<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2022-26-1-34-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2078</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние COVID-19 на функцию почек у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией 1–2 степени и хронической болезнью почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of COVID-19 on kidney function in patients with arterial hypertension grade 1-2 and CKD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-0051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Иванов Дмитрий Дмитриевич, д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой нефрологии и почечно-заместительной терапии </p><p>01112, г. Киев, ул. Дорогожицкая, д. 9</p><p>Тел.: +38 (044) 2846897</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Ivanov Dmitry Dmitrievich, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Head of the Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy</p><p>01112, Kiev, st. Dorogozhitskaya, 9</p><p>Tel +38 (044) 2846897</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drivanovdd@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7413-4173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гоженко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gozhenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Гоженко Анатолий Иванович, д-р мед. наук, директор института</p><p>65039, г. Одесса, ул. Канатная, д. 92</p><p>Тел.: +380 048 728 14 52, +380 048 722 53 64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Gozhenko Anatoly Ivanovich, MD, PhD, DMedSci, director of the institute</p><p>65039, Odessa, Kanatnaya street, 92</p><p>Phone: +380 048 728 14 52, +380 048 722 53 64 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">prof.gozhenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7636-1000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц. Иванова Мария Дмитриевна, канд. мед. наук, кафедра патологической и топографической анатомии</p><p>01112, г. Киев, ул. Дорогожицкая, д. 9</p><p>Тел.: +38 (044) 483 86 63</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor Ivanova Maria Dmitrievna, MD, PhD, Department of Pathological and Topographic Anatomy</p><p>01112, Kiev, st. Dorohozhitskaya, 9</p><p>Tel. +38 (044) 483 86 63 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mesangium88@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5541-7351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завальная</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavalnaya</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Завальная Ирина Николаевна, ассистент кафедры нефрологии и почечно-заместительной терапии</p><p>01112, г. Киев, ул. Дорогожицкая, д. 9</p><p>Тел.: (044) 2846897</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zavalnaya Irina Nikolaevna, assistant of the Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy</p><p>01112, Kiev, st. Dorohozhitskaya, 9</p><p>Tel (044) 2846897 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irazavalna1978@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный университет здравоохранения Украины им. П.Л. Шупика</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Healthcare of Ukraine named after P.L.Shupik</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Украинский научно-исследовательский институт медицины транспорта МЗ Украины</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ukrainian Research Institute of Transport Medicine of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов Д.Д., Гоженко А.И., Иванова М.Д., Завальная И.Н., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Д.Д., Гоженко А.И., Иванова М.Д., Завальная И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov D.D., Gozhenko A.I., Ivanova M.D., Zavalnaya I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2078">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2078</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Наличие и медикаментозная коррекция артериальной гипертензии (АГ) ингибиторами ренинангиотензиновой системы (РАС), а также хронической болезни почек (ХБП) и ее роли в регуляции РАС могут существенно влиять на состояние человека, заболевшего COVID-19. ЦЕЛЬ: изучение особенностей функционального состояния почек у пациентов с АГ 1–2 степени, заболевших COVID-19. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Представлен субанализ пациентов с ХБП, участников исследования BIRCOV (ARB, ACEi, DRi in COVID-19): 112 амбулаторных пациентов с АГ 1–2 степени, 83 из которых имели ХБП. Участники были разделены на группы, получавшие иАПФ (1-я группа – 39 %), БРА (2-я группа – 32 %) или прямой ингибитор ренина (ПИР) (3-я группа – 29 %) в качестве основной терапии АГ. Величина артериального давления, рСКФ, уровень альбуминурии были проанализированы в дебюте COVID-19 и на 2-, 4-, 12-, 24-й неделях от начала заболевания. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В первые две недели COVID-19 отмечено снижение АД с постепенным возвращением к исходным значениям у пациентов 1-й группы и 3-й группы (в меньшей степени). Использование иАПФ в лечении АГ увеличивало риск отмены по сравнению с ПИР и БРА из-за COVID-19. У пациентов с ХБП получены более высокие значения среднего АД при аналогичной его динамике. Документировано синхронное снижение рСКФ и систолического АД, более выраженное у пациентов с ХБП, особенно при приеме иАПФ. Снижение рСКФ коррелировало со стадией ХБП. При стабильной функции почек у пациентов с ХБП в течение первых 12 нед COVID-19 увеличивалось соотношение альбумин/креатинин мочи (САК) без дальнейшей нормализации. Ко второй неделе заболевания рСКФ снижалась с реципрокным повышением уровня мочевой кислоты крови. Использование дексаметазона сопровождалось снижением рСКФ при ХБП 3б-4 стадий. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. При приеме иАПФ эффект снижения АД был сопоставим с двойным блоком РАС: иАПФ+БРА.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BACKGROUND. The presence and drug correction of arterial hypertension (AH) with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as well as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its role in the regulation of RAS, can significantly affect the condition of a person with COVID-19. OBJECTIVE: to study the features of the functional state of the kidneys in patients with grade 1-2 hypertension who have fallen ill with COVID-19. PATIENTS AND METHODS. A subanalysis of patients with CKD, participants in the BIRCOV study (ARB, ACEi, DRi in COVID-19) is presented: 112 outpatient patients with grade 1-2 hypertension, 83 of whom had CKD. The participants were divided into groups receiving ACE inhibitors (group 1 – 39 %), ARBs (group 2 – 32 %), or a direct renin inhibitor (PIR) (group 3 – 29 %) as the main therapy of hypertension. The value of blood pressure, eGFR, albuminuria level were analyzed at the debut of COVID-19 and at 2, 4, 12, 24 weeks from the onset of the disease. RESULTS. In the first two weeks of COVID-19, there was a decrease in blood pressure with a gradual return to baseline values in patients of group 1 and group 3 (to a lesser extent). The use of ACE inhibitors in the treatment of hypertension increased the risk of withdrawal compared to PIR and ARBs due to COVID-19. In patients with CKD, higher values of mean blood pressure were obtained with similar dynamics. A synchronous decrease in eGFR and systolic blood pressure has been documented, more pronounced in patients with CKD, especially when taking aCEI. The decrease in eGFR correlated with the stage of CKD. With stable renal function in patients with CKD during the first 12 weeks of COVID-19, the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (UAC) increased without further normalization. By the second week of the disease, eGFR decreased with a reciprocal increase in the level of uric acid in the blood. The use of dexamethasone was accompanied by a decrease in eGFR in CKD stages 3b-4. CONCLUSION. When taking ACE inhibitors, the effect of lowering blood pressure was comparable to a double block of RAS: ACE inhibitors + ARBs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>исследование BIRCOV</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента</kwd><kwd>блокаторы рецепторов к ангиотензину</kwd><kwd>прямые ингибиторы ренина</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>BIRCOV study</kwd><kwd>angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors</kwd><kwd>angiotensin receptor blockers</kwd><kwd>direct renin inhibitors</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Спонсором исследования выступила ООО «Медицинская практика проф. Д.Иванова»™</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was sponsored by Medical Practice Prof. D.Ivanova»™</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ERA-EDTA Council, ERACODA Working Group, Chronic kidney disease is a key risk factor for severe COVID-19: a call to action by the ERA-EDTA, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 36, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 87–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ERA-EDTA Council, ERACODA Working Group, Chronic kidney disease is a key risk factor for severe COVID-19: a call to action by the ERA-EDTA, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 36, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 87–94, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung EY, Palmer SC, Natale P et al. Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in People With CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2021 Aug 5:S0272- 6386(21)00771-X. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.07.003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung EY, Palmer SC, Natale P et al. Incidence and Outcomes of COVID-19 in People With CKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2021 Aug 5:S0272- 6386(21)00771-X. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.07.003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Horton R. Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic. Lancet 2020 Sep 26;396(10255):874. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6. PMID: 32979964 PMCID: PMC7515561. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Horton R. Offline: COVID-19 is not a pandemic. Lancet 2020 Sep 26;396(10255):874. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6. PMID: 32979964 PMCID: PMC7515561. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32000-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тареев ЕМ (ред). Поражения почек при нарушениях кровообращения (том 2) в Основы нефрологии. Медицина, М., 1972 Tareev EM (ed). Kidney lesions in circulatory disorders (Volume 2) in Fundamentals of Nephrology. Medicine, M., 1972</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Тареев ЕМ (ред). Поражения почек при нарушениях кровообращения (том 2) в Основы нефрологии. Медицина, М., 1972 Tareev EM (ed). Kidney lesions in circulatory disorders (Volume 2) in Fundamentals of Nephrology. Medicine, M., 1972</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lei Y, Zhang J, Schiavon CR, He M, Chen L, Shen H, Zhang Y, Yin Q et al. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE 2. Circulation Research 2021;128:1323–1326. doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lei Y, Zhang J, Schiavon CR, He M, Chen L, Shen H, Zhang Y, Yin Q et al. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Impairs Endothelial Function via Downregulation of ACE 2. Circulation Research 2021;128:1323–1326. doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04364984?term=NCT04364984&amp;cntry=UA&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04364984?term=NCT04364984&amp;cntry=UA&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://wilkes.libguides.com/c.php?g=191942&amp;p=1266516</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://wilkes.libguides.com/c.php?g=191942&amp;p=1266516</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov DD, Ivanova MD, Crestanello T. Final results of bircov trial (ARB, ACEI, DRi in COVID-19). Pochki 2021; 3:37–43. https://doi.org/10.22141/2307-1257.10.3.2021.239591</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov DD, Ivanova MD, Crestanello T. Final results of bircov trial (ARB, ACEI, DRi in COVID-19). Pochki 2021; 3:37–43. https://doi.org/10.22141/2307-1257.10.3.2021.239591</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://medstatistic.ru/calculators.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://medstatistic.ru/calculators.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://qxmd.com/calculate/calculator_308/kidneyfailure-risk-equation-4-variable</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://qxmd.com/calculate/calculator_308/kidneyfailure-risk-equation-4-variable</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iziah E Sama, Alice Ravera, Bernadet T Santema, Harry van Goor, Jozine M ter Maaten, John G F Cleland, Michiel Rienstra, Alex W Friedrich, Nilesh J Samani, Leong L Ng, Kenneth Dickstein, Chim C Lang, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D Anker, Piotr Ponikowski, Marco Metra, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Adriaan A Voors, Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors, European Heart Journal, Volume 41, Issue 19, 14 May 2020, Pages 1810–1817, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa373</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iziah E Sama, Alice Ravera, Bernadet T Santema, Harry van Goor, Jozine M ter Maaten, John G F Cleland, Michiel Rienstra, Alex W Friedrich, Nilesh J Samani, Leong L Ng, Kenneth Dickstein, Chim C Lang, Gerasimos Filippatos, Stefan D Anker, Piotr Ponikowski, Marco Metra, Dirk J van Veldhuisen, Adriaan A Voors, Circulating plasma concentrations of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in men and women with heart failure and effects of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors, European Heart Journal, Volume 41, Issue 19, 14 May 2020, Pages 1810–1817, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa373</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scudellari M How the coronavirus infects cells — and why Delta is so dangerous. Nature 595, 640–644 (2021) doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02039-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scudellari M How the coronavirus infects cells — and why Delta is so dangerous. Nature 595, 640–644 (2021) doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02039-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://blogs.bmj.com/bmjgh/2020/03/24/sex-genderand-covid-19-disaggregated-data-and-health-disparities/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://blogs.bmj.com/bmjgh/2020/03/24/sex-genderand-covid-19-disaggregated-data-and-health-disparities/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luuk B Hilbrands, Raphaël Duivenvoorden, Priya Vart, Casper F M Franssen, Marc H Hemmelder, Kitty J Jager, Lyanne M Kieneker, Marlies Noordzij, Michelle J Pena, Hanne de Vries, David Arroyo, Adrian Covic, Marta Crespo, Eric Goffin, Mahmud Islam, Ziad A Massy, Nuria Montero, João P Oliveira, Ana Roca Muñoz, J Emilio Sanchez, Sivakumar Sridharan, Rebecca Winzeler, Ron T Gansevoort, ERACODA Collaborators, COVID-19-related mortality in kidney transplant and dialysis patients: results of the ERACODA collaboration, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2020, Pages 1973–1983, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa261</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luuk B Hilbrands, Raphaël Duivenvoorden, Priya Vart, Casper F M Franssen, Marc H Hemmelder, Kitty J Jager, Lyanne M Kieneker, Marlies Noordzij, Michelle J Pena, Hanne de Vries, David Arroyo, Adrian Covic, Marta Crespo, Eric Goffin, Mahmud Islam, Ziad A Massy, Nuria Montero, João P Oliveira, Ana Roca Muñoz, J Emilio Sanchez, Sivakumar Sridharan, Rebecca Winzeler, Ron T