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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2022-26-4-31-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2158</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурно-функциональное состояние левых отделов сердца при хронической болезни почек С4-С5 стадий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural and Functional State of the Left Parts of the Heart in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage C4-C5</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-9279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркамилов</surname><given-names>И. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkamilov</surname><given-names>I. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муркамилов Илхом Торобекович, доц, канд. мед. наук, председатель правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек </p><p>кафедра факультетской терапии Кыргызской государственной медицинской академии имени И.К. Ахунбаева; старший преподаватель кафедры терапии №2 медицинского факультета Кыргызско-Российского славянского университета</p><p>720020 </p><p>ул. Ахунбаева, д. 92 </p><p>г. Бишкек,   </p><p>тел.: (312) 62-09-91 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilkhom T. Murkamilov, Associate Prof. MD, PhD</p><p>Department of faculty therapy of Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev; Senior lecturer of Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University; Chairman of the board of Chronic Kidney Disease specialists Society of Kyrgyzstan</p><p>720020</p><p>Akhunbaev Street 92</p><p>Bishkek </p><p>tel.: (312) 62-09-91</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">murkamilov.i@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-5800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабиров</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сабиров Ибрагим Самижонович, проф, д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой, член правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек Кыргызстана</p><p>кафедра терапии №2</p><p>720000</p><p>ул. Киевская, д. 44</p><p>г. Бишкек</p><p>тел.: +996555816842</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ibragim S. Sabirov, Prof., MD, PhD, Member of the Board of the Society of Chronic Kidney Disease Specialists of Kyrgyzstan</p><p>Department of Therapy No. 2 of the Medical Faculty</p><p>720000</p><p>Kiev, Street, 44</p><p>Bishkek </p><p>tel.: +996555816842</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sabirov_is@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-0433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркамилова</surname><given-names>Ж. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkamilova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муркамилова Жамила Абдилалимовна, аспирант</p><p>кафедра терапии №2 медицинского факультета</p><p>720000</p><p>ул. Киевская, д. 44</p><p>г. Бишкек</p><p>тел.: (+996) 552435009</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhamila A. Murkamilova, Graduate student</p><p>Department of Therapy No. 2 of the Medical Faculty</p><p>720000</p><p>Kiev, Street, 44</p><p>Bishkek</p><p>tel.: (+996) 552435009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">murkamilovazh.t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-4417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фомин Виктор Викторович, проф., д-р мед. наук, чл.-кор. РАН</p><p>зав. каф. факультетской терапии №1 Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского; проректор по клинической работе и дополнительному профессиональному образованию, ФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</p><p>119146</p><p>ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6</p><p>тел.: 8 (499) 248-62-22</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor V. Fomin, Prof., MD, PhD. Сorresponding member of RAS</p><p>Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy No.1 of the Sklifosovsky Institute; Vice-rector in clinical work and continuous professional education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State medical University (Sechenov University)</p><p>119146</p><p>6 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, Street 6. </p><p>Moscowtel.: +7 (499) 248-62-22</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fomin@mma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1854-8686</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астанин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astanin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Астанин Павел Андреевич</p><p>лаборатория семантического анализа медицинской информации</p><p>117321</p><p>Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1.</p><p>тел. +7-983-158-08-14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Astanin</p><p>Employee of the Medical information semantic analysis laboratory</p><p>117321</p><p>str. Ostrovityanova, 1</p><p>Moscow</p><p>tel. +7-983-158-08-14</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">med_cyber@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юсупов</surname><given-names>Ф. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yusupov</surname><given-names>F. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юсупов Фуркат Абдулахатович, проф, д-р мед. наук,  зав. каф., член  правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек Кыргызстана, главный невролог Южного региона </p><p>каф. неврологии, нейрохирургии и психиатрии медицинского факультета</p><p>714000</p><p>ул. Ленина, д. 331</p><p>г. Ош</p><p>тел.: (+996) 557202071</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Furkat A. Yusupov, Prof., MD, PhD, Head of the Department of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry of medicinal faculty; Board member of Chronic Kidney Disease specialists Society of Kyrgyzstan; Chief neurologist of Southern region of Kyrgyzstan</p><p>714000</p><p>Lenin Street, 331</p><p>Osh</p><p>tel.: (+996) 557202071</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">furcat_y@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени И.К. Ахунбаева; Кыргызско-Российский славянский университет</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbaev; Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кыргызско-Российский славянский университет</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sklifosovsky Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет &#13;
имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ошский государственный университет</institution><country>Кыргызстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Osh State University</institution><country>Kyrgyzstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муркамилов И.Т., Сабиров И.С., Муркамилова Ж.А., Фомин В.В., Астанин П.А., Юсупов Ф.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муркамилов И.Т., Сабиров И.С., Муркамилова Ж.А., Фомин В.В., Астанин П.А., Юсупов Ф.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Murkamilov I.T., Sabirov I.S., Murkamilova Z.A., Fomin V.V., Astanin P.A., Yusupov F.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2158">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2158</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ: анализ состояния левых отделов сердца у больных с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП) на С4 и С5 стадиях заболевания, не получающих заместительную почечную терапию. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Обследованы 123 мужчины и 81 женщина в возрасте от 16 до 74 лет с ХБП С4-С5 не получающих заместительную почечную терапию. Пациентам проводили общеклиническое обследование, электро- и эхокардиографию. Экскреторную функцию почек оценивали по формуле CKD-EPI. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Среди обследованных пациентов избыточную массу тела выявили у 35 (28,4 %) мужчин и 22 (27,1 %) женщин. Артериальную гипертензию (АГ) фиксировали у 92 (74,7 %) мужчин и 58 (71,6 %) женщин. Повышение содержание С-реактивного белка в сыворотке крови отмечалось у 28 мужчин (22,7 %) и у 19 женщин (23,4 %). У 88,6 % мужчин и 91,3 % женщин выявляли признаки анемии. Среди обследованных мужчин и женщин дефицит железа наблюдали в 17,8 и 18,5 %, соответственно. Гиперхолестеринемию выявляли у 25,2 % мужчин и 23,4 % женщин. Нефротическая протеинурия существенно чаще встречалась среди лиц мужского пола по сравнению с женщинами (21,1 и 14,8 %, p&lt;0,05). Распространенность гиперурикемии была существенно больше у обследованных женщин, чем у мужчин (41,9 и 18,6 %, соотвтетственно, p&lt;0,05). Нарушение проводимости и/или возбудимости сердца достоверно чаще регистрировались среди пациентов женского пола по сравнению с мужчинами (9,8 и 4,8 %, p&lt;0,05). Признаки субэндокардиального или субэпикардиального повреждения миокарда выявили у 2,4 % мужчин и 4,9 % – у женщин. Увеличение размера левого предсердия существенно чаще регистрировали у мужчин (25,2 %) в сравнении с женщинами (16,0 %, p&lt;0,05). Снижение фракции выброса левого желудочка (ЛЖ) фиксировали в 8,9 % случаев у мужчин и 6,1 % – у женщин. У мужчин отмечалось статистически значимое увеличение размер ЛП (р&lt;0,05) по сравнению с пациентами женского пола. В подгруппе лиц мужского пола конечный систолический и диастолический размеры, значения толщины стенок ЛЖ, а также индекс массы миокарда ЛЖ (ИММЛЖ) были значимо выше (р&lt;0,05) в сравнении с больными женского пола. В исследуемых подгруппах мужчин и женщин наиболее распространенным типом структурной перестройки ЛЖ оказалась эксцентрическая гипертрофия ЛЖ (69,9 и 74,1 % соответственно), а концентрическая гипертрофия ЛЖ в 1-й и во 2-й подгруппах выявлялась в 30,1 и 25,9 % случаев соответственно. В подгруппе мужчин на величину ИММЛЖ статистически значимое влияние оказывали уровень систолического артериального давление (АД) (R2=24 %, β =0,449, p=0,003) и концентрация гемоглобина (Hb) (R2=24 %, β – 0,310, p=0,003). У пациентов женского пола на показатель ИММЛЖ значимо оказывали влияние уровень диастолического АД (R2=49 %, β =0,364, p=0,001) и концентрация Hb (R2=49 %, β = –0,315, p=0,001). ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. У пациентов с ХБП на С4 и С5 стадиях заболевания структурно-функциональные изменения сердца ассоциируется с АГ, анемией, гиперурикемией и нефротической протеинурией. Изменение геометрии ЛЖ в основном представлено эксцентрическим типом гипертрофии. Более выраженная структурная перестройка левых отделов сердца отмечается у лиц мужского пола. Существенное влияние на развитие гипертрофии ЛЖ оказывает уровень систолического АД у мужчин и диастолического АД у женщин. Независимым от половой принадлежности фактором, оказывающим значимое влияние на величину ИММЛЖ, являлась концентрация Hb. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE AIM: to analyze the state of the left heart in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at stages C4 and C5 of the disease who do not receive renal replacement therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 123 men and 81 women aged 16 to 74 years with CKD C4-C5 not receiving renal replacement therapy were examined. Patients underwent general clinical examination, electro- and echocardiography. The excretory function of the kidneys was evaluated by the formula CKD-EPI. results. Among the examined patients, 35 (28.4 %) men and 22 (27.1 %) women were found to be overweight. Arterial hypertension (AH) was recorded in 92 (74.7 %) men and 58 (71.6 %) women. An increase in the content of C-reactive protein in blood serum was observed in 28 men (22.7 %) and 19 women (23.4 %). 88.6 % of men and 91.3 % of women showed signs of anemia. Among the surveyed men and women, iron deficiency was observed in 17.8 and 18.5 %, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia was detected in 25.2 % of men and 23.4 % of women. Nephrotic proteinuria was significantly more common among males compared to women (21.1 % and 14.8 %, p&lt;0.05). The prevalence of hyperuricemia was significantly higher in the examined women than in men (41.9 and 18.6 %, respectively, p&lt;0.05). Cardiac conduction and/or excitability disorders were significantly more frequently reported among female patients compared to men (9.8 % and 4.8 %, p&lt;0.05). Signs of subendocardial or subepicardial myocardial damage were detected in 2.4 % of men and 4.9 % of women. An increase in the size of the left atrium was significantly more often recorded in men (25.2 %) compared with women (16.0 %, p&lt;0.05). A decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LV) was recorded in 8.9 % of cases in men and 6.1 % in women. Men had a statistically significant increase in LP size (p&lt;0.05) compared to female patients. In the subgroup of males, the final systolic and diastolic dimensions, LV wall thickness values, and LV myocardial mass index (LVMMI) were significantly higher (p&lt;0.05) compared with female patients. In the studied subgroups of men and women, the most common type of LV structural adjustment was eccentric LV hypertrophy (69.9 % and 74.1 %, respectively), and concentric LV hypertrophy in the 1st and 2nd subgroups was detected in 30.1 % and 25.9 % of cases, respectively. In the subgroup of men, the level of systolic blood pressure (BP) (R2=24 %, β=0.449, p=0.003) and the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) (R2=24 %, β = – 0.310, p=0.003) had a statistically significant effect on the value of LVH. In female patients, the level of diastolic blood pressure (R2=49 %, β=0.364, p=0.001) and the concentration of g (R2=49 %, β = –0.315, p=0.001) significantly influenced the LVMMI index. CONCLUSION. In patients with CKD at stages C4 and C5 of the disease, structural and functional changes of the heart are associated with hypertension, anemia, hyperuricemia and nephrotic proteinuria. The change in LV geometry is mainly represented by an eccentric type of hypertrophy. A more pronounced structural restructuring of the left parts of the heart is observed in males. The level of systolic blood pressure in men and diastolic blood pressure in women has a significant impact on the development of LV hypertrophy. The Hb concentration was a factor independent of gender, which had a significant effect on the value of LVMMI. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>преддиализ</kwd><kwd>ремоделирование сердца</kwd><kwd>половые различия</kwd><kwd>артериальное давление</kwd><kwd>анемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>predialysis</kwd><kwd>heart remodeling</kwd><kwd>gender differences</kwd><kwd>blood pressure</kwd><kwd>anemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ. Кардиоренальный континуум: патогенетические основы превентивной нефрологии. Нефрология 2005;9(3):7–15. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2005-9-3-7-15</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnov AV, Dobronravov VA, Kayukov IG. 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