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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2025-29-1-56-66</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ASQCUA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности фенотипа и почечного прогноза изолированных и ассоциированных с орфанными синдромами врожденных аномалий почек и мочевыводящих путей у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the phenotype and renal prognosis of congenital sanomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, isolated and associated with orphan syndromes in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0219-5844</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кутырло</surname><given-names>Ирина Эдуардовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kutyrlo</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кутырло Ирина Эдуардовна,</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2. </p><p>Тел.: 416-52-86.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kutyrlo Irina E., MD,</p><p>2, Litovskaya str., St. Petersburg, 194100. </p><p>Phone: 8(812) 416-52-86.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kutyrloirina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9415-4785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савенкова</surname><given-names>Надежда Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savenkova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Савенкова Надежда Дмитриевна, д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. каф. факультетской педиатрии,</p><p>194100, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2. </p><p>Тел.: 416-52-86.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Savenkova Nadezhda D., MD, PhD, DMedSci, Prof., Head of the Department of Faculty Pediatrics,</p><p>2, Litovskaya str., St. Petersburg, 194100. </p><p>Phone: 8(812) 416-52-86.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Savenkova.n.spb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>56</fpage><lpage>66</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кутырло И.Э., Савенкова Н.Д., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кутырло И.Э., Савенкова Н.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kutyrlo I.E., Savenkova N.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2387">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2387</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ: о ценить особенности фенотипа врожденных аномалий почек и мочевыводящих путей (ВАПМП), почечную функцию и выживаемость по методу Е. Kaplan–Р.Meier (1958) у детей для прогнозирования прогрессирования хронической болезни почек (ХБП). ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В исследование включено 127 пациентов в возрасте от 1 мес до 17 лет 11 мес: I группа – 113 (89 %) пациентов ВАПМП, без ассоциации с орфанными синдромами (изолированные); II группа – 14 (11 %) пациентов с ВАПМП, ассоциированными с орфанными синдромами и числовыми хромосомными болезнями (синдромальные). В соответствии с определением по K/DOQI (2002) и R.Hogg et al. (2003), у педиатрических пациентов осуществлена стратификация стадий ХБП по критериям скорости клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ), рассчитанной по клиренсу креатинина (мкмоль/л) в формуле G.J. Schwartz, и категории альбуминурии/протеинурии. Исследование почечной выживаемости у пациентов с ВАПМП предусматривало построение таблиц дожития и моментный неинтервальный метод E.L. Kaplan – P. Meier (1958). Термин «выжившие» использован для детей с ВАПМП, имеющих сохранную СКФ или компенсированную ХБП. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. В структуре ВАПМП у детей с изолированными фенотипами выявлено преобладание аномалий почек/почки (76,9 %), пузырно-мочеточникового рефлюкса (53,1 %), уретерогидронефроза/ гидронефроза (41,6 %). В структуре ВАПМП при орфанных синдромах и числовых хромосомных болезнях из 14 пациентов у 13 (92,8 %) выявлены аномалии почек, у 9 (62,3 %) – гидронефроз, у 3 (21,4 %) – ПМР. Установлены у педиатрических пациентов особенности ВАПМП при орфанных синдромах вследствие мутаций генов: Fraser тип 1 (FRAS1), Pierson (LAMB2), Lowe (OCLR), Lowe (OCRL, ROBO2), FOXP1 (FOXP1), Schuurs–Hoeijmakers (PACS1), Dent 2 (OCLR), Renal–Coloboma (РАХ2), хромосомной  болезни Шерешевского–Тернера (моносомия 45Х); Down (трисомия по 21 хромосоме) в ассоциации с синдромом Sensenbrenner (WDR35); при аутосомно-доминантном синдроме гипоплазии/ аплазии почек 3 типа (GREB1L). Установлено прогрессирование ХБП у 92 детей в возрасте более 2 лет с изолированными ВАПМП от С1 с сохранной СКФ (27,2 %) до С2 (8,7 %), С3 (50 %), С4 (9,8 %), С5 (4,3 %). У 11 детей в возрасте более 2 лет с ВАПМП при орфанных синдромах стратифицированы стадии ХБП С1 с сохранной СКФ (5), С2 (5), С5 (1). Вероятность 5-, 10-летней и 15-летней почечной выживаемости у детей и подростков с изолированными ВАПМП составляет 94,4, 89,5 и 66,5 %, соответственно. Показатели вероятности 5-летней и 10-летней сохранности функции почек (ХБП С1 с нормальным уровнем СКФ) у детей и подростков в возрасте более 2 лет с ВАПМП, ассоциированными с наследственными синдромами, снижены (58,5 и 32,0 %, соответственно).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>THE AIM</title><p>THE AIM: to estimate the characteristics of the phenotype of congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT), renal function and survival using the method of E. Kaplan-P. Meier (1958) in children to predict the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 127 patients aged from 1 month to 17 years 11 months: Group I – 113 (89 %) patients with CAKUT, without association with syndromes (isolated); Group II – 14 (11 %) patients with CAKUT associated with orphan syndromes and numerical chromosomal diseases (syndromic). As defined by K/DOQI (2002) and R. Hogg et al. (2003), in pediatric patients CKD stages were stratified according to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) criteria, calculated by creatinine clearance (mmol/l) in the formula G.J. Schwartz, and albuminuria/proteinuria categories. The study of renal survival in patients with CAKUT involved the construction of life tables and the moment non-interval E.L. Kaplan - P. Meier method (1958). The term “survivors” is used for children with CAKUT who have preserved GFR or compensated CKD. CONCLUSION: In the structure of CAKUT in children with isolated phenotypes, a predominance of renal/renal anomalies (76.9 %), vesicoureteral reflux (53.1 %), ureterohydronephrosis/ hydronephrosis (41.6 %) was revealed. In the structure of CAKUT in hereditary syndromes and numerical chromosomal diseases, out of 14 patients, 13 (92.8 %) had kidney anomalies, 9 (62.3 %) hydronephrosis, 3 (21.4 %) VUR. Features of CAKUT in orphan syndromes due to gene mutations have been established in pediatric patients: Fraser type 1 (FRAS1), Pierson (LAMB2), Lowe (OCLR), Lowe (OCRL, ROBO2), FOXP1 (FOXP1), Schuurs–Hoeijmakers (PACS1), Dent 2 (OCLR), Renal–Coloboma (PAX2),  chromosomal Shereshevsky–Turner disease (monosomy 45X); Down  (trisomy 21 chromosome)  associated with Sensenbrenner (WDR35) syndrome; autosomal dominant renal hypoplasia/aplasia syndrome type 3 (GREB1L). The progression of CKD was established in 92 children aged over 2 years with isolated CAKUT from C1 with preserved GFR (27.2 %) to С2 (8,7 %), С3 (50 %), С4 (9,8 %), С5 (4,3 %). In 11 children aged over 2 years with CAKUT in orphan syndromes, CKD stage was stratified C1 with preserved GFR (5); C2 (5); C5</p></sec><sec><title>(1)</title><p>(1). The probability of 5-year, 10-year and 15-year renal survival in children and adolescents with isolated CAKUT is 94.4 %, 89.5 % and 66.5 %, respectively. The probability of 5-year and 10-year preservation of renal function (CKD C1 with a normal level of GFR) in children and adolescents over 2 years of age with CAKUT associated with hereditary syndromes is reduced (58.5 % and 32.0 %, respectively).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>врожденные аномалии почек и мочевыводящих путей</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>почечная выживаемость</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>renal survival</kwd><kwd>children</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodier P, Gupta IR, Westland R, Yosypiv I. Congenital Anomalies of the Kidneys. Pediatric Nephrology, Eighth Edition. Eds.: F Emma, SL Goldstein, A Bagga, CM Bates, R Shroff. Springer Nature Switzerland. 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