<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2025-29-1-9-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AHACDQ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2383</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>В порядке ли ваши почки? Раннее выявление – залог здоровья почек</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Are your kidneys Ok? Detect early to protect kidney health</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вассалотти</surname><given-names>Джозеф А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vassalotti</surname><given-names>Joseph A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джозеф А. Вассалотти, Первый соавтор,</p><p>г. Нью-Йорк.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Joseph A. Vassalotti, </p><p>New York.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Франсис</surname><given-names>Анна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Francis</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Франсис, Первый соавтор,</p><p>Южный Брисбен, Квинсленд.</p><p>(501 Stanley Street, South Brisbane QLD 4101, Queensland)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna Francis,</p><p> 501, Stanley Street, South Brisbane QLD 4101, Queensland.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anna.francis@uq.edu.au</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соарес дос Сантос, Мл.</surname><given-names>Аугусто Сесар</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soares dos Santos, Jr</surname><given-names>Augusto Cesar</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аугусто Сесар Соарес дос Сантос, Мл, </p><p>г. Минас-Жерайс.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Augusto Cesar Soares dos Santos Jr, </p><p>Minas Gerais.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корреа-Роттер</surname><given-names>Рикардо</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Correa-Rotter</surname><given-names>Ricardo</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рикардо Корреа-Роттер, </p><p>г. Мехико.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ricardo Correa-Rotter,</p><p>Mexico City.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абделлатиф</surname><given-names>Дина</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdellatif</surname><given-names>Dina</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дина Абделлатиф,</p><p>г. Каир.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dina Abdellatif,</p><p>Cairo.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сяо</surname><given-names>Ли-Ли</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hsiao</surname><given-names>Li-Li</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ли-Ли Сяо,</p><p>г. Бостон, Массачусетс.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Li-Li Hsiao,</p><p>Boston, Massachusetts.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румелиотис</surname><given-names>Стефанос</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roumeliotis</surname><given-names>Stefanos</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стефанос Румелиотис,</p><p>г. Салоники.</p><p>(1 St. Kyriakidi str, 54636 Thessaloniki)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stefanos Roumeliotis,</p><p>1, St. Kyriakidi str, 54636 Thessaloniki.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">st_roumeliotis@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харис</surname><given-names>Агнес</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Haris</surname><given-names>Agnes</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агнес Харис,</p><p>г. Будапешт.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Agnes Haris, </p><p>Budapest.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кумарасвами</surname><given-names>Лата А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kumaraswami</surname><given-names>Latha A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лата А. Кумарасвами,</p><p>г. Ченнаи.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Latha A. Kumaraswami,</p><p>Chennai.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луи</surname><given-names>Сиу-Фай</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lui</surname><given-names>Siu-Fai</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сиу-Фай Луи,</p><p>Гонконг.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Siu-Fai Lui, </p><p>Hong Kong.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Балдуччи</surname><given-names>Алессандро</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Balducci</surname><given-names>Alessandro</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алессандро Балдуччи,</p><p>Рим.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alessandro Balducci,</p><p>Rome.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-11"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиакопулос</surname><given-names>Вассилиос</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liakopoulos</surname><given-names>Vassilios</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вассилиос Лиакопулос, От имени Объединенного организационного комитета Всемирного дня почки,</p><p>г. Салоники.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vassilios Liakopoulos, for the World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee, </p><p>Thessaloniki.</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Больница Маунт-Синай, отделение медицины – Почечная медицина; Национальный Почечный Фонд, Инк.