–14. doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2004-8-3-7-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov AV, Kayukov IG, Essaian AM et al. Preventive approach in nephrology. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2004;8(3):7–14. (In Russ.) doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2004-8-3-7-14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monster TBM, Janssen WMT, de Jong PE, de Jongvan de Berg LTW. Corticosteroid use and its association with microalbuminuria in the adult population. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2003;16(6):349–353. doi: 10.1016/S1094-5539(03)00104-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monster TBM, Janssen WMT, de Jong PE, de Jongvan de Berg LTW. Corticosteroid use and its association with microalbuminuria in the adult population. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2003;16(6):349–353. doi: 10.1016/S1094-5539(03)00104-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X, Deng X, Zhou J et al. The association of serum cortisol level with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Int J Med Sci 2020;17(18):2998–3004. doi: 10.7150/ijms.48742</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X, Deng X, Zhou J et al. The association of serum cortisol level with microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Int J Med Sci 2020;17(18):2998–3004. doi: 10.7150/ijms.48742</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозова ОЛ, Мальцева ЛД, Макарова ВД. VEGF – маркёр гипоксии при повреждении почек различ- ного генеза. Патогенез 2018;16(2):62–69. doi: 10.25557/2310-0435.2018.02.62-69</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozova OL, Maltseva LD, Makarova VD. VEGF as a biomarker for hypoxia in kidney injury of different origins. Patogenez (Pathogenesis). 2018; 16(2): 62–69 (in Russ). doi: 10.25557/2310-0435.2018.02.62-69</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harkness LM, Ashton AW, Burgess JK. Asthma is not only an airway disease, but also a vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2015;148:17–33. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harkness LM, Ashton AW, Burgess JK. Asthma is not only an airway disease, but also a vascular disease. Pharmacol Ther 2015;148:17–33. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin Q, Chen Y, Lv J et al. Kidney injury molecule-1 expression in IgA nephropathy and its correlation with hypoxia and tubulointerstitial inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014;306(8):F885–95. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00331.2013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin Q, Chen Y, Lv J et al. Kidney injury molecule-1 expression in IgA nephropathy and its correlation with hypoxia and tubulointerstitial inflammation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014;306(8):F885–95. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00331.2013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
