<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нефропротекторные эффекты ацизола на фоне токсического действия сульфата кадмия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephroprotective effects of acizol on the background of cadmium sulphate intoxication</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокаев</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kokaev</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">romesh_k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брин</surname><given-names>В. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brin</surname><given-names>V. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vbbrin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Ossetian State Medical Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>96</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кокаев Р.И., Брин В.Б., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кокаев Р.И., Брин В.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kokaev R.I., Brin V.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/213">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/213</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬЮ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ было изучение патогенетических механизмов нарушения функции почек при длительном введении сульфата кадмия и профилактических эффектов ацизола, являющегося антигипоксантным и антиоксидант-ным препаратом. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Работа была проведена на 60 крысах-самцах линии Вистар, разделённых на три группы: интактные; контроль с изолированным введением сульфата кадмия в дозе 0,1 мг/кг массы тела; опыт с профилактическим введением ацизола на фоне введения соли кадмия в той же дозировке. Исследовались мочеобразовательная функция почек, концентрация натрия и мочевины в слоях тканей почки и активность Na+/К+-АТФазы. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У животных с введением сульфата кадмия отмечено увеличение шестичасового спонтанного диуреза и экскреции натрия с мочой, за счет снижения реабсорбции воды и катиона, выраженная протеинурия. Эти изменения коррелируют со снижением концентрации натрия и мочевины во всех слоях почек, чему также соответствует снижение активности фермента - Na+/К+-АТФазы в слоях ткани почек. Введение животным ацизола на фоне кадмиевой интоксикации привело к уменьшению выраженности нарушений процессов реабсорбции в канальцах почек, некоторому восстановлению активности Na+/К+-АТФазы, существенному снижению протеинурии. В гистологической картине отличия между группами с изолированным введением соли кадмия и сочетанным введением сульфата кадмия и ацизола заключаются в уменьшении степени выраженности проявлений всех патологических процессов. Увеличено количество канальцев с сохраненным просветом. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Таким образом, очевидным становится положительное действие ацизола, который приводит к снижению выраженности структурно-функциональных изменений в канальцевом аппарате нефронов почек. В основе протективного действия ацизола, видимо, лежит его антигипоксическое действие, ослабляющее гипоксическое повреждение канальцев при действии металлов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE AIM of the study was to explore some of the pathogenic mechanisms of renal function disturbances during long-term administration of cadmium sulfate and preventive effects of Acyzol - an antihypoxant and antioxidant drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The work was carried out on 60 male Wistar rats, divided into three groups: intact; control with insolated cadmium sulfate administration at a dose of 0.1 mg / kg body weight; studied - with prophylactic Acyzol administration on the background of cadmium salts intake at the same dosage. The urine-generatory renal function, sodium and urea concentration in kidney tissue layers and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were studied. RESULTS. In animals with cadmium sulphate introduction the increase in the spontaneous six-hour urine output and sodium excretion, caused by reducing of water and cation reabsorption, marked proteinuria were observed. These changes correlated with the reduce in sodium and urea concentrations in all the layers of the kidneys, which also corresponded to the decrease in activity of the enzyme - Na+/K+-ATPase in kidney tissue layers. Acyzol injections to the animals on the background of cadmium intoxication led to the decrease of the severity of tubular reabsorption disorders, some recovery in activity of Na+/K+-ATPase, marked reduction of proteinuria. In the histological picture the differences between the groups with the isolated administration of cadmium salts and combined administration of cadmium sulfate and Acyzol were presented by the decrease of the severity of all pathological processes manifestations. The number of the tubules with preserved lumen was increased. CONCLUSION. Thus, the positive effect of Acyzol, which led to the decrease of the severity of the structural and functional changes in the renal nephrons tubular unit became evident. In the basis of Acyzol protective effect, obviously, lied its antihypoxic effect, which decreased the tubular hypoxic damage, caused by heavy metals</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжелые металлы</kwd><kwd>сульфат кадмия</kwd><kwd>токсическая нефропатия</kwd><kwd>антигипоксанты</kwd><kwd>ацизол</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>cadmium sulfate</kwd><kwd>toxic nephropathy</kwd><kwd>antihypoxants</kwd><kwd>Acyzol</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang T, Wang Q, Song R et al. Cadmium induced inhibition of autophagy is associated with microtubule disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 53:11-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang T, Wang Q, Song R et al. Cadmium induced inhibition of autophagy is associated with microtubule disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 53:11-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan XБ Jiang CXБ Xu H et al. Cadmium-induced apoptosis in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons culture is mediated by a calcium signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8(5):e64330</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan XБ Jiang CXБ Xu H et al. Cadmium-induced apoptosis in primary rat cerebral cortical neurons culture is mediated by a calcium signaling pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8(5):e64330</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinter TB, Stillman MJ. Kinetics of zinc and cadmium exchanges between metallothionein and carbonic anhydrase. Biochemistry 2015; 54(40):6284-6293</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinter TB, Stillman MJ. Kinetics of zinc and cadmium exchanges between metallothionein and carbonic anhydrase. Biochemistry 2015; 54(40):6284-6293</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merra E, Calzaretti G, Bobba A et al. Antioxidant role of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress in cadmium-intoxicated rats: different effect in spleen and testes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37(4):420-426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merra E, Calzaretti G, Bobba A et al. Antioxidant role of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress in cadmium-intoxicated rats: different effect in spleen and testes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37(4):420-426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cosic DD, Bulat ZP, Ninkovic M et al. Effect of subacute cadmium intoxication on iron and lipid peroxidation in mouse liver. Toxicol Lett 2007; 172: S209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosic DD, Bulat ZP, Ninkovic M et al. Effect of subacute cadmium intoxication on iron and lipid peroxidation in mouse liver. Toxicol Lett 2007; 172: S209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nazima B, Manoharan V, Miltonprabu S. Oxidative stress induced by cadmium in the plasma, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats: Attenuation by grape seed proanthocyanidins. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35(4): 428-447</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazima B, Manoharan V, Miltonprabu S. Oxidative stress induced by cadmium in the plasma, erythrocytes and lymphocytes of rats: Attenuation by grape seed proanthocyanidins. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35(4): 428-447</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брин ВБ, Кокаев РИ, Бабаниязов ХХ, Пронина НВ. Влияние ацизола на нефротоксическое действие соли кадмия у крыс. Кубанск науч мед вестн 2008; (5): 33-37</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брин ВБ, Кокаев РИ, Бабаниязов ХХ, Пронина НВ. Влияние ацизола на нефротоксическое действие соли кадмия у крыс. Кубанск науч мед вестн 2008; (5): 33-37</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mori H, Sasaki G, Nishikawa M, Hara M. Effects of subcytotoxic cadmium on morphology of glial fibrillary acidic protein network in astrocytes derived from murine neural stem/progenitor cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 40(2): 639-644</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mori H, Sasaki G, Nishikawa M, Hara M. Effects of subcytotoxic cadmium on morphology of glial fibrillary acidic protein network in astrocytes derived from murine neural stem/progenitor cells. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 40(2): 639-644</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee WK, Torchalski B, Thévenod F. Cadmium-induced ceramide formation triggers calpain-dependent apoptosis in cultured kidney proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293(3):839-847</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee WK, Torchalski B, Thévenod F. Cadmium-induced ceramide formation triggers calpain-dependent apoptosis in cultured kidney proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 293(3):839-847</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao H, Liu W, Wang Y et al. Cadmium induces apoptosis in primary rat osteoblasts through caspase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Vet Sci 2015; 16(3): 297-306</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao H, Liu W, Wang Y et al. Cadmium induces apoptosis in primary rat osteoblasts through caspase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Vet Sci 2015; 16(3): 297-306</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reyes JL, Molina-Jijon E, Rodrfguez-Mufioz R et al. Tight junction proteins and oxidative stress in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 730789</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reyes JL, Molina-Jijon E, Rodrfguez-Mufioz R et al. Tight junction proteins and oxidative stress in heavy metals-induced nephrotoxicity. Biomed Res Int 2013; 2013: 730789</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брин ВБ, Кокаев РИ, Бабаниязов ХХ, Пронина НВ. Возможности профилактики токсических эффектов кадмия металлокомплексом соли цинка - ацизолом. Вестн Нов Мед Техн 2008; 15 (4): 213-216</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брин ВБ, Кокаев РИ, Бабаниязов ХХ, Пронина НВ. Возможности профилактики токсических эффектов кадмия металлокомплексом соли цинка - ацизолом. Вестн Нов Мед Техн 2008; 15 (4): 213-216</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Брин ВБ, Бабаниязов ХХ, Кабисов ОТ и др. Влияние ацизола на показатели системной гемодинамики в условиях хронической свинцовой интоксикации. Вестн Нов Мед Техн 2008; 15 (3): 21-22</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Брин ВБ, Бабаниязов ХХ, Кабисов ОТ и др. Влияние ацизола на показатели системной гемодинамики в условиях хронической свинцовой интоксикации. Вестн Нов Мед Техн 2008; 15 (3): 21-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