</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine-Renal Medicine, New York; National Kidney Foundation, Inc., New York</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Детская больница Квинсленда, отделение нефрологии</institution><country>Австралия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Queensland Children’s Hospital, Department of Nephrology</institution><country>Australia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный университет Минас-Жерайс, Факультет медицинских наук,  Клиническая больница, Эбсер</institution><country>Бразилия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade Ciencias Medicas, Hospital das Clinicas, Ebserh</institution><country>Brazil</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный институт медицинских наук и питания Сальвадора Зубирана</institution><country>Мексика</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán</institution><country>Mexico</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Каирская университетская больница, Отделение нефрологии</institution><country>Египет</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Nephrology, Cairo University Hospital</institution><country>Egypt</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинская школа Гарварда, Женская больница Бригама, Почечное отделение, медицинский отдел</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Аристотеля в Салониках, Медицинская школа при университетской больнице Эллинской американской образовательной ассоциации, Второе отделение нефрологии</institution><country>Греция</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Second Department of Nephrology, American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA) University Hospital Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki</institution><country>Greece</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нефрологическое отделение, больница Петефи</institution><country>Венгрия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nephrology Department, Péterfy Hospital</institution><country>Hungary</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Исследовательский Почечный Фонд Тамилнада</institution><country>Индия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tamilnad Kidney Research (TANKER) Foundation</institution><country>India</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Отдел системы здравоохранения, политики и управления Гонконгского жокей-клуба, Китайский университет Гонконга</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Division of Health System, Policy and Management, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-11"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Итальянский Почечный фонд</institution><country>Италия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Italian Kidney Foundation</institution><country>Italy</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вассалотти Д.А., Франсис А., Соарес дос Сантос, Мл. А., Корреа-Роттер Р., Абделлатиф Д., Сяо Л., Румелиотис С., Харис А., Кумарасвами Л.А., Луи С., Балдуччи А., Лиакопулос В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вассалотти Д.А., Франсис А., Соарес дос Сантос, Мл. А., Корреа-Роттер Р., Абделлатиф Д., Сяо Л., Румелиотис С., Харис А., Кумарасвами Л.А., Луи С., Балдуччи А., Лиакопулос В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vassalotti J.A., Francis A., Soares dos Santos, Jr A., Correa-Rotter R., Abdellatif D., Hsiao L., Roumeliotis S., Haris A., Kumaraswami L.A., Lui S., Balducci A., Liakopoulos V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2383">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2383</self-uri><abstract><p>Раннее выявление заболеваний почек может обеспечить защиту их здоровья, предотвратить прогрессирование заболевания и связанные с ним осложнения, уменьшить риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и снизить летальность. Мы должны спросить: «В порядке ли ваши почки?», и использовать уровень креатинина в сыворотке крови для оценки функции почек и альбумина в моче для оценки повреждения почек и эндотелия. Выявление причин и факторов риска хронической болезни почек (ХБП) включает в себя тестирование на сахарный диабет и измерение артериального давления и индекса массы тела. Сегодня, отмечая Всемирный день почки, мы утверждаем, что выявление случаев заболевания в группах высокого риска или даже общепопуляционный скрининг могут снизить бремя заболеваний почек во всем мире. Ранние стадии ХБП протекают бессимптомно, но существуют простые тесты для их диагностики, а новые, меняющие парадигму лечения ХБП методы, такие как использование ингибиторов натрий-глюкозного ко-транспортера-2, значительно улучшают результаты, что, тем самым, при анализе затрат и пользы служит основанием для проведения скрининга и реализации программ выявления случаев заболевания. Однако существуют многочисленные препятствия, такие как распределение ресурсов, финансирование и инфраструктура здравоохранения, а также проблема осведомленности медицинских работников и населения о заболеваниях почек. Скоординированные усилия крупнейших неправительственных организаций, занимающихся проблемами почек, по приоритизации вопросов охраны здоровья почек в повестке дня правительств и согласование усилий по раннему выявлению болезней почек с другими текущими программами позволят добиться максимальной эффективности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Early identification of kidney disease can protect kidney health, prevent kidney disease progression and related complications, reduce cardiovascular disease risk, and decrease mortality. We must ask “Are your kidneys ok?” using serum creatinine to estimate kidney function and urine albumin to assess for kidney and endothelial damage. Evaluation for causes and risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes testing for diabetes and measurement of blood pressure and body mass index. This World Kidney Day we assert that case-finding in high-risk populations, or even population level screening, can decrease the burden of kidney disease globally. Early-stage CKD is asymptomatic and simple to test for, and recent paradigm shifting CKD treatments such as sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors dramatically improve outcomes and favor the cost-benefit analysis for screening or case-finding programs. Despite this, numerous barriers exist, including resource allocation, health care funding, health care infrastructure, and health care professional and population awareness of kidney disease. Coordinated efforts by major kidney nongovernmental organizations to prioritize the kidney health agenda for governments and aligning early detection efforts with other current programs will maximize efficiencies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>альбуминурия</kwd><kwd>выявление случаев заболевания</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>протеинурия</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>albuminuria</kwd><kwd>case