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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2024-28-2-43-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">THETJP</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2315</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-патогенетические особенности эндотелиальной дисфункции у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек и ее вклад в развитие когнитивных нарушений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and pathogenetic features of the development of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease and its contribution to the development of cognitive impairments</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-8066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панченко</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panchenko</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Панченко Манэ Гарниковна, Поликлиническое отделение, врач-эндокринолог</p><p>344019, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 1-я Линия, д. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mane G. Panchenko MD, outpatient department, endocrinologist</p><p>344019 Rostov-on-Don, 1st Line str., 6</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mane.panchenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5856-0404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гасанов</surname><given-names>М. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gasanov</surname><given-names>M. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц. Гасанов Митхат Зульфугарович, канд. мед. наук, кафедра внутренних болезней, заместитель директора </p><p>173003, г. Великий Новгород, ул. Большая Санкт-Петербургская, д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor Mitkhat Z. Gasanov, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Deputy Director of the Institute of Medical</p><p>Education</p><p>173003, Veliky Novgorod, Bolshaya St. Petersburg str., 41</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mitkhat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-4524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батюшин</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Batyushin</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Батюшин Михаил Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, кафедра внутренних болезней №2</p><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский пер., д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Mikhail M. Batyushin, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Department of Internal Diseases No. 2</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, Nakhichevan Lane, 29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">batjushin-m@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0800-9606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанская</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazanskaya</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент Казанская Адель Александровна, кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>173003, г. Великий Новгород, ул. Большая Санкт-Петербургская, д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student Adel A. Kazanskaya, Department of Internal Medicine</p><p>173003, Veliky Novgorod, Bolshaya St. Petersburg str., 41</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">adel.kazanskaya@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5282-6029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аппаков</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Appakov</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент Аппаков Герман Игоревич, кафедра внутренних болезней</p><p>344022, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Нахичеванский пер., д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student German I. Appakov, Department of Internal Diseases No. 2</p><p>344022, Rostov-on-Don, Nakhichevan Lane, 29</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">german.appakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовская клиническая больница «ЮОМЦ ФМБА»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov Clinical Hospital «SRMC FMBA»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт медицинского образования, Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Medical Education, Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ростовский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rostov State Medical University»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Панченко М.Г., Гасанов М.З., Батюшин М.М., Казанская А.А., Аппаков Г.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Панченко М.Г., Гасанов М.З., Батюшин М.М., Казанская А.А., Аппаков Г.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Panchenko M.G., Gasanov M.Z., Batyushin M.M., Kazanskaya A.A., Appakov G.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2315">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2315</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ: изучить клинико-патогенетические особенности развития эндотелиальной дисфункции (ЭД) у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек и ее вклад в развитие когнитивных нарушений.</p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование были включены 80 пациентов с ХБП 3А–5Д стадий в возрасте от 26 до 79 лет (средний возраст 58,9 ±1,4 года): 43 женщины (средний возраст 60,1±1,9 года) и 37 мужчин (средний возраст 57,4±2,3 года). Пациенты были распределены на 2 группы: в 1-ю группу вошли 40 пациентов с ХБП 3А–5 (средний возраст 59,9 ±2,1 лет), во 2-ю группу – 40 пациентов с ХБП5Д (средний возраст 58,1±2 года). Всем пациентам были выполнены общий и биохимический анализы крови, определены уровни эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота 3 (eNOS-3) и эндотелина-1 (END-1), проведена проба с эндотелий-зависимой вазодилатацией (ЭЗВД), тестирование на наличие и степень выраженности когнитивных нарушений с использованием Монреальской шкалы оценки когнитивных функций (МoСА) и краткой шкалы оценки психического статуса (MMSE).