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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-5-83-91</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности когнитивных нарушений у больных с саркопенией на фоне хронической болезни почек 3А-5Д стадий: биологическое значение эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3A-5D: biological value of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-0404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц. Гасанов Митхат Зульфугар-оглы, канд. мед. наук, кафедра внутренних болезней №1</p><p>344022, Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p><p>Тел.: +79889473750</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assoc. prof. Mitkhat Z. Gasanov, MD, PhD, Internal Medicine Department #1</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Ln</p><p>Phone: +7(988)9473750</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitkhat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-8066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панченко Манэ Гарниковна, поликлиническое отделение</p><p>344023, Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Пешкова, д. 34</p><p>Тел.: 89895035511</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mane G. Panchenko, MD, outpatient department</p><p>344023, Rostov-on-Don, 34 Peshkova St.</p><p>Phone: +79895035511</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">manekydravaia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-4524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батюшин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyushin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Батюшин Михаил Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, кафедра внутренних болезней №2</p><p>№1344022, Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пер. Нахичеванский, д. 29</p><p>Тел.: +79185018801</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Mikhail M. Batyushin MD, PhD, DMedSci, Internal Medicine Department #2</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Ln</p><p>Phone: +79185018801</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batjushin-m@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1100-8011</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гареев</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gareev</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гареев Рустам Рафаилович, отделение диализа</p><p>344023, Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Пешкова, д. 34</p><p>Тел.: +7918591595</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rustam R. Gareev, MD, dialysis unit</p><p>344023, Rostov-on-Don, 34 Peshkova St.</p><p>Phone: +7918591595</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gareev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3887-1824</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перфильева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Perfilieva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Перфильева Анна Александровна, отделение диализа</p><p>344023, Россия, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. Пешкова, д. 34</p><p>Тел.: +79185180607</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Perfi lieva, MD, dialysis unit</p><p>344023, Rostov-on-Don, 34 Peshkova St.</p><p>Phone: +79185180607</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kengori@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>FSBEI HE «Rostov State Medical University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУЗ Ростовская клиническая больница «ЮОМЦ ФМБА»,</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBHI Rostov Clinical Hospital «SRMC FMBA»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Ростовский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI HE «Rostov State Medical University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУЗ Ростовская клиническая больница «ЮОМЦ ФМБА»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBHI Rostov Clinical Hospital «SRMC FMBA»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гасанов М.З., Панченко М.Г., Батюшин М.М., Гареев Р.Р., Перфильева А.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гасанов М.З., Панченко М.Г., Батюшин М.М., Гареев Р.Р., Перфильева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gasanov M.Z., Panchenko M.G., Batyushin M.M., Gareev R.R., Perfilieva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2025">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2025</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: комплексная оценка частоты, выраженности и состава когнитивных нарушений (КН) у пациентов с ХБП 3А–5Д стадий, а также изучение взаимосвязи уровней эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота (eNOS) с этими нарушениями.ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование были включены 80 пациентов с ХБП в возрасте от 26 до 79 лет (средний возраст 58,9 ±1,4 года), среди них 43 женщины (средний возраст 60,1±1,9 года) и 37 мужчин (средний возраст 57,4±2,3 года). Все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: в 1-ю группу (додиализную) вошли 40 пациентов (28 женщин и 12 мужчин) с ХБП 3А–5 (средний возраст 59,9±2,1 года), во 2-ю группу (диализную) были включены 40 пациентов (18 женщин и 22 мужчины) с ХБП 5Д (средний возраст 58,1±2,1 года). Саркопению верифицировали по критериям Европейской рабочей группы по саркопении у пожилых людей (EWGSOP). Наличие и выраженность КН определяли с помощью краткой шкалы оценки психического статуса (MMSE) и Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций (МOСА). Для выявления эндотелиальной дисфункции всем пациентам была проведена проба с эндотелийзависимой вазодилатацией плечевой артерии, а также определение уровня eNOS (ELISA Kit, США) в сыворотке крови.