finding</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>proteinuria</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR et al. A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of cardiovascularkidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023;148:1636–1664</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR et al. A synopsis of the evidence for the science and clinical management of cardiovascularkidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023;148:1636–1664</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luyckx VA, Tuttle KR, Abdellatif D et al. World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee. Mind the gap in kidney care: translating what we know into what we do. Kidney Int 2024;105:406–417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luyckx VA, Tuttle KR, Abdellatif D et al. World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee. Mind the gap in kidney care: translating what we know into what we do. Kidney Int 2024;105:406–417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stevens PE, Ahmed SB, Carrero JJ et al. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 2024;105:S117–S314</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stevens PE, Ahmed SB, Carrero JJ et al. KDIGO 2024 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int 2024;105:S117–S314</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guha C, Lopez-Vargas P, Ju A et al. PAVE-CKD Workshop Investigators. Patient needs and priorities for patient navigator programmes in chronic kidney disease: a workshop report. BMJ Open 2020;10: e040617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guha C, Lopez-Vargas P, Ju A et al. PAVE-CKD Workshop Investigators. Patient needs and priorities for patient navigator programmes in chronic kidney disease: a workshop report. BMJ Open 2020;10: e040617</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2020;395:709–733</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2020;395:709–733</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cojuc-Konigsberg G, Guijosa A, Moscona-Nissan A et al. Representation of low- and middle-income countries in CKD drug trials: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis 2025;85:55–66.e1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cojuc-Konigsberg G, Guijosa A, Moscona-Nissan A et al. Representation of low- and middle-income countries in CKD drug trials: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis 2025;85:55–66.e1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsiao LL, Shah KM, Liew A et al. World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee. Kidney health for all: preparedness for the unexpected in supporting the vulnerable. Kidney Int 2023;103:436–443</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsiao LL, Shah KM, Liew A et al. World Kidney Day Joint Steering Committee. Kidney health for all: preparedness for the unexpected in supporting the vulnerable. Kidney Int 2023;103:436–443</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francis A, Harhay MN, Ong ACM et al. Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024;20:473–485</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francis A, Harhay MN, Ong ACM et al. Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024;20:473–485</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and causespecific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016–40 for 195 countries and territories. Lancet 2018;392:2052–2090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A et al. Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and causespecific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016–40 for 195 countries and territories. Lancet 2018;392:2052–2090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Viggiano D, Wagner CA, Martino G et al. Mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020;16:452–469</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Viggiano D, Wagner CA, Martino G et al. Mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020;16:452–469</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen K, Didsbury M, van Zwieten A et al. Neurocognitive and educational outcomes in children and adolescents with CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018;13:387–397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen K, Didsbury M, van Zwieten A et al. Neurocognitive and educational outcomes in children and adolescents with CKD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018;13:387–397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francis A, Didsbury MS, van Zwieten A, et al. Quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a crosssectional study. Arch Dis Child 2019;104:134–140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francis A, Didsbury MS, van Zwieten A, et al. Quality of life of children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: a crosssectional study. Arch Dis Child 2019;104:134–140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">United States Renal Data System. 2023 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">United States Renal Data System. 2023 USRDS Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Jha V et al. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review. Lancet 2015;385:1975–1982</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Jha V et al. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review. Lancet 2015;385:1975–1982</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bello AK, Levin A, Tonelli M et al. Assessment of global kidney health care status. JAMA 2017;317:1864–1881</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bello AK, Levin A, Tonelli M et al. Assessment of global kidney health care status. JAMA 2017;317:1864–1881</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ortiz A, Wanner C, Gansevoort R, ERA Council. Chronic kidney disease as cardiovascular risk factor in routine clinical practice: a position statement by the Council of the European Renal Association. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38:527–531</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ortiz A, Wanner C, Gansevoort R, ERA Council. Chronic kidney disease as cardiovascular risk factor in routine clinical practice: a position statement by the Council of the European Renal Association. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38:527–531</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnson RJ, Wesseling C, Newman LS. Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in agricultural communities. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1843–1852</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnson RJ, Wesseling C, Newman LS. Chronic kidney disease of unknown cause in agricultural communities. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1843–1852</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCulloch M, Luyckx VA, Cullis B et al. Challenges of access to kidney care for children in low-resource settings. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021;17:33–45</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCulloch M, Luyckx VA, Cullis B et al. Challenges of access to kidney care for children in low-resource settings. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021;17:33–45</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stanifer JW, Muiru A, Jafar TH, Patel UD. Chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016;31:868–874</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stanifer JW, Muiru A, Jafar TH, Patel UD. Chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016;31:868–874</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, Burrows NR et al. Comprehensive public health strategies for preventing the development, progression, and complications of CKD: report of an expert panel convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53:522–535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levey AS, Schoolwerth AC, Burrows NR et al. Comprehensive public health strategies for preventing the development, progression, and complications of CKD: report of an expert panel convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53:522–535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Society of Nephrology. World Kidney Day 2025. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://www.worldkidneyday.org/about-kidney-health/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Society of Nephrology. World Kidney Day 2025. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://www.worldkidneyday. org/about-kidney-health/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM et al. Life’s Essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association’s Construct of Cardiovascular Health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022;146:e18–e43 23. Bello AK, Okpechi IG, Levin A et al. ISN-GKHA Group. An update on the global disparities in kidney disease burden and care across world countries and regions. Lancet Glob Health 2024;12:e382–e395</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM et al. Life’s Essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association’s Construct of Cardiovascular Health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2022;146:e18–e43 23. Bello AK, Okpechi IG, Levin A et al. ISN-GKHA Group. An update on the global disparities in kidney disease burden and care across world countries and regions. Lancet Glob Health 2024;12:e382–e395</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferre S, Storfer-Isser A, Kinderknecht K et al. Fulfillment and validity of the kidney health evaluation measure for people with diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2023;7:382–391</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferre S, Storfer-Isser A, Kinderknecht K et al. Fulfillment and validity of the kidney health evaluation measure for people with diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2023;7:382–391</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alfego D, Ennis J, Gillespie B et al. Chronic kidney disease testing among at-risk adults in the U.S. remains low: real-world evidence from a national laboratory database. Diabetes Care 2021;44:2025– 2032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfego D, Ennis J, Gillespie B et al. Chronic kidney disease testing among at-risk adults in the U.S. remains low: real-world evidence from a national laboratory database. Diabetes Care 2021;44:2025– 2032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stempniewicz N, Vassalotti JA, Cuddeback JK et al. Chronic kidney disease testing among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes across 24 U.S. health care organizations. Diabetes Care 2021;44:2000–2009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stempniewicz N, Vassalotti JA, Cuddeback JK et al. Chronic kidney disease testing among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes across 24 U.S. health care organizations. Diabetes Care 2021;44:2000–2009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kushner PR, DeMeis J, Stevens P et al. Patient and clinician perspectives: to create a better future for chronic kidney disease, we need to talk about our kidneys. Adv Ther 2024;41:1318–1324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushner PR, DeMeis J, Stevens P et al. Patient and clinician perspectives: to create a better future for chronic kidney disease, we need to talk about our kidneys. Adv Ther 2024;41:1318–1324</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Farrell DR, Vassalotti JA. Screening, identifying, and treating chronic kidney disease: why, who, when, how, and what? BMC Nephrol 2024;25:34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farrell DR, Vassalotti JA. Screening, identifying, and treating chronic kidney disease: why, who, when, how, and what? BMC Nephrol 2024;25:34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuttle KR. CKD screening for better kidney health: Why? Who? How? When? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024;39:1537–1539</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuttle KR. CKD screening for better kidney health: Why? Who? How? When? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024;39:1537–1539</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shlipak MG, Tummalapalli SL, Boulware LE et al. The case for early identification and intervention of chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2021;99:34–47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shlipak MG, Tummalapalli SL, Boulware LE et al. The case for early identification and intervention of chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2021;99:34–47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tummalapalli SL, Shlipak MG, Damster S et al. Availability and affordability of kidney health laboratory tests around the globe. Am J Nephrol 2020;51:959–965</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tummalapalli SL, Shlipak MG, Damster S et al. Availability and affordability of kidney health laboratory tests around the globe. Am J Nephrol 2020;51:959–965</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seegmiller JC, Bachmann LM. Urine albumin measurements in clinical diagnostics. Clin Chem 2024;70:382–391</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seegmiller JC, Bachmann LM. Urine albumin measurements in clinical diagnostics. Clin Chem 2024;70:382–391</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Mil D, Kieneker LM, Heerspink HJL, Gansevoort RT. Screening for chronic kidney disease: change of perspective and novel developments. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024;33: 583–592</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Mil D, Kieneker LM, Heerspink HJL, Gansevoort RT. Screening for chronic kidney disease: change of perspective and novel developments. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2024;33: 583–592</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem 2023;69(8):808–868</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sacks DB, Arnold M, Bakris GL et al. Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clin Chem 2023;69(8):808–868</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tonelli M, Dickinson JA. Early detection of CKD: implications for low-income, middle-income, and highincome countries. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;31:1931–1940</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tonelli M, Dickinson JA. Early detection of CKD: implications for low-income, middle-income, and highincome countries. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;31:1931–1940</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moreno JA, Martin-Cleary C, Gutierrez E et al. Haematuria: the forgotten CKD factor? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27(1):28–34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moreno JA, Martin-Cleary C, Gutierrez E et al. Haematuria: the forgotten CKD factor? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012;27(1):28–34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franceschini N, Feldman DL, Berg JS et al. Advancing genetic testing in kidney diseases: report from a National Kidney Foundation Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 2024;84:751–766</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franceschini N, Feldman DL, Berg JS et al. Advancing genetic testing in kidney diseases: report from a National Kidney Foundation Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 2024;84:751–766</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mjøen G, Hallan S, Hartmann A et al. Long-term risks for kidney donors. Kidney Int 2014;86:162–167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mjøen G, Hallan S, Hartmann A et al. Long-term risks for kidney donors. Kidney Int 2014;86:162–167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francis A, Abdul Hafidz MI, Ekrikpo UE et al. Barriers to accessing essential medicines for kidney disease in low- and lower middle-income countries. Kidney Int 2022;102:969–973</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francis A, Abdul Hafidz MI, Ekrikpo UE et al. Barriers to accessing essential medicines for kidney disease in low- and lower middle-income countries. Kidney Int 2022;102:969–973</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies Group. SGLT2 Inhibitor Meta-Analysis Cardio- Renal Trialists’ Consortium. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 2022;400(10365):1788–1801</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nuffield Department of Population Health Renal Studies Group. SGLT2 Inhibitor Meta-Analysis Cardio- Renal Trialists’ Consortium. Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials. Lancet 2022;400(10365):1788–1801</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vart P, Vaduganathan M, Jongs N et al. Estimated lifetime benefit of combined RAAS and SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with albuminuric CKD without diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022;17:1754–1762</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vart P, Vaduganathan M, Jongs N et al. Estimated lifetime benefit of combined RAAS and SGLT2 inhibitor therapy in patients with albuminuric CKD without diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2022;17:1754–1762</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanholder R, Annemans L, Brown E et al. European Kidney Health Alliance. Reducing the costs of chronic kidney disease while delivering quality health care: a call to action. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017;13:393–409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanholder R, Annemans L, Brown E et al. European Kidney Health Alliance. Reducing the costs of chronic kidney disease while delivering quality health care: a call to action. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017;13:393–409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berman-Parks N, Berman-Parks I, Gómez-Ruíz IA et al. Combining patient care and environmental protection: a pilot program recycling polyvinyl chloride from automated peritoneal dialysis waste. Kidney Int Rep 2024;9:1908–1911</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berman-Parks N, Berman-Parks I, Gómez-Ruíz IA et al. Combining patient care and environmental protection: a pilot program recycling polyvinyl chloride from automated peritoneal dialysis waste. Kidney Int Rep 2024;9:1908–1911</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Essue BM, Laba M, Knaul F et al. Economic burden of chronic ill health and injuries for households in lowand middleincome countries. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, Jha P, Laxminarayan R, Mock CN et al., eds. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; 2018 and The World Bank; 2017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Essue BM, Laba M, Knaul F et al. Economic burden of chronic ill health and injuries for households in lowand middleincome countries. In: Jamison DT, Gelband H, Horton S, Jha P, Laxminarayan R, Mock CN et al., eds. Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development; 2018 and The World Bank; 2017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeo SC, Wang H, Ang YG et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic kidney disease in the general adult population: a systematic review. Clin Kidney J 2024;17:sfad137</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeo SC, Wang H, Ang YG et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic kidney disease in the general adult population: a systematic review. Clin Kidney J 2024;17:sfad137</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cusick MM, Tisdale RL, Chertow GM et al. Population-wide screening for chronic kidney disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med 2023;176:788–797</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cusick MM, Tisdale RL, Chertow GM et al. Population-wide screening for chronic kidney disease: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med 2023;176:788–797</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadla M, John P, Fong VK, Anandh U. Ethical issues related to early screening programs in low resource settings. Kidney Int Rep 2024;9:2315–2319</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadla M, John P, Fong VK, Anandh U. Ethical issues related to early screening programs in low resource settings. Kidney Int Rep 2024;9:2315–2319</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szczech LA, Stewart RC, Su HL et al. Primary care detection of chronic kidney disease in adults with type-2 diabetes: the ADD-CKD Study (Awareness, Detection and Drug Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease). PLoS One 2014;9:e110535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szczech LA, Stewart RC, Su HL et al. Primary care detection of chronic kidney disease in adults with type-2 diabetes: the ADD-CKD Study (Awareness, Detection and Drug Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease). PLoS One 2014;9:e110535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vassalotti JA, Centor R, Turner BJ et al. National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Practical approach to detection and management of chronic kidney disease for the primary care clinician. Am J Med 2016;129(2):153–162.e7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vassalotti JA, Centor R, Turner BJ et al. National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Practical approach to detection and management of chronic kidney disease for the primary care clinician. Am J Med 2016;129(2):153–162.e7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thavarajah S, Knicely DH, Choi MJ. CKD for primary care practitioners: can we cut to the chase without too many shortcuts? Am J Kidney Dis 2016;67:826–829</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thavarajah S, Knicely DH, Choi MJ. CKD for primary care practitioners: can we cut to the chase without too many shortcuts? Am J Kidney Dis 2016;67:826–829</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vassalotti JA, Boucree SC. Integrating CKD Into US primary care: bridging the knowledge and implementation gaps. Kidney Int Rep 2022;7:389–396</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vassalotti JA, Boucree SC. Integrating CKD Into US primary care: bridging the knowledge and implementation gaps. Kidney Int Rep 2022;7:389–396</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luyckx VA, Moosa MR. Priority setting as an ethical imperative in managing global dialysis access and improving kidney care. Semin Nephrol 2021;41: 230–241</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luyckx VA, Moosa MR. Priority setting as an ethical imperative in managing global dialysis access and improving kidney care. Semin Nephrol 2021;41: 230–241</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic kidney disease in the United States 2023. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/php/data-research/ index.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chronic kidney disease in the United States 2023. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/php/data-research/ index.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dattani S, Spooner F, Ritchie H, Roser M. Causes of death. 2023. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://ourworldindata.org/causes-of-death</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dattani S, Spooner F, Ritchie H, Roser M. Causes of death. 2023. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://ourworldindata.org/ causes-of-death</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boulware LE, Carson KA, Troll MU et al. Perceived susceptibility to chronic kidney disease among highrisk patients seen in primary care practices. J Gen Intern Med 2009;24:1123–1129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boulware LE, Carson KA, Troll MU et al. Perceived susceptibility to chronic kidney disease among highrisk patients seen in primary care practices. J Gen Intern Med 2009;24:1123–1129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Kidney Foundation. Kidney quiz 2024. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://www.kidney.org/kidney-quiz/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Kidney Foundation. Kidney quiz 2024. Accessed January 11, 2025. https://www.kidney.org/ kidney-quiz/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tuot DS, Crowley ST, Katz LA et al. Usability testing of the kidney score platform to enhance communication about kidney disease in primary care settings: qualitative think-aloud study. JMIR Form Res 2022;6: e40001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tuot DS, Crowley ST, Katz LA et al. Usability testing of the kidney score platform to enhance communication about kidney disease in primary care settings: qualitative think-aloud study. JMIR Form Res 2022;6: e40001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