</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p> РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: распространенность ЭД в общей когорте пациентов по результатам положительной пробы с ЭЗВД составила 55 % случаев. ЭД статистически значимо чаще определялась в группе пациентов, получающих лечение гемодиализом, по сравнению с пациентами 1-й группы: 70 % против 40 % соответственно (р=0,007). Уровень eNOS-3 в 1-й группе был выше по сравнению со 2-й группой и составил 1,01±0,5 нг/мл против 0,76±0,3 нг/мл (р=0,008). В то время как уровень END-1 был статистически значимо ниже у пациентов 1-й группы по сравнению со 2-й и составил 45,4±9,1 пг/мл против 54,9±4,7 пг/мл (р&lt;0,001). Когнитивные нарушения были выявлены в общей когорте: по MMSE – в 67,5 % случаев, по MoCA – в 71,3 %, причем чаще встречались во 2-й группе. Статистически значимых связей между результатами пробы с ЭЗВД и тестирования по шкалам MoCA и MMSE выявлено не было. Уровень eNOS-3 был ниже в подгруппе пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями по МoCA по сравнению с подгруппой без таковых: 0,73±0,1 нг/мл против 0,94±0,2 нг/мл (р=0,127). Содержание END-1 было статистически значимо выше в подгруппе пациентов с когнитивными нарушениями по МoCA – 52,98±1,2 пг/мл по сравнению с подгруппой без таковых – 47,67±1,5 пг/мл (р=0,043). При оценке взаимосвязи уровней eNOS-3 и END-1 с результатами пробы с ЭЗВД было установлено, что у пациентов с положительной пробой в 1-й группе уровень eNOS-3 был статистически достоверно выше по сравнению со 2-й группой (p=0,01). В отношении END-1 наблюдалась обратная зависимость, его уровень был ниже у пациентов 1-й группы по сравнению со 2-й группой (p&lt;0,01).</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Таким образом, в результате проведенного исследования была выявлена высокая распространенность эндотелиальной дисфункции у пациентов с ХБП 3А–5Д стадий. Прогрессирующая потеря функции почек приводит к дисрегуляции молекулярных механизмов контроля сосудистого тонуса и развитию ЭД. eNOS-3 и END-1 продемонстрировали высокую чувствительность в отношении верификации ЭД, а их определение повышает информативность пробы с ЭЗВД. Развитие и прогрессирование ЭД у пациентов с ХБП – многофакторный процесс, который приводит к нарушению гемодинамики в различных органах и тканях, их повреждению и оказывает негативное влияние на качество жизни пациента, его когнитивный статус и продолжительность жизни.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>THE AIM</title><p>THE AIM: to study the clinical and pathogenetic features of the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3A-5D and its contribution to the development of cognitive impairment.</p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 80 patients with CKD stages 3A-5D aged from 26 to 79 years (average age 58.9 ± 1.4 years): 43 women (average age 60.1 ± 1.9 years) and 37 men (average age 57.4±2.3 years). The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 40 patients with CKD 3A-5 (average age 59.9 ± 2.1 years), group 2 included 40 patients with CKD 5D (average age 58.1 ± 2 years). All patients underwent common and biochemical blood tests, the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3 (eNOS-3) and endothelin-1 (END-1) were determined, an endothelium-dependent vasodilation test (EDVD) was performed, testing for the presence and severity of cognitive disorders using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE).</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS: The prevalence of ED in the overall cohort of patients based on the results of a positive test with EDVD was 55 % of cases. ED was statistically significantly more often detected in the group of patients receiving hemodialysis treatment compared to patients in group 1: 70  % versus 40 %, respectively (p=0.007). The level of eNOS-3 in group 1 was higher compared to group 2 and amounted to 1.01±0.5 ng/ml versus 0.76±0.3 ng/ml (p=0.008). While the level of END-1 was statistically significantly lower in patients of group 1 compared to group 2 and amounted to 45.4±9.1 pg/ml versus 54.9±4.7 pg/ml (p&lt;0.001). Cognitive impairments were identified in the general cohort: according to MMSE – in 67.5 % of cases, according to MoCA – in 71.3 %, and were more common in group 2. There were no statistically significant relationships between the results of the EDVD test and testing on the MoCA and MMSE scales. The level of eNOS-3 was lower in the subgroup of patients with cognitive impairment according to MoCA compared to the subgroup without it: 0.73±0.1 ng/ ml versus 0.94±0.2 ng/ml (p=0.127). The content of END-1 was statistically significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with cognitive impairment according to MoCA – 52.98±1.2 pg/ml compared to the subgroup without it – 47.67±1.5 pg/ml (p=0.043). When assessing the relationship between the levels of eNOS-3 and END-1 and the results of the EDVD test, it was found that in patients with a positive test in group 1, the level of eNOS-3 was statistically significantly higher compared to group 2 (p=0.01). An inverse relationship was observed for END-1; its level was lower in patients of group 1 compared to group 2 (p&lt;0.01).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. Thus, the study revealed a high prevalence of endothelial dysfunction in patients with CKD stages 3A-5D. Progressive loss of renal function leads to dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms controlling vascular tone and the development of ED. eNOS-3 and END-1 have demonstrated high sensitivity for ED verification, and their detection improves the quality of the EDVD test. The development and progression of ED in patients with CKD is a multifactorial process that leads to hemodynamic disturbances in various organs and tissues, their damage and has a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life, his cognitive status and life expectancy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>когнитивные нарушения</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная синтаза оксида азота 3</kwd><kwd>эндотелин-1</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>cognitive impairment</kwd><kwd>endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3</kwd><kwd>endothelin-1</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovesdy CP. Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. 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