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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2025-29-1-46-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">BIULCS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2386</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Злокачественные новообразования после трансплантации почки: результаты 34-летнего популяционного исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Malignancies after kidney transplantation: results of a 34-year population-based study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-0565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новикова</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikova</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Новикова Мария Сергеевна, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии; врач-нефролог</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1А. </p><p>Тел. +7(926)2262292.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria S. Novikova, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of the Department of Therapy, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with a Course in Nephrology; nephrologist,</p><p>121359, Moscow, Marshal Timoshenko, st., 19, build 1A.</p><p>Phone: +7(926)2262292.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">citrus7474@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-3586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минушкина</surname><given-names>Лариса Олеговна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minushkina</surname><given-names>Larisa O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минушкина Лариса Олеговна, д-р мед. наук, профессор, кафедра терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии,</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1А. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Larisa O. Minushkina, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Professor of the Department of Therapy, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with a Course in Nephrology,</p><p>121359, Moscow, Marshal Timoshenko, st., 19, build 1A.  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">minushkina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9319-8738</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аллазова</surname><given-names>Сона Саттаровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Allazova</surname><given-names>Sona S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аллазова Сона Саттаровна, аспирант, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2.</p><p>Тел. +7(926)8239614.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sona S. Allazova, MD, Postgraduate PhD student, Department of Internal, Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, E.M. Tareev Clinic,</p><p>119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, build 2. </p><p>Phone: +7(926)8239614.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tallisasoto@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7065-2045</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Затейщиков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zateyshchikov</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Затейщиков Дмитрий Александрович, д-р мед. наук, проф., кафедра терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии, заведующий кафедрой; заведующий первичным сосудистым отделением,</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1А. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Zateyshchikov, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Professor, Head of the Department of Therapy, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with a Course in Nephrology; Head of the Primary Vascular Department,</p><p>121359, Moscow, Marshal Timoshenko, st., 19, build 1A. </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dz@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-7374</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котенко</surname><given-names>Олег Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotenko</surname><given-names>Oleg N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котенко Олег Николаевич, д-р мед. наук, проф., руководитель, главный внештатный специалист-нефролог; кафедра общей терапии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования,</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Пехотная, д. 3. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg N. Kotenko, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Professor, Deputy Head Physician on nephrological care, chief expert in nephrology at the Moscow Healthcare Department; Professor of the Department of General Therapy of Faculty of Continuing Professional Education,</p><p>123182, Moscow, Pekhotnaya str., 3.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olkotenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8699-1233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боева</surname><given-names>Ольга Игоревна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Boeva</surname><given-names>Olga I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Боева Ольга Игоревна, д-р мед. наук, проф., кафедра терапии, кардиологии и функциональной диагностики с курсом нефрологии,</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, д. 19, стр. 1А. </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga I. Boeva, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Professor of the Department of Therapy, Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics with a Course in Nephrology,</p><p>121359, Moscow, Marshal Timoshenko, st., 19, build 1A.  </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">boeva_oi@rsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2111-191X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилов</surname><given-names>Евгений Михайлович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilov</surname><given-names>Evgeni M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шилов Евгений Михайлович, д-р мед. наук, проф., кафедра внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, Клиника им. Е.М. Тареева, </p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeni M. Shilov, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Professor of the Department of Internal, Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, E.M. Tareev Clinic,</p><p>119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, build 2.   </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">emshilov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Эндокринологический диспансер Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation; Endocrinology Dispensary of the Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), кафедра внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, Клиника им. Е.М. Тареева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение дополнительного профессионального образования «Центральная государственная медицинская академия» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская клиническая больница №29 им. Н.