<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2025-29-2-72-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GCFHJN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2425</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние нефрэктомии на реактивность артерий у крыс линии Wistar</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of nephrectomy on the reactivity of arteries from the Wistar rats</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4973-5000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярцев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yartsev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Николаевич Ярцев - канд. биол. Наук Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН, лаборатория физиологии сердечно-сосудистой и лимфатической систем, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, наб. Макарова, д. 6. Тел.: 8 (812) 328-07-01 (доб. 122)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir Nikolaevich Yartsev - PhD Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, laboratory of physiology of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, senior researcher.</p><p>199034, Russia. Saint-Petersburg, Makarova Emb., 6. Phone: 8 (812) 328-07-01 (ext. 122)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yartsevv@infran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0188-5173</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Г. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>G. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Тажимовна Иванова - канд. биол. Наук Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН, лаборатория физиологии сердечно-сосудистой и лимфатической систем, ведущий научный сотрудник.</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, наб. Макарова, д. 6. Тел.: 8 (812) 328-07-01 (доб. 119)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Tazhimovna Ivanova – PhD Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, laboratory of physiology of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems, leading researcher.</p><p>199034, Saint-Petersburg, Makarova Emb., 6. Phone: 8 (812) 328-07-01 (ext. 119)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivanovagt@infran.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Acad. Sci.</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ярцев В.Н., Иванова Г.Т., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ярцев В.Н., Иванова Г.Т.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yartsev V.N., Ivanova G.T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2425">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2425</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания являются основной причиной смертности больных с хронической болезнью почек (ХБП). Изучение механизмов дисфункции сосудов при ХБП является актуальным. Для моделирования ХБП в эксперименте используют уменьшение массы функционирующих нефронов.</p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. На сегментах верхней брыжеечной (ВБА) и внутренней сонной артерии (ВСА) крыс стока Wistar изучалось влияние нефрэктомии на дилататорные и констрикторные свойства этих артерий.</p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Нефрэктомия у крыс проводилась посредством резекции 5/6 массы почечной ткани. Реактивность сосудистых сегментов исследовалась в изометрическом режиме. У изолированных сегментов сосудов, предсокращенных фенилэфрином, вызывали дилатацию, используя ацетилхолин или нитропруссид натрия, до и на фоне действия тетраэтиламмония или глибенкламида как блокаторов калиевых каналов, либо метиленового синего как ингибитора гуанилатциклазы.</p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Показано, что нефрэктомия увеличивает сократительную реакцию артерий на фенилэфрин в наибольшей степени у ВБА (более чем в 2 раза). Дилататорная реакция артерий на нитропруссид натрия у нефрэктомированных и контрольных крыс была одинаковой. Реакция ВБА и ВСА на ацетилхолин в большинстве случаев состояла из дилататорной и значительно меньшей констрикторной фазы. У нефрэктомированных крыс величина как дилататорной, так и констрикторной фазы реакции артерий на ацетилхолин была значительно меньше, чем у контрольных животных. Тетраэтиламмоний существенно уменьшил вызванную ацетилхолином дилатацию ВБА и ВСА, а метиленовая синь уменьшила эту дилатацию ВБА нефрэктомированных крыс значительно меньше, чем у контрольных животных. Это, а также обнаруженное нами значительное уменьшение дилататорной реакции ВБА на нитропруссид на фоне действия метиленового синего у контрольных и увеличение у нефрэктомированных крыс может свидетельствовать о нарушении работы гуанилатциклазы после нефрэктомии.</p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ</title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. ХБП вызывает дисфункцию сосудов, при которой усиливаются констрикторные реакции артерий, обусловленные α1-адренорецепторами, и ослабляются дилататорные эндотелий-зависимые реакции, что может обусловливать, в частности, повышение артериального давления.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study of the mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in CKD is relevant. To simulate CKD, a decrease in the mass of functioning nephrons is used in the experiments.</p></sec><sec><title>THE AIM</title><p>THE AIM. The effect of nephrectomy on the dilator and constrictor properties of the arteries was studied in experiments on segments of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) of Wistar rats.</p></sec><sec><title>MATERILS AND METHODS</title><p>MATERILS AND METHODS. Nephrectomy in rats was performed by resection of 5/6 of the mass of renal tissue. Vascular segment reactivity was assessed under isometric conditions. In isolated segments of vessels precontracted with phenylephrine, dilation was induced using acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside before and during the action of tetraethylammonium or glibenclamide as potassium channel blockers, or methylene blue as a guanylate cyclase inhibitor.