Gansevoort, ERACODA Collaborators, COVID-19-related mortality in kidney transplant and dialysis patients: results of the ERACODA collaboration, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2020, Pages 1973–1983, https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa261</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanova MD, Gozhenko AI, Crestanello T, Ivanov DD. Early Coaching to Increase Water Intake in CKD. Annals of nutrition &amp; metabolism 2020;76: 69–70. doi: 10.1159/000515276</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova MD, Gozhenko AI, Crestanello T, Ivanov DD. Early Coaching to Increase Water Intake in CKD. Annals of nutrition &amp; metabolism 2020;76: 69–70. doi: 10.1159/000515276</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov D, Savytska L, Kulachek V. The association of kidney stress test with water salt loading with estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1-3 Archives of the Balkan Medical Union, 2019; 54(3): 438–444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov D, Savytska L, Kulachek V. The association of kidney stress test with water salt loading with estimated glomerular filtration rate decline in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 1-3 Archives of the Balkan Medical Union, 2019; 54(3): 438–444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordana B Cohen, Andrew M South, Hossam A Shaltout, Matthew R Sinclair, Matthew A Sparks, Renin–angiotensin system blockade in the COVID-19 pandemic, Clinical Kidney Journal, Volume 14, Issue Supplement_1, March 2021, Pages i48–i59, https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfab026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordana B Cohen, Andrew M South, Hossam A Shaltout, Matthew R Sinclair, Matthew A Sparks, Renin–angiotensin system blockade in the COVID-19 pandemic, Clinical Kidney Journal, Volume 14, Issue Supplement_1, March 2021, Pages i48–i59, https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfab026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mourad J, Levy BI. Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19. Nat Rev Cardiol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0368-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mourad J, Levy BI. Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19. Nat Rev Cardiol (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-0368-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19, paper suggests Date: March 23, 2020 Source: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323101354.htm</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19, paper suggests Date: March 23, 2020 Source: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323101354.htm</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/927542?nlid=134762_1502&amp;src=WNL_mdplsfeat_200331_mscpedit_neph&amp;uac=142284CK&amp;spon=44&amp;impID=2331156&amp;faf=1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/927542?nlid=134762_1502&amp;src=WNL_mdplsfeat_200331_mscpedit_neph&amp;uac=142284CK&amp;spon=44&amp;impID=2331156&amp;faf=1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19 Mandeep R. Mehra, M.D., Sapan S. Desai, M.D., Ph.D., SreyRam Kuy, M.D., M.H.S., Timothy D. Henry, M.D., and Amit N. Patel, M.D. The NEJM May 1, 2020 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19 Mandeep R. Mehra, M.D., Sapan S. Desai, M.D., Ph.D., SreyRam Kuy, M.D., M.H.S., Timothy D. Henry, M.D., and Amit N. Patel, M.D. The NEJM May 1, 2020 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.era-edta.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ERACODA-Study-Report-2020-04-29.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.era-edta.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/ERACODA-Study-Report-2020-04-29.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://www.era-edta.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ERACODA-Study-Report-2020-05-06.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://www.era-edta.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ERACODA-Study-Report-2020-05-06.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Іванов ДД, Маньковський БН. Антигіпертензивне лікування та функція нирок у звичайній практиці у хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу: результати перспективного дослідження скіфів в Україні Відкритий журнал урології та нефрологіїце, 2014; 7(1):с. 71–76</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Іванов ДД, Маньковський БН. Антигіпертензивне лікування та функція нирок у звичайній практиці у хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу: результати перспективного дослідження скіфів в Україні Відкритий журнал урології та нефрологіїце, 2014; 7(1):с. 71–76</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галушкин АА, Батюшин ММ, Терентьев ВП, Горблянский ЮЮ. Комплексная оценка сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска, как инструмент прогнозирования развития хронической болезни почек. Нефрология 2013;17(5):49–54. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-5-49-54 Galushkin AA, Batjushin MM, Terentyev VP, Gorbljansky UU. Complex assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, as instrument of prognosis of chronic kidney disease development. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2013;17(5):49–54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-5-49-54 https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-5-49-54</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Галушкин АА, Батюшин ММ, Терентьев ВП, Горблянский ЮЮ. Комплексная оценка сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска, как инструмент прогнозирования развития хронической болезни почек. Нефрология 2013;17(5):49–54. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-5-49-54 Galushkin AA, Batjushin MM, Terentyev VP, Gorbljansky UU. Complex assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, as instrument of prognosis of chronic kidney disease development. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2013;17(5):49–54. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-5-49-54 https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-5-49-54</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsukamoto S, Wakui H, Azushima K et al. Tissue-specific expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, in mouse models of chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 11, 16843 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96294-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsukamoto S, Wakui H, Azushima K et al. Tissue-specific expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, in mouse models of chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 11, 16843 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96294-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://compendium.com.ua/tutorials/podagra/obmenmochevoj-kisloty-i-patogenez-narushenij/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://compendium.com.ua/tutorials/podagra/obmenmochevoj-kisloty-i-patogenez-narushenij/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Руденко ТЕ, Васильева МП, Кутырина ИМ, Соломахина НИ. Сывороточная концентрация цистатина с и мочевой кислоты у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек и гипертрофией левого желудочка сердца. Нефрология 2015; 19 (2):68–75 Rudenko TE, Vasilyeva MP, Kutyrina IM, Solomakhina NI. Cystatin C and uric acid levels in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (SaintPetersburg) 2015;19(2):68–75. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Руденко ТЕ, Васильева МП, Кутырина ИМ, Соломахина НИ. Сывороточная концентрация цистатина с и мочевой кислоты у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек и гипертрофией левого желудочка сердца. Нефрология 2015; 19 (2):68–75 Rudenko TE, Vasilyeva MP, Kutyrina IM, Solomakhina NI. Cystatin C and uric acid levels in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (SaintPetersburg) 2015;19(2):68–75. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The RECOVERY collaborative group Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:693– 704. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The RECOVERY collaborative group Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:693– 704. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2021436</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wahab S, Ahmad I, Usmani Sh, Ahmad P. Efficacy of Dexamethasone for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Perspective Review Current Drug Delivery 2021 Vol18, Issue 5. doi: 10.2174/1567201817666201006144008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wahab S, Ahmad I, Usmani Sh, Ahmad P. Efficacy of Dexamethasone for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection: A Perspective Review Current Drug Delivery 2021 Vol18, Issue 5. doi: 10.2174/1567201817666201006144008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baylis C, Handa RK, Sorkin M Glucocorticoids and control of glomerular filtration rate Semin Nephrol. 1990 Jul;10(4):320– 329</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baylis C, Handa RK, Sorkin M Glucocorticoids and control of glomerular filtration rate Semin Nephrol. 1990 Jul;10(4):320– 329</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каюков ИГ, Галкина ОВ, Тимшина ЕИ, Зубина ИМ, Михеева АЮ, Бердичевский ГМ. Креатинин в современной оценке функционального состояния почек (обзор литературы и собственные данные). Нефрология 2020;24(4):21–36. https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-21-36 Kayukov IG, Galkina OV, Timshina EI, Zubina IM, Miheeva AU, Berdichevsky GM. Creatinin in the modern evaluation of the kidneys functional condition (literature review and own data). Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2020;24(4):21–36. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-21-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Каюков ИГ, Галкина ОВ, Тимшина ЕИ, Зубина ИМ, Михеева АЮ, Бердичевский ГМ. Креатинин в современной оценке функционального состояния почек (обзор литературы и собственные данные). Нефрология 2020;24(4):21–36. https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-21-36 Kayukov IG, Galkina OV, Timshina EI, Zubina IM, Miheeva AU, Berdichevsky GM. Creatinin in the modern evaluation of the kidneys functional condition (literature review and own data). Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2020;24(4):21–36. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-4-21-36</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