Э. Баумана Департамента здравоохранения Москвы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central State Medical Academy of the President of the Russian Federation; Bauman Municipal Clinical Hospital № 29 of the Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская клиническая больница № 52 Департамента здравоохранения Москвы», Московский городской научно-практический центр нефрологии и патологии трансплантированной почки; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Municipal Clinical Hospital № 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новикова М.С., Минушкина Л.О., Аллазова С.С., Затейщиков Д.А., Котенко О.Н., Боева О.И., Шилов Е.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новикова М.С., Минушкина Л.О., Аллазова С.С., Затейщиков Д.А., Котенко О.Н., Боева О.И., Шилов Е.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novikova M.S., Minushkina L.O., Allazova S.S., Zateyshchikov D.A., Kotenko O.N., Boeva O.I., Shilov E.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2386">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2386</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Рак является второй по распространенности причиной смертности и заболеваемости у реципиентов почечного трансплантата (РПТ) после сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). У РПТ риск развития рака или смерти от него, как минимум, в два раза выше, чем у населения в целом. ЦЕЛЬ: рассчитать стандартизированные коэффициенты заболеваемости (SIR – Standardized Incidence Ratio) и смертности (SMR – standardized mortality ratio) злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) у РПТ, состоящих на учете в ГКБ №52 ДЗМ, и определить у них независимые факторы риска ЗНО. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. С 1 января 1989 г. по 31 декабря 2023 г. мы проследили за 2146 реципиентами почечных трансплантатов, состоящих на учете в ГКБ №52 ДЗМ, у которых было обнаружено 14,4  % (n=310) ЗНО. В группе ЗНО наиболее распространенными были немеланомный рак кожи (НМРК) 30,3  % (n=91) и рак почки 11,3  % (n=41), умерли 37,7  % (n=117) пациентов, из них непосредственно по этой причине 46,2  % (n=54). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У реципиентов трансплантата почки общий риск ЗНО был примерно в три раза выше, чем у населения РФ (SIR 2,85, 95  % ДИ: 2,4–3,2, р&lt;0,05). Наибольшая заболеваемость отмечена для рака почки SIR 5,8 (95  % ДИ: 4,0–7,5, р&lt;0,05), немеланомного рака кожи (НМРК) SIR 5,8 (95  % ДИ: 4,6–6,9, р&lt;0,05), меланомы SIR 3,99 (95  %ДИ: 3,5–4,3, р&lt;0,05), рака шейки матки SIR 3,0 (95  %ДИ: 1,5–4,4, р&lt;0,05), рака щитовидной железы SIR 2,1 (95  % ДИ: 1,4–2,9, р&lt;0,05) и хронических лимфолейкозов (ХЛЛ, коды по МКБ: С91.1–9) SIR 10,3 (95  % ДИ: 4,5–16,0, р&lt; 0,05). Смертность от всех видов ЗНО после трансплантации почки незначительно превышала общепопуляционную в РФ (SMR 1,3, 95  % ДИ: 1,1–1,4, р&lt;0,05). Наибольшая смертность после трансплантации была от НМРК SMR 51,4 (95  % ДИ: 25,3–77,4, р&lt;0,05) и меланомы SMR 8,6 (95  % ДИ: 2,5–14,6, р&lt;0,05). ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Общая заболеваемость ЗНО после трансплантации почки у пациентов, состоящих на учете в ГКБ №52 ДЗМ в 1989 – 2023 гг, выше общепопуляционной в РФ почти в 3 раза (общий SIR = 2,85 (95  % ДИ: 2,4–3,2, р&lt;0,05). Смертность от ЗНО (общий SMR= 1,3 (95  % ДИ: 1,1–1,4, р&lt;0,05) незначительно выше общепопуляционной. Возможной причиной почти двукратной разницы между заболеваемостью и смертностью от ЗНО в РФ может быть высокий риск конкурирующих причин смертности у РПТ, особенно ССЗ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BACKGROUND. Cancer is the second most common cause of mortality and morbidity in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) after cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). KTRs have at least twice the risk of developing cancer or dying from it compared to the general population. THE AIM: to calculate the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and mortality ratio (SMR) of malignancies in KTRs registered at Municipal Clinical Hospital № 52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department and to determine independent risk factors for MN. PATIENTS AND METHODS. From January 1, 1989 to December 31, 2023, we followed 2146 KTRs registered at Municipal Clinical Hospital №52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department, in whom 14.4 % (n=310) MN were detected. In the malignancies group, the most common were non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) 30.3 % (n=91) and kidney cancer 11.3 % (n=41), 37.7 % (n=117) of patients died, of which 46.2 % (n=54) died directly from this cause. RESULTS. In kidney transplant recipients, the overall risk of malignancies was approximately three times higher than in the Russian population (SIR 2.85, 95 % CI: 2.4–3.2, P&lt;0.05). The highest incidence was observed for kidney cancer SIR 5.8 (95 % CI: 4.0–7.5, P&lt;0.05), non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) SIR 5.8 (95 % CI: 4.6–6.9, P&lt;0.05), melanoma SIR 3.99 (95 % CI: 3.5–4.3, P&lt;0.05), cervical cancer SIR 3.0 (95 % CI: 1.5–4.4, P&lt;0.05), thyroid cancer SIR 2.1 (95 % CI: 1.4–2.9, P&lt;0.05) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, ICD codes: C91.1–9) SIR 10.3 (95 % CI: 4.5–16.0, P&lt;0.05). Mortality from all types of malignancies after kidney transplantation slightly exceeded the general population mortality in the Russian Federation (SMR 1.3, 95 % CI: 1.1–1.4, P&lt;0.05). The highest mortality after transplantation was from NMSC SMR 51.4 (95 % CI: 25.3–77.4, P&lt;0.05) and melanoma SMR 8.6 (95 % CI: 2.5–14.6, P&lt;0.05). CONCLUSIONS. The overall incidence of malignancies after kidney transplantation in patients registered at Municipal Clinical Hospital №52 of the Moscow Healthcare Department in 1989–2023 is almost 3 times higher than the general population incidence in the Russian Federation (overall SIR = 2.85 (95 % CI: 2.4–3.2, P&lt;0.05). Mortality from malignancies (overall SMR = 1.3 (95 % CI: 1.1–1.4, P&lt;0.05)) is slightly higher than the general population incidence. A possible reason for the almost twofold difference between the incidence and mortality from malignancies in the Russian Federation may be the high risk of competing causes of mortality in KTRs, especially CVDs.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>стандартизованные коэффициенты заболеваемости</kwd><kwd>стандартизованные коэффициенты смертности от рака после трансплантации</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость раком реципиентов почечного трансплантата</kwd><kwd>смертность от рака</kwd><kwd>почечно-клеточный рак</kwd><kwd>посттрансплантационные лимфопролиферативные заболевания</kwd><kwd>скорость клубочковой фильтрации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>malignancies</kwd><kwd>standardized incidence ratio (SIR)</kwd><kwd>standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for cancer after transplantation</kwd><kwd>incidence of cancer in recipients of renal transplants</kwd><kwd>cancer mortality in recipients of renal transplants</kwd><kwd>renal cell carcinoma</kwd><kwd>post-transplant lymphoproliferative diseases</kwd><kwd>glomerular filtration rate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Au E, Wong G, Chapman JR. 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