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: распространенность саркопении в 1-й группе составила 12,5 %, а во 2-й группе 42,5 %. Средний возраст пациентов, имеющих саркопению, составил 66,1±2,1 года. Распространенность КН по шкале MoCA в общей когорте составила 70 %, при этом, в 1-й группе – 67,5 %, во 2-й – 72,5 %, в подгруппе с саркопенией – 76,2 %. КН, определяемые по шкале MMSE, в среднем были у 67,5 % обследованных, причем количественно распространенность в группах была идентичной, однако, качественный состав КН при сравнительном анализе отличался по выраженности проявлений. При сравнительной оценке распространенности КН (по шкале MMSE) у пациентов, имеющих саркопению, было установлено, что этот показатель был значительно выше, чем в подгруппе без саркопении, и составил 90,5 и 59,3 % соответственно. У пациентов с саркопенией уровень eNOS был ниже средних значений по сравнению с общей выборкой, пациентами 1-й группы и подгруппы без саркопении (0,75±0,1, 0,88±0,1, 1±0,1 и 0,92±0,2 нг/мл соответственно (p=0,02)). По результатам пробы с эндотелийзависимой вазодилатацией распространенность эндотелиальной дисфункции в общей когорте пациентов составила 48,8 % (в 1-й группе – 27,5 %, а во 2-й группе – 70 %, p=0,001), в подгруппе пациентов с саркопенией – 57,1 %.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: обнаружена высокая распространенность КН у пациентов с ХБП. Прогрессирование ХБП ассоциировано с формированием эндотелиальной дисфункции и развитием КН. Последние значительно нарушают качество и продолжительность жизни больных в обсуждаемой группе. Основным механизмом их развития является нарастающая эндотелиальная дисфункция, а eNOS играет ключевую роль в этом процессе. Саркопения связана с повышенным риском КН независимо от исследуемой популяции и критериев диагностики саркопении и играет важное прогностическое значение.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE AIM: a comprehensive assessment of the frequency, severity, and composition of cognitive impairments (CI) in patients with CKD stages 3A-5D, as well as to study the relationship between the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and these impairments. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 80 patients with CKD aged 26 to 79 years (mean age 58.9 ± 1.4 years), among them 43 women (mean age 60.1 ± 1.9 years) and 37 men (mean age 57.4 ± 2.3 years). All patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (pre-dialysis) included 40 patients (28 women and 12 men) with CKD 3A-5 (mean age 59.9 ± 2.1 years), group 2 (on dialysis) included 40 patients (18 women and 22 men) with CKD 5D (mean age 58.1 ± 2.1 years). Sarcopenia was verified according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). The presence and severity of CI were determined using the short mental status assessment scale (MMSE) and the Montreal cognitive assessment test (MoCA). To identify endothelial dysfunction, all patients underwent a test with endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the brachial artery, as well as determination of the level of eNOS (ELISA Kit, USA) in serum. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia in the 1st group was 12.5 %, and in the 2nd group, 42.5 %. The average age of patients with sarcopenia was 66.1 ± 2.1 years. The prevalence of CI according to the MoCA scale in the general cohort was 70 %, while in the 1st group – 67.5 %, in the second – 72.5 %, in the subgroup with sarcopenia – 76.2 %. CIs, determined by the MMSE scale, were on average in 67.5 % of the surveyed, and the quantitative prevalence in the groups was identical, however, the qualitative composition of CIs in the comparative analysis differed in the severity of manifestations. In a comparative assessment of the prevalence of CI (according to the MMSE scale) in patients with sarcopenia, it was found that this indicator was significantly higher than in the subgroup without sarcopenia and amounted to 90.5 % and 59.3 %, respectively. In patients with sarcopenia, the level of eNOS was lower than the mean values compared with the general sample, patients of the 1st group and the subgroup without sarcopenia (0.75 ± 0.1 ng / ml, 0.88 ± 0.1 ng / ml, 1 ± 0.1 ng / ml and 0.92 ± 0.2 ng / ml, respectively (p = 0.02)). According to the results of the test with endothelium-dependent vasodilation, the prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in the total cohort of patients was 48.8 % (in the 1st group – 27.5 %, and in the 2nd group – 70 % (p = 0.001)), in the subgroup of patients with sarcopenia – 57.1 %. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of CI was found in patients with CKD. The progression of CKD is associated with the formation of endothelial dysfunction and the development of CI. The latter significantly impairs the quality and life expectancy of patients. The main mechanism of their development is increasing endothelial dysfunction, and eNOS plays a key role in this process. Sarcopenia is associated with an increased risk of CI, regardless of the studied population and the criteria for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, and plays an important prognostic value.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная синтаза оксида азота</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>тест 6-минутной ходьбы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>endothelial nitric oxide synthase</kwd><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>6-minute walk test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП). Клинические рекомендации. N18.1/N18.2/N18.3/N18.4/N18.5/N18.9. 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