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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2024-28-3-62-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QANXIK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГРАММА НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОСЛЕДИПЛОМНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПО НЕФРОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROGRAM ON CONTINUOUS POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION ON NEPHROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сколько соли рекомендовать в пищу пациенту с ХБП: ренальные механизмы регуляции обмена натрия при патологии почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How much salt should i recommend to a patient with CKD: the real mechanisms of regulation of sodium metabolism in kidney pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-0051</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Иванов Дмитрий Дмитриевич, д-р мед. наук</p><p>Фьюджи</p><p>Телефон: +38 (050) 4448788</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Dmitrii D. Ivanov, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Affiliations: retired</p><p>Fiuggi</p><p>Phone: +38 (050) 4448788</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanovdd@hotmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов Д.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Д.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov D.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2336">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2336</self-uri><abstract><p>Назначение соли (натрия хлорида) в пищевом рационе у людей с хронической болезнью почек определяется многочисленными рекомендациями и предполагает потребление &lt;90 ммоль натрия в день или &lt;5 г хлорида натрия в день. При этом считается, что избыточное потребление натрия способствует формированию/поддержанию гипертензии и отёчного синдрома. Вместе с тем, данные ВОЗ и когортных исследований показывают, что среднее потребление соли населением примерно в два раза выше рекомендуемых. У людей с хронической болезнью почек нередко складывается парадоксальная ситуация, когда при желаемых, но трудно выполнимых рекомендациях у 15–36 % пациентов может развиваться гипонатриемия. Это связано как с ограничением соли в пищевом рационе, так и с активным приемом петлевых диуретиков, а в последнее время иНЗКТГ2, арГГП1 на фоне иРААС как базисной терапии, а также увеличения возраста пациента, что само по себе является риск-фактором гипонатриемии. В этой связи значительно возрастает риск развития клинических проявлений гипонатриемии. В статье рассмотрены вопросы физиологии и патофизиологии обмена натрия, клинические ситуации. Обращено внимание на необходимость контроля натрия сыворотки крови и внимательного отношения к пищевых предпочтениям пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Dietary considerations for salt (sodium chloride) in people with chronic kidney disease are based on multiple guidelines and suggest an intake of &lt;90 mmol sodium per day, or &lt;5 g sodium chloride per day. It is assumed that excess sodium intake contributes to the formation/maintenance of hypertension and edema syndrome. However, WHO data and cohort studies show that average salt intake is approximately twice the recommended level. In people with chronic kidney disease, a paradoxical situation often arises when, with recommended, but poorly followed, recommendations, 15-36 % of patients may develop hyponatremia. This is due to both the restriction of salt in the diet and the active use of loop diuretics, and recently SGLT-2is, GLP-1RAs against the background of RAASi and increasing age of the patient, which in itself is a risk factor for hyponatremia. In this regard, the possible clinical complications of hyponatremia increase significantly. The article addresses issues of physiology and pathophysiology of sodium metabolism, examines clinical situations and suggests careful treatment of significant restrictions on sodium chloride in the diet, keeping in mind the dietary cravings that develop during hyponatremia. Attention is drawn to the need to control serum sodium and be attentive to the dietary whims of patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>баланс натрия</kwd><kwd>потребление натрия</kwd><kwd>гипонатриемия</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>пищевая потребность в поваренной соли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sodium balance</kwd><kwd>sodium intake</kwd><kwd>hyponatremia</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>dietary requirement of table salt</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 2024;105(4S):S117–S314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. 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