nefrНефрологияNephrology (Saint-Petersburg)1561-62742541-9439Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University10.36485/1561-6274-2023-27-1-48-60nefr-2196Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ (КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)ORIGINAL ARTICLES (CLINICAL STUDIES AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIESСеламерекс: практика применения в регионе и перспективы оптимизации терапииSelamerex: regional real-world practice and perspective of therapy optimisationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-7766ЯгуповаТ. А.YagupovaT. A.

Татьяна Анатольевна Ягупова, заведующая отделением, главный внештатный нефролог МЗ Республики Коми

отделение нефрологии

1670004

ул. Пушкина, д. 114

Республика Коми

Сыктывкар

Тел.: +72128646185

Tatyana A. Yagupova, MD

Nephrology unit

1670004

Pushkin st., 114

Komi Republic

Syktyvkar

Tel.: +72128646185

yagupovata@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1595-7692КурочкинаО. Н.KurochkinaO. N.

Ольга Николаевна Курочкина, проф.,  д-р мед. наук

медицинский институт

кафедра терапии

167001

Октябрьский пр., д. 55

Республика Коми

Сыктывкар

тел.: 890496103410

Olga N. Kurochkina, Prof., MD, PhD, DMedSci

Medical Institute

Department of Therapy

167001

Oktyabrsky pr., 55

Komi Republic

Syktyvkar

Phone: 8 90496103410

olga_kgma@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4738-4780МинченковаО. А.MinchenkovaO. A.

Ольга Александровна Минченкова, заведующая отделением

отделение диализа

167001

ул. Коммунистическая, д. 48/2

Республика Коми

Сыктывкар

тел.: 88212302563

Olga A. Minchenkova, MD, head of the department

dialysis unit

167001

Kommunisticheskaya st., 48/2

Komi Republic

Syktyvkar

ol_min.arx@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8801-8886СевальневаЮ. И.SevalnevaYu. I.

Юлия Ивановна Севальнева, заведующая отделением, врач-нефролог

отделение нефрологии и гемодиализа

167016

ул. Морозова, д. 47/2

Республика Коми

Сыктывкар

тел.: +79041008047

Yulia I. Sevalneva, MD, head of the department, nephrologist

unit of nephrology and hemodialysis

167016

Morozov str., 47/2

Komi Republic

Syktyvkar

Phone: +79041008047

y.i.sevalneva@nefrosovet.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9817-6941БубноваП. А.BubnovaP. A.

Полина Александровна Бубнова

медицинский институт

167005

Печорская, д. 4, кв. 85

Республика Коми

Сыктывкар

тел.: 89087199993

Polina A. Bubnova, MD

167005

Pechorskaya, build 4

Komi Republic

Syktyvkar

Phone: 89087199993

bubnova-polina@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-9584СоколовА. В.SokolovA. V.

Анатолий Витальевич Соколов

медицинский институт

167001

д. 35

Республика Коми

Сыктывкар

тел.: 89965904322

Anatoly V. Sokolov, MD

167001

St Kommunisticheskaya, build 35

Komi Republic

Syktyvkar

Phone: 89965903422

sheldonthesupermann@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-4711ВишневскийК. А.VishnevskiiK. A.

Константин Александрович Вишневский

кафедра внутренних болезней, клинической фармакологии и нефрологии

Санкт-Петербург

Konstantin A. Vishnevskii

Internal diseases, clinical pharmacology and nephrology department

Saint-Petersburg

vishnevskii2022@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1903-2630СадовскаяД. С.SadovskayaD. S.

Садовская Дарья Сергеевна, аспирант

кафедра внутренних болезней, клинической фармакологии и нефрологии

191015

ул. Кирочная, д. 41

Санкт-Петербург

тел.: +7 931 980-82-49

Sadovskaya Daria Sergeevna, MD

clinical pharmacology and nephrology department

191015

Kirochnaya str., 41

St.-Petersburg

dssadovskaya@gmail.comКоми республиканская клиническая больницаРоссияKomi Republican Clinical HospitalRussian FederationСыктывкарский государственный университет им. Питирима СорокинаРоссияPitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State UniversityRussian Federation«Фесфарм-Коми»Россия“Fespharm-Komi”Russian Federation«Нефросовет»Россия"Nephrosovet"Russian FederationСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. МечниковаРоссияNorth-Western State medical university named after I. I.MechnikovRussian FederationСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. МечниковаРоссияNorth-Western State medical university named after I. I. Mechnikov Internal diseasesRussian Federation2023070320232714860Copyright © Ягупова Т.А., Курочкина О.Н., Минченкова О.А., Севальнева Ю.И., Бубнова П.А., Соколов А.В., Вишневский К.А., Садовская Д.С., 20232023Ягупова Т.А., Курочкина О.Н., Минченкова О.А., Севальнева Ю.И., Бубнова П.А., Соколов А.В., Вишневский К.А., Садовская Д.С.Yagupova T.A., Kurochkina O.N., Minchenkova O.A., Sevalneva Y.I., Bubnova P.A., Sokolov A.V., Vishnevskii K.A., Sadovskaya D.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2196   ВВЕДЕНИЕ

   ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Гиперфосфатемия при ХБП широко распространена, является независимым фактором смертности на всех стадиях ХБП, после трансплантации, снижает эффективность нефропротекции, ведет к сосудистой кальцификации, стимулирует гиперпаратиреоз. Достижение целевой фосфатемии – трудная задача и строится на сочетании гипофосфатной диеты, эффективного диализа, борьбы с гиперпаратиреозом и назначения фосфат-связывающихпрепаратов (ФСП).

   ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

   ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Целью является оценка эффективности терапии севеламером в реальной клинической практике в составе гипофосфатемической стратегии с уточнением условий и мер, при которых она максимальна.

   ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ

   ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В восьмимесячное исследование в регионе, где отсутствуют ограничения по доступу к бескальциевым ФСП, после периода «отмывки» включены 127 пациентов: титруется доза севеламера до достижения фосфатемии ниже 1,58 ммоль/л параллельно с индивидуальными мероприятиями в рамках четырехкомпонентной гипофосфатемической стратегии.

   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

   РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. От стартовой дозы в 3–6 таблеток/сут у 38 пациентовпроизошло её повышение (+ 1016 ± 760 мг), у 28 пациентов – снижение (– 1427 ± 1059 мг). К третьему месяцу терапии доля пациентов с фосфатемией < 1,58 ммоль/л достигла 70 %, < 1,78 ммоль/л – 90 %. Величина снижения зависела от исходной фосфатемии, уровня ПТГ (максимальна в диапазоне 150–600 пг/мл), медленнее происходит у мужчин. В ходе терапии произошло снижение потребности в антигиперпаратиреоидной терапии при отсутствии динамики в уровне паратгормона. В моделях множественного регрессионного анализа независимыми факторами, связанными с фосфатемией на фоне лечения, были доза севеламера, доза диализа, исходный уровень фосфатов и паратгормона; величина снижения фосфатемии независимо была связана с дозой севеламера, дозой диализа, исходным уровнем паратгормона, оценкой податливости лечению.

   ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

   ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Севеламер в умеренной хорошо переносимой дозе всоставе индивидуализированной стратегии коррекции гиперфосфатемии способен обеспечить достижение целевой фосфатемии (< 1,58 ммоль/л) в 70 % случаев, относительно безопасного уровня (< 1,78 ммоль/л) – в 90 %.

 

 

Перенести в английский вариант

   BACKGROUND

   BACKGROUND. Hyperphosphatemia in CKD is spread widely, represents as independent factor of mortality at all stages of CKD, after transplantation, reduces the effectiveness of nephroprotection, leads to vascular calcification, stimulates hyperparathyroidism. Achieving the phosphatemia target is a difficult task and is based on a combination of a hypophosphate diet, effective dialysis, the antihyperparathyroidic measures and the phosphate-binders (PBs).

   THE AIM

   THE AIM. The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of sevelamertherapy in real clinical practice as part of a hypophosphatemic strategy with clarification of the conditions and measures under which it is optimal.

   PATIENTS AND METHODS

   PATIENTS AND METHODS. In an eight-month study in a region where there are no restrictions on access to calcium-free PBs, 127 patients were included in the study after the "washing period ": the of sevelamer doses were titrated until phosphatemia reaches below 1.58 mmol/l in parallel with individual measures of four-component hypophosphatemic strategy.

   RESULTS

   RESULTS. From the starting dose of 3-6 tablets/day, 38 patients experienced either dose increase (+ 1016 ± 760 mg) or in 28 patients– decrease (- 1427 ± 1059 mg). By the third month of therapy, the proportion of patients with phosphatemia < 1.58 mmol/l reached 70 %, < 1.78 mmol/l – 90 %. The decrease magnitude depended on the initial phosphatemia, the level of PTH (maximum in the range of 150-600 pg/ml), occurs more slowly in men. During therapy, there was a decrease in the need for antihyperparathyroid therapy in the absence of dynamics in the parathyroid hormone level. In multiple regression analysis models, the independent factors associated with phosphatemia during treatment were sevelamer dose, dialysis dose, baseline phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels; the magnitude of phosphatemia reduction was independently associated with sevelamer dose, dialysis dose, baseline parathyroid hormone level, and assessment of treatment compliance.

