nefrНефрологияNephrology (Saint-Petersburg)1561-62742541-9439Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University10.36485/1561-6274-2023-27-4-22-33RGNTEYnefr-2265Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESНейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки (НВЛ) при заболеваниях почек: роль в патогенезе и возможности НВЛ-регулирующей терапииNeutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Possibilities of NET Regulatory Therapyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-039XАйтбаевК. А.AitbaevK. A.

Профессор Айтбаев Кубаныч Авенович - доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отдела патологической физиологии. Член правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек Кыргызстана.

72 0040, г. Бишкек, ул. Т. Молдо, д. 3. Тел.: (312) 66-25-13

Prof. Kubanych A. Aitbaev - MD, PhD, DMedSci. Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine at the National Center for Cardiology and Therapy named after academician Mirsaid Mirrakhimov, Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology. Member of the Board of the Society of Chronic Kidney Disease Specialists of Kyrgyzstan.

720040, Bishkek, T. Moldo, Street, 3, Phone: (312) 66-25-13

kaitbaev@yahoo.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-9279МуркамиловИ. Т.MurkamilovI. T.

Доцент Муркамилов Илхом Торобекович - кандидат медицинских наук Кыргызстан, исполняющий обязанности доцента кафедры факультетской терапии Кыргызской ГМА имени И.К. Ахунбаева; старший преподаватель кафедры терапии №2 медицинского факультета Кыргызско-Российского славянского университета. Председатель правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек Кыргызстана.

720020, г. Бишкек, ул. Ахунбаева, д. 92. Тел.: (312) 62-09-91

Associate professor Ilkhom T. Murkamilov - MD, PhD, acting associate professor of the Department of faculty therapy, Senior lecturer of Kyrgyz-Russian SU. Chairman of the board of Chronic Kidney Disease specialists Society of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyzstan, 720020, Bishkek, Akhunbaev Street, 92, Phone: (312) 62-09-91

murkamilov.i@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-4417ФоминВ. В.FominV. V.

Чл.-кор. РАН Фомин Виктор Викторович - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой факультетской терапии №1 Института клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского, проректор по клинической работе и дополнительному профессиональному образованию, ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет).

119146, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 6, Тел.: 8 (499) 248-62-22

Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Viktor V. Fomin - MD, PhD, DMedSci, Head of the Department of Faculty Therapy No.1 of the Sklifosovsky Institute, Vice-rector in clinical work and continuous professional education, I.M. Sechenov First MSMU (Sechenov University).

119146, Moscow, 6 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, Street 6. Phone: +7 (499) 248-62-22

fomin@mma.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-0433МуркамиловаЖ. А.MurkamilovaZh. A.

Муркамилова Жамила Абдилалимовна - заочный аспирант Кыргызстан, кафедра терапии №2 медицинского факультета.

720000, г. Бишкек, ул. Киевская, д. 44, Тел.: (+996) 552435009

Graduate student Zhamila A. Murkamilova - Department of Therapy No. 2 of the Medical Faculty.

720000, Bishkek, Kiev, Street, 44. Phone: (+996) 552435009

murkamilovazh.t@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6653ЮсуповФ. А.YusupovF. A.

Профессор Фуркат Абдулахатович Юсупов - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой неврологии, нейрохирургии и психиатрии медицинского факультета Ошского ГУ. Член правления Общества специалистов по хронической болезни почек Кыргызстана, главный невролог Южного региона Кыргызстана.

714000, г. Ош, ул. Ленина, д. 331. Тел.: (+996) 557202071

Prof. Furkat A. Yusupov - MD, PhD, DMedSci. Head of the Department of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry of medicinal faculty of Osh SU. Board member of Chronic Kidney Disease specialists Society of Kyrgyzstan, Chief neurologist of Southern region of Kyrgyzstan.

714000, Osh, Lenin Street, 331. Phone: (+996) 557202071

furcat_y@mail.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт молекулярной биологии и медицины, Национальный центр кардиологии и терапии имени академика Мирсаида МиррахимоваКыргызстанResearch Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, National Center of Cardiology and Therapy named after Academician Mirsaid MirrakhimovKyrgyzstanКыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени И.К. Ахунбаева; Кыргызско-Российский славянский университетКыргызстанKyrgyz State Medical Academy named after I.K. Akhunbayev; Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic UniversityKyrgyzstanИнститут клинической медицины имени Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияN.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationКыргызско-Российский славянский университетКыргызстанKyrgyz-Russian Slavic UniversityKyrgyzstanОшский государственный университетКыргызстанOsh State UniversityKyrgyzstan2023011220232742233Copyright © Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В., Муркамилова Ж.А., Юсупов Ф.А., 20232023Айтбаев К.А., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В., Муркамилова Ж.А., Юсупов Ф.А.Aitbaev K.A., Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V., Murkamilova Z.A., Yusupov F.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2265

Чрезмерные неконтролируемые воспалительные и иммунные реакции часто приводят к развитию острых и хронических форм повреждения различных органов, в том числе и почек. Нейтрофилы – это клетки врождённой иммунной системы, которые являются первыми клеточными эффекторами в защите хозяина от множества патогенов, включая бактерии, грибы и простейшие. Как наиболее многочисленные лейкоциты, присутствующие в крови человека, нейтрофилы рано мигрируют в очаги воспаления или повреждения тканей, где играют значительную роль в развитии воспаления, рекрутировании иммунных клеток, удалении патогенов и восстановлении тканей. Нейтрофилы, кроме того, продуцируют провоспалительные цитокины и высвобождают в процессе, названном нетоз, сетчатые структуры, состоящие из ДНК и гранулярных белков, известные как нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки (НВЛ). НВЛ потенциально токсичны, способствуют активации аутоиммунных процессов, повреждению эндотелия сосудов, следовательно повреждению клубочков и сформированию фиброза почек. Данные многочисленных исследований показывают, что дисбаланс между продукцией и клиренсом НВЛ пагубно сказывается на функционировании почек. Следовательно, стратегии, направленные на модуляцию процессов, связанных с НВЛ, могут иметь благоприятное прогностическое значение. В обзоре обсуждается роль нетоза в патогенезе заболеваний почек, приведены ассоциированные с НВЛ механизмы повреждения тканей и терапевтические возможности НВЛ-регулирующей терапии.

Excessive uncontrolled inflammatory and immune reactions often lead to the development of acute and chronic forms of damage to various organs, including the kidneys. Neutrophils are the cells of the innate immune system, which are the first cellular effectors in protecting the host from a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and protozoa. As the most numerous leukocytes present in human blood, neutrophils migrate early to the foci of inflammation or tissue damage, where they play a significant role in the development of inflammation, recruitment of immune cells, removal of pathogens and tissue repair. Neutrophils also produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and release, in a process called netosis, a network of DNA and granular proteins known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are potentially toxic, contribute to glomerular damage, activate autoimmune processes, cause vascular damage, and promote renal fibrosis. Numerous studies show that an imbalance between NET production and clearance is detrimental to kidney function. Therefore, strategies aimed at modulating the processes associated with NET may have a favorable prognostic effect. The review discusses the role of the netosis in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, describes the mechanisms of tissue damage associated with NET, and the therapeutic potential of NET regulatory therapy.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.