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. Nephrectomy was shown to increase the contractile response of the arteries to phenylephrine to the greatest extent in SMA (more than 2 times). The dilatation of the arteries to sodium nitroprusside in nephrectomized and control rats was the same. The reaction of SMA and ICA to acetylcholine in most cases consisted of a dilatation and a much smaller constrictor phase. In nephrectomized rats, the magnitude of both the dilator and constrictor phases of the arterial reaction to acetylcholine was significantly lower than in control animals. Tetraethylammonium significantly decreased acetylcholine-induced dilation of the SMA and ICA, and methylene blue reduced this dilation in nephrectomized rats significantly less than in control animals. This, as well as the significant decrease in the dilatation of SMA to nitroprusside in the presence of methylene blue in control rats and an increase in nephrectomized rats, may indicate a malfunction of guanylate cyclase after nephrectomy.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>CONCLUSIONS. CKD causes vascular dysfunction, in which arterial constrictor responses mediated by α1-adrenergic receptors are enhanced and endothelium-dependent dilator responses are weakened, which may cause, in particular, an increase in blood pressure.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ацетилхолин</kwd><kwd>внутренняя сонная артерия</kwd><kwd>верхняя брыжеечная артерия</kwd><kwd>нефрэктомия</kwd><kwd>фенилэфрин</kwd><kwd>крысы стока Wistar</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acetylcholine</kwd><kwd>internal carotid artery</kwd><kwd>superior mesenteric artery</kwd><kwd>nephrectomy</kwd><kwd>phenylephrine</kwd><kwd>Wistar rats</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа поддержана средствами федерального бюджета в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН Институт физиологии им. И.П. Павлова РАН (№ 1021062411784-3-3.1.8)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie Y, Bowe B, Mokdad AH et al. Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the global, regional, and national trends of chronic kidney disease epidemiology from 1990 to 2016. Kidney Int 2018;94(3):567–581. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.04.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie Y, Bowe B, Mokdad AH et al. Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study highlights the global, regional, and national trends of chronic kidney disease epidemiology from 1990 to 2016. Kidney Int 2018;94(3):567–581. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.04.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu C, Tsihlis G, Chau K et al. Novel Perspectives in Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(5). doi: 10.3390/ijms25052658</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu C, Tsihlis G, Chau K et al. Novel Perspectives in Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024;25(5). doi: 10.3390/ijms25052658</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хамзаев КА, Маматкулов ББ, Маматкулов ИБ и др. Прогресссирование хронической болезни почек у детей с гломерулопатиями. Нефрология 2024;28(4):111–119. doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2024-28-4-111-119</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khamzaev KA, Mamatkulov BB, Mamatkulov IB et al. Progression of chronic kidney disease in children with glomerulopathy. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2019;23 (4):88–95. (In Russ.) doi: 10.36485/1561-6274-2024-28-4111-119</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vallianou NG, Mitesh S, Gkogkou A et al. Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Is there Any Relationship? Curr Cardiol Rev 2019;15(1):55–63. doi: 10.2174/1573403x14666180711124825</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vallianou NG, Mitesh S, Gkogkou A et al. Chronic Kidney Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Is there Any Relationship? Curr Cardiol Rev 2019;15(1):55–63. doi: 10.2174/1573403x14666180711124825</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baaten C, Vondenhoff S, Noels H. Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Circ Res 2023;132(8):970–992. doi: 10.1161/circresaha.123.321752</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baaten C, Vondenhoff S, Noels H. Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Circ Res 2023;132(8):970–992. doi: 10.1161/circresaha.123.321752</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gu L, Xia Z, Qing B et al. Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in population with chronic kidney disease: evidence from NHANES (2001–2018). Front Immunol 2024;15:1338025. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gu L, Xia Z, Qing B et al. Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) is associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in population with chronic kidney disease: evidence from NHANES (2001–2018). Front Immunol 2024;15:1338025. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1338025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jankowski J, Floege J, Fliser D et al. Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiological Insights and Therapeutic Options. Circulation 2021;143(11):1157–1172. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050686</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jankowski J, Floege J, Fliser D et al. Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiological Insights and Therapeutic Options. Circulation 2021;143(11):1157–1172. doi: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.050686</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Düsing P, Zietzer A, Goody PR et al. Vascular pathologies in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021;99(3):335–348. doi: 10.1007/s00109-021-02037-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Düsing P, Zietzer A, Goody PR et al. Vascular pathologies in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021;99(3):335–348. doi: 10.1007/s00109-021-02037-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marrone G, Cornali K, Di Lauro M et al. Innovative Treatments to Counteract Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2024;12(5). doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12051085</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marrone G, Cornali K, Di Lauro M et al. Innovative Treatments to Counteract Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Biomedicines 2024;12(5). doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12051085</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamzaoui M, Djerada Z, Brunel V et al. 5/6 nephrectomy induces different renal, cardiac and vascular consequences in 129/ Sv and C57BL/6JRj mice. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):1524. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58393-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamzaoui M, Djerada Z, Brunel V et al. 5/6 nephrectomy induces different renal, cardiac and vascular consequences in 129/ Sv and C57BL/6JRj mice. Sci Rep 2020;10(1):1524. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-58393-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ярцев ВН, Иванова ГТ, Лобов ГИ. Влияние нефрэктомии на реактивность артерий крыс линии Wistar-Kyoto. Рос. физиол. журн. им ИМ Сеченова 2020;106 (12):1553–1563. doi: 10.31857/S0869813920120092</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yartsev VN, Ivanova GT, Lobov GI. Effect of nephrectomy on the reactivity of arteries from the Wistar-Kyoto rats. Ross fiziol zhurn im IM Sechenova 2020;106(12):1553–1563. (In Russ). doi: 10.31857/S0869813920120092</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванова ГТ, Лобов ГИ, Береснева ОН, Парастаева ММ. Изменение реактивности сосудов крыс с экспериментальным уменьшением массы функционирующих нефронов. Нефрология 2019;23(4):88–95. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanova GТ, Lobov GI, Beresneva ОN, Parastaeva ММ. Changes in the reactivity of vessels of rats with an experimental decrease in the mass of functioning nephrons. Nephrology (SaintPetersburg) 2019;23 (4):88-95. (In Russ.). doi: 10.24884/15616274-2019-23-4-88-95</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kopel T, Kaufman JS, Hamburg N et al. EndotheliumDependent and -Independent Vascular Function in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;12(10):1588– 1594. doi: 10.2215/cjn.12811216</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopel T, Kaufman JS, Hamburg N et al. EndotheliumDependent and -Independent Vascular Function in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;12(10):1588– 1594. doi: 10.2215/cjn.12811216</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramezanzadeh E, Fallah Arzpeyma S, Vakilpour A et al. Endothelial function assessment by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Caspian J Intern Med 2023;14(4):668–675. doi: 10.22088/cjim.14.4.668</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramezanzadeh E, Fallah Arzpeyma S, Vakilpour A et al. Endothelial function assessment by flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Caspian J Intern Med 2023;14(4):668–675. doi: 10.22088/cjim.14.4.668</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Köhler R, Eichler I, Schönfelder H et al. Impaired EDHFmediated vasodilation and function of endothelial Ca-activated K channels in uremic rats. Kidney Int 2005;67(6):2280–2287. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00331.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Köhler R, Eichler I, Schönfelder H et al. Impaired EDHFmediated vasodilation and function of endothelial Ca-activated K channels in uremic rats. Kidney Int 2005;67(6):2280–2287. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00331.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gaynullina DK, Tarasova OS, Shvetsova AA et al. The Effects of Acidosis on eNOS in the Systemic Vasculature: A Focus on Early Postnatal Ontogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(11). doi: 10.3390/ijms23115987</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaynullina DK, Tarasova OS, Shvetsova AA et al. The Effects of Acidosis on eNOS in the Systemic Vasculature: A Focus on Early Postnatal Ontogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23(11). doi: 10.3390/ijms23115987</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanetti M, Gortan Cappellari G, Barbetta D et al. Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Renal Failure: Role of eNOS Activation and of Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2017;9(8). doi: 10.3390/nu9080895</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanetti M, Gortan Cappellari G, Barbetta D et al. Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Improve Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Renal Failure: Role of eNOS Activation and of Oxidative Stress. Nutrients 2017;9(8). doi: 10.3390/nu9080895</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li T, Gua C, Wu B et al. Increased circulating trimethylamine N-oxide contributes to endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018;495(2):2071–2077. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li T, Gua C, Wu B et al. Increased circulating trimethylamine N-oxide contributes to endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018;495(2):2071–2077. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguy L, Nilsson H, Lundgren J et al. Vascular function in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012;302(12):R1426–1435. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00696.2011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguy L, Nilsson H, Lundgren J et al. Vascular function in rats with adenine-induced chronic renal failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2012;302(12):R1426–1435. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00696.2011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spradley FT, White JJ, Paulson WD et al. Differential regulation of nitric oxide synthase function in aorta and tail artery from 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Physiol Rep 2013;1(6):e00145. doi: 10.1002/phy2.145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spradley FT, White JJ, Paulson WD et al. Differential regulation of nitric oxide synthase function in aorta and tail artery from 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Physiol Rep 2013;1(6):e00145. doi: 10.1002/phy2.145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamata K, Ohuchi K, Kirisawa H. Altered endotheliumdependent and -independent hyperpolarization and endotheliumdependent relaxation in carotid arteries isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2000;362(1):52–59. doi: 10.1007/s002100000248</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamata K, Ohuchi K, Kirisawa H. Altered endotheliumdependent and -independent hyperpolarization and endotheliumdependent relaxation in carotid arteries isolated from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2000;362(1):52–59. doi: 10.1007/s002100000248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evora PRB, Gomes WJ. Why Methylene Blue Is the Only Option for Blocking the cGMP/NO Pathway in The Treatment of Vasoplegic Shock? "Reasons That Reason Itself Does Not Know…". Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2021;36(3):I–ii. doi: 10.21470/16789741-2021-0957</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evora PRB, Gomes WJ. Why Methylene Blue Is the Only Option for Blocking the cGMP/NO Pathway in The Treatment of Vasoplegic Shock? "Reasons That Reason Itself Does Not Know…". Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2021;36(3):I–ii. doi: 10.21470/16789741-2021-0957</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denniss SG, Ford RJ, Smith CS et al. Chronic in vivo or acute in vitro resveratrol attenuates endothelium-dependent cyclooxygenase-mediated contractile signaling in hypertensive rat carotid artery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016;120(10):1141–1150. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00675.2015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denniss SG, Ford RJ, Smith CS et al. Chronic in vivo or acute in vitro resveratrol attenuates endothelium-dependent cyclooxygenase-mediated contractile signaling in hypertensive rat carotid artery. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016;120(10):1141–1150. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00675.2015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edwards JM, McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF. The Obligatory Role of the Acetylcholine-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Contraction in Hypertension: Can Arachidonic Acid Resolve this Inflammation? Curr Pharm Des 2020;26(30):3723–3732. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200417150121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edwards JM, McCarthy CG, Wenceslau CF. The Obligatory Role of the Acetylcholine-Induced Endothelium-Dependent Contraction in Hypertension: Can Arachidonic Acid Resolve this Inflammation? Curr Pharm Des 2020;26(30):3723–3732. doi: 10.2174/1381612826666200417150121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baretella O, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM. Acidosis prevents and alkalosis augments endothelium-dependent contractions in mouse arteries. Pflugers Arch 2014;466(2):295–305. doi: 10.1007/s00424-013-1323-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baretella O, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM. Acidosis prevents and alkalosis augments endothelium-dependent contractions in mouse arteries. Pflugers Arch 2014;466(2):295–305. doi: 10.1007/s00424-013-1323-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лобов ГИ, Соколова ИБ. Роль NO и H2S в регуляции тонуса церебральных сосудов при хронической болезни почек. Рос физиол журн им. ИМ Сеченова 2020;106(8):1002–1015. doi: 10.31857/S0869813920080063</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lobov GI, Sokolova IB. Role of NO and H2S in the regulation of the tone of cerebral vessels in chronic kidney disease. Ross fiziol zhurn im IM Sechenova 2020;106(8):1002–1015. (In Russ.). doi: 10.31857/S0869813920080063</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang P, Sun C, Li H et al. TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4) Mediates Endothelium-Dependent Contractions in the Aortas of Hypertensive Mice. Hypertension 2018;71(1):134–142. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09767</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang P, Sun C, Li H et al. TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4) Mediates Endothelium-Dependent Contractions in the Aortas of Hypertensive Mice. Hypertension 2018;71(1):134–142. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09767</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ulu N, Mulder GM, Vavrinec P et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor PKI-166 governs cardiovascular protection without beneficial effects on the kidney in hypertensive 5/6 nephrectomized rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013;345(3):393–403. doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.203497</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ulu N, Mulder GM, Vavrinec P et al. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor PKI-166 governs cardiovascular protection without beneficial effects on the kidney in hypertensive 5/6 nephrectomized rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013;345(3):393–403. doi: 10.1124/jpet.113.203497</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashley Z, Mugloo S, McDonald FJ et al. Epithelial Na(+) channel differentially contributes to shear stress-mediated vascular responsiveness in carotid and mesenteric arteries from mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018;314(5):H1022–h1032. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00506.2017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashley Z, Mugloo S, McDonald FJ et al. Epithelial Na(+) channel differentially contributes to shear stress-mediated vascular responsiveness in carotid and mesenteric arteries from mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018;314(5):H1022–h1032. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00506.2017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