   CONCLUSION

   CONCLUSION. Sevelamer in a moderate well–tolerated doses as part of an individualized hyperphosphatemia correction strategy is able to achieve target phosphatemia (< 1.58 mmol/L) in 70 % of cases, and relatively safe level (< 1.78 mmol/L) – in 90 %.

фосфат-связывающие препаратысевеламергиперфосфатемиягиперпаратиреозphosphate-binderssevelamerhyperphosphatemiahyperparathyroidismReferencesЗемченков А. Ю. Темпы прогрессирования хронической болезни почек по данным Санкт-Петербургского городского регистра ХБП / А. Ю. Земченков, И. Н. Конакова // Нефрология и диализ. – 2015. – 17 (1): 34–51Zemchenkov A. Yu., Konakova I. N. The chronic kidney disease progression rates according to St.-Petersburg CKD register. Nephrology and Dialysis 2015; 17 (1): 34–51 (in Russ.)Chartsrisak K., Vipattawat K., Assanatham K. et al. Mineral metabolism and outcomes in chronic kidney disease stage 2-4 patients. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14: 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-14Chartsrisak K., Vipattawat K., Assanatham K. et al. Mineral metabolism and outcomes in chronic kidney disease stage 2-4 patients. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14: 14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-14Rivara M. B., Ravel V., Kalantar-Zadeh K. et al. Uncorrected and albumin-corrected calcium, phosphorus, and mortality in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26 (7): 1671–1681. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014050472Rivara M. B., Ravel V., Kalantar-Zadeh K. et al. Uncorrected and albumin-corrected calcium, phosphorus, and mortality in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26 (7): 1671–1681. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2014050472Connolly G. M., Cunningham R., McNamee P. T. et al. Elevated serum phosphate predicts mortality in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2009; 87 (7): 1040–1044. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31819cd122Connolly G. M., Cunningham R., McNamee P. T. et al. Elevated serum phosphate predicts mortality in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation 2009; 87 (7): 1040–1044. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e31819cd122Zoccali C., Ruggenenti P., Pernaet A. et al. Phosphate may promote CKD progression and attenuate renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22 (10): 1923–1930. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011020175Zoccali C., Ruggenenti P., Pernaet A. et al. Phosphate may promote CKD progression and attenuate renoprotective effect of ACE inhibition. J Am Soc Nephrol 2011; 22 (10): 1923–1930. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2011020175Shimamoto S., Yamada S., Hiyamuta H. et al. Association of serum phosphate concentration with the incidence of intervention for peripheral artery disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis: 10-year outcomes of the Q-Cohort Study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 304: 22–29. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.022Shimamoto S., Yamada S., Hiyamuta H. et al. Association of serum phosphate concentration with the incidence of intervention for peripheral artery disease in patients undergoing hemodialysis: 10-year outcomes of the Q-Cohort Study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 304: 22–29. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.04.022Moon J. Y., Lee Н. M., Lee S. H. et al. Hyperphosphatemia is associated with patency loss of arteriovenous fistula after 1 year of hemodialysis. Kidney Res. Clin Pract 2015; 34 (1): 41–46. doi: 10.1016/j.krcp.2015.02.001Moon J. Y., Lee Н. M., Lee S. H. et al. Hyperphosphatemia is associated with patency loss of arteriovenous fistula after 1 year of hemodialysis. Kidney Res. Clin Pract 2015; 34 (1): 41–46. doi: 10.1016/j.krcp.2015.02.001Ix J. H., De Boer I. H., Peralta C. A. et al. Serum phosphorus concentrations and arterial stiffness among individuals with normal kidney function to moderate kidney disease in MESA. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4 (3): 609–615. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04100808Ix J. H., De Boer I. H., Peralta C. A. et al. Serum phosphorus concentrations and arterial stiffness among individuals with normal kidney function to moderate kidney disease in MESA. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4 (3): 609–615. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04100808Adeney K. L., Siscovick D. S., Ix J. H. et al. Association of serum phosphate with vascular and valvular calcification in moderate CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20 (2): 381–387. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008040349Adeney K. L., Siscovick D. S., Ix J. H. et al. Association of serum phosphate with vascular and valvular calcification in moderate CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20 (2): 381–387. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008040349Tsai W. C., Wu H. Y., Chiu Y. L. et al. Acute effects of dietary phosphorus intake on markers of mineral metabolism in hemodialysis patients: post hoc analysis of a randomized crossover trial. Ren Fail 2021; 43 (1): 141–148. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2020.1870138Tsai W. C., Wu H. Y., Chiu Y. L. et al. Acute effects of dietary phosphorus intake on markers of mineral metabolism in hemodialysis patients: post hoc analysis of a randomized crossover trial. Ren Fail 2021; 43 (1): 141–148. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2020.1870138Isaka Y., Hamano T., Fujii H. et al. Optimal phosphate control related to coronary artery calcification in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32 (3): 723–735. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020050598Isaka Y., Hamano T., Fujii H. et al. Optimal phosphate control related to coronary artery calcification in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32 (3): 723–735. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020050598Drueke T. В., Massy Z. A. Lowering expectations with niacin treatment for CKD-MBD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13 (1): 6–8. doi: 10.2215/CJN.12021017Drueke T. В., Massy Z. A. Lowering expectations with niacin treatment for CKD-MBD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13 (1): 6–8. doi: 10.2215/CJN.12021017Saglimbene V. M., Su G., Wong G. et al. Dietary intake in adults on hemodialysis compared with guideline recommendations. J Nephrol 2021; 34 (6): 1999–2007. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00962-3Saglimbene V. M., Su G., Wong G. et al. Dietary intake in adults on hemodialysis compared with guideline recommendations. J Nephrol 2021; 34 (6): 1999–2007. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00962-3Kalantar-Zadeh K., Gutekunst L., Mehrotra R. et al. Understanding sources of dietary phosphorus in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5 (3): 519–530. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06080809Kalantar-Zadeh K., Gutekunst L., Mehrotra R. et al. Understanding sources of dietary phosphorus in the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5 (3): 519–530. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06080809Leypoldt J. K., Storr M., Agar B. U. et al. Intradialytic kinetics of middle molecules during hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34 (5): 870–877. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30307514/Leypoldt J. K., Storr M., Agar B. U. et al. Intradialytic kinetics of middle molecules during hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34 (5): 870–877. doi: URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30307514/Румянцев А. Ш. К вопросу о перспективах обновления клинических рекомендаций по гемодиализу / А. Ш. Румянцев, Г. А. Земченков, А. Б. Сабодаш // Нефрология. –2019. – 23 (2): 49–76. doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-2-49-76Rumyantsev A., Zemchenkov G. A., Sabodash A. B. To the question about the prospective for the updates of clinical guidelines for hemodialysis. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2019; 23 (2): 49–76 (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-2-49-76Jamal S. A., Vandermeer B., Raggi P. et al. Effect of calciumbased versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2013; 382 (9900): 1268–1277. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60897-1Jamal S. A., Vandermeer B., Raggi P. et al. Effect of calciumbased versus non-calcium-based phosphate binders on mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2013; 382 (9900): 1268–1277. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60897-1Patel L., Bernard L. M., Elder G. J. Sevelamer Versus Calcium-Based Binders for Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia in CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11 (2): 232–244. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06800615Patel L., Bernard L. M., Elder G. J. Sevelamer Versus Calcium-Based Binders for Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia in CKD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11 (2): 232–244. doi: 10.2215/CJN.06800615Ruospo M., Palmer S. C., Natale P. et al. Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8 (8): CD006023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006023.pub3Ruospo M., Palmer S. C., Natale P. et al. Phosphate binders for preventing and treating chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 8 (8): CD006023. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006023.pub3Phannajit J., Wonghakaeo N., Takkavatakarn K. et al. The impact of phosphate lowering agents on clinical and laboratory outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nephrol 2022; 35 (2): 473–491. doi: 10.1007/s40620-021-01065-3Phannajit J., Wonghakaeo N., Takkavatakarn K. et al. The impact of phosphate lowering agents on clinical and laboratory outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Nephrol 2022; 35 (2): 473–491. doi: 10.1007/s40620-021-01065-3Cannata-Andía J. B., Fernández-Martín J. L., Locatelli F. et al. Use of phosphate-binding agents is associated with a lower risk of mortality. Kidney Int 2013; 84 (5): 998–1008. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.185Cannata-Andía J. B., Fernández-Martín J. L., Locatelli F. et al. Use of phosphate-binding agents is associated with a lower risk of mortality. Kidney Int 2013; 84 (5): 998–1008. doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.185Земченков А. Ю. Эффективность севеламера в реальной практике: опыт в Санкт-Петербурге / А. Ю. Земченков [и др.] // Нефрология и диализ. – 2021. – 23 (1): 73–82. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2021-1-73-82Zemchenkov A. Yu., Gerassimchuk R. P., Omelchenko A. M., Bakulin I. G. Sevelamer efficiency in real practice: the Saint-Petersburg experience. Nephrology and Dialуsis 2021; 23 (1): 73–82. (in Russ.) doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2021-1-73-82Covic A. C., Sprague S. M., Rastogi A. et al. Characteristics of Patients Who Achieve Serum Phosphorus Control on Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide or Sevelamer Carbonate: A post hoc Analysis of a Phase 3 Study. Nephron 2020; 144 (9): 428–439. doi: 10.1159/000507258Covic A. C., Sprague S. M., Rastogi A. et al. Characteristics of Patients Who Achieve Serum Phosphorus Control on Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide or Sevelamer Carbonate: A post hoc Analysis of a Phase 3 Study. Nephron 2020; 144 (9): 428–439. doi: 10.1159/000507258Ketteler M., Sprague S. M., Covic A. C. et al. Effects of sucroferric oxyhydroxide and sevelamer carbonate on chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder parameters in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34 (7): 1163–1170. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy127Ketteler M., Sprague S. M., Covic A. C. et al. Effects of sucroferric oxyhydroxide and sevelamer carbonate on chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder parameters in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 34 (7): 1163–1170. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy127Зулькарнаев А. Б. «Подводные камни» статистического анализа и клинической интерпретации полученных оценок на примере пациентов с хронической болезнью почек. Часть I: Оценка риска / А. Б. Зулькарнаев // Нефрология и диализ. – 2019. – 21 (4): 419–429. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2019-4-419-429Zulkarnaev A. B. Pitfalls of statistical analysis and clinical interpretation of the estimates in patients with chronic kidney disease Part I: Risk assessment. Nephrology and Dialysis 2019; 21 (4): 419–429. (In Rus.)Bover J., Cozzolino M. Small steps towards the potential of 'preventive' treatment of early phosphate loading in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J 2019; 12 (5): 673–677. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfz082Bover J., Cozzolino M. Small steps towards the potential of 'preventive' treatment of early phosphate loading in chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J 2019; 12 (5): 673–677. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfz082Díaz-De la Cruz E. N., Cerrillos-Gutiérrez J. I., García-Sánchez A. et al. The Influence of Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Calcium Carbonate on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis at Six Months of Follow-Up. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8: 714205. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.714205Díaz-De la Cruz E. N., Cerrillos-Gutiérrez J. I., García-Sánchez A. et al. The Influence of Sevelamer Hydrochloride and Calcium Carbonate on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Hemodialysis at Six Months of Follow-Up. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8: 714205. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.714205Smith E. R., Pan F. F. M., Hewitson T. D. et al. Effect of Sevelamer on Calciprotein Particles in Hemodialysis Patients: The Sevelamer Versus Calcium to Reduce Fetuin-A-Containing Calciprotein Particles in Dialysis (SCaRF) Randomized Controlled Trial. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5 (9): 1432–1447. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.06.014Smith E. R., Pan F. F. M., Hewitson T. D. et al. Effect of Sevelamer on Calciprotein Particles in Hemodialysis Patients: The Sevelamer Versus Calcium to Reduce Fetuin-A-Containing Calciprotein Particles in Dialysis (SCaRF) Randomized Controlled Trial. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5 (9): 1432–1447. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.06.014Brønden A., Hansen M., Sonne D. P., Rohde U., Vilsbøll T., Knop F. K. Sevelamer in a diabetologist's perspective: a phosphatebinding resin with glucose-lowering potential. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 (2): 116–120. doi: 10.1111/dom.12355Brønden A., Hansen M., Sonne D. P., Rohde U., Vilsbøll T., Knop F. K. Sevelamer in a diabetologist's perspective: a phosphatebinding resin with glucose-lowering potential. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 (2): 116–120. doi: 10.1111/dom.12355Mason D. L., Godugu K., Nnani D., Mousa S. A. Effects of sevelamer carbonate versus calcium acetate on vascular calcification, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15 (2): 353–360. doi: 10.1111/cts.13151Mason D. L., Godugu K., Nnani D., Mousa S. A. Effects of sevelamer carbonate versus calcium acetate on vascular calcification, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15 (2): 353–360. doi: 10.1111/cts.13151Biruete A., Hill Gallant K. M., Lindemann S. R. et al. Phosphate Binders and Nonphosphate Effects in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J Ren Nutr 2020; 30 (1): 4–10. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.01.004Biruete A., Hill Gallant K. M., Lindemann S. R. et al. Phosphate Binders and Nonphosphate Effects in the Gastrointestinal Tract. J Ren Nutr 2020; 30 (1): 4–10. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2019.01.004Milazi M., Douglas C., Bonner A. A bundled phosphate control intervention (4Ds) for adults with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis: A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77 (3): 1345–1356. doi: 10.1111/jan.14700Milazi M., Douglas C., Bonner A. A bundled phosphate control intervention (4Ds) for adults with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis: A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Adv Nurs 2021; 77 (3): 1345–1356. doi: 10.1111/jan.14700Coyne D. W., Sprague S. M., Vervloet M. et al. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide for hyperphosphatemia: a review of real-world evidence. J Nephrol 2022; 35 (3): 875–888. doi: 10.1007/s40620-021-01241-5Coyne D. W., Sprague S. M., Vervloet M. et al. Sucroferric oxyhydroxide for hyperphosphatemia: a review of real-world evidence. J Nephrol 2022; 35 (3): 875–888. doi: 10.1007/s40620-021-01241-5Floege J., Covic A. C., Ketteler M. et al; PA21 Study Group. A phase III study of the efficacy and safety of a novel iron-based phosphate binder in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2014; 86 (3): 638–647. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.58Floege J., Covic A. C., Ketteler M. et al; PA21 Study Group. A phase III study of the efficacy and safety of a novel iron-based phosphate binder in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 2014; 86 (3): 638–647. doi: 10.1038/ki.2014.58Wald R., Thorpe K. E., Walsh M. W. Leveraging pragmatic clinical trial design to advance phosphate management in end-stage renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2019; 28 (1): 34–39. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000460Wald R., Thorpe K. E., Walsh M. W. Leveraging pragmatic clinical trial design to advance phosphate management in end-stage renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2019; 28 (1): 34–39. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000460Edmonston D. L., Isakova T., Dember L. M. et al. Design and Rationale of HiLo: A Pragmatic, Randomized Trial of Phosphate Management for Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 77 (6): 920–930.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.008Edmonston D. L., Isakova T., Dember L. M. et al. Design and Rationale of HiLo: A Pragmatic, Randomized Trial of Phosphate Management for Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 77 (6): 920–930.e1. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.008Rodríguez-Osorio L., Zambrano D. P., Gracia-Iguacel C. et al. Use of sevelamer in chronic kidney disease: beyond phosphorus control. Nefrologia 2015; 35 (2): 207–217. doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.05.022Rodríguez-Osorio L., Zambrano D. P., Gracia-Iguacel C. et al. Use of sevelamer in chronic kidney disease: beyond phosphorus control. Nefrologia 2015; 35 (2): 207–217. doi: 10.1016/j.nefro.2015.05.022Nagano N., Fukushima T., Shikata R., Ando T., Tsutsui T., Ogawa T., Ito K. Impact of phosphate binders on medication dosing frequency, timing, and number of prescribed pills in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.13813. Epub ahead of print.Nagano N., Fukushima T., Shikata R., Ando T., Tsutsui T., Ogawa T., Ito K. Impact of phosphate binders on medication dosing frequency, timing, and number of prescribed pills in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 2022 Feb 9. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.13813. Epub ahead of print.Fishbane S., Delmez J., Suki W. N. et al. A randomized, parallel, open-label study to compare once-daily sevelamer carbonate powder dosing with thrice-daily sevelamer hydrochloride tablet dosing in CKD patients on hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 55 (2): 307–315. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.10.051Fishbane S., Delmez J., Suki W. N. et al. A randomized, parallel, open-label study to compare once-daily sevelamer carbonate powder dosing with thrice-daily sevelamer hydrochloride tablet dosing in CKD patients on hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 55 (2): 307–315. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.10.051Fan S., Ross C., Mitra S. et al. A randomized, crossover design study of sevelamer carbonate powder and sevelamer hydrochloride tablets in chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24 (12): 3794–3799. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp372Fan S., Ross C., Mitra S. et al. A randomized, crossover design study of sevelamer carbonate powder and sevelamer hydrochloride tablets in chronic kidney disease patients on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009; 24 (12): 3794–3799. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp372

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.