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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2025-29-3-108-113</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NDFILB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2460</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL NOTES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нефрогенный несахарный диабет – редкие клинические случаи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus – rare clinical cases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5568-8748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берлович</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berlovich</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клинический ординатор Берлович Мария Сергеевна, отделение нейроэндокринологии отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p><p>117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Тел.: (495)6682079 (доб.7602)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical resident Mariia S. Berlovich MD, Department of Neuroendocrinology</p><p>117292, Moscow, Dm. Ulyanov St., build 11</p><p>Phone: (495)6682079 (ext.7602)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berlovichmaria@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8061-3242</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алейникова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleynikova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клинический ординатор Алейникова Юлия Александровна, отделение нейроэндокринологии отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p><p>117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Тел.: (495)6682079 (доб.7602)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical resident Yulia A. Aleynikova MD, Department of Neuroendocrinology</p><p>117292, Moscow, Dm. Ulyanov St., build 11</p><p>Phone: (495)6682079 (ext.7602)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleynikova.julia@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3625-6289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эбаноидзе</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ebanoidze</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант Эбаноидзе Лаура Гогиевна, отделение нейроэндокринологии отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p><p>117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Тел.: (495)6682079 (доб.7602)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate student Laura G. Ebanoidze, Department of Neuroendocrinology</p><p>117292, Moscow, Dm. Ulyanov St., build 11</p><p>Phone: (495)6682079 (ext.7602)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lauragogievna97@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6539-466X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пигарова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pigarova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ведущий научный сотрудник Пигарова Екатерина Александровна, д-р мед. наук, врач высшей квалификационной категории, отделение нейроэндокринологии отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p><p>117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Тел.: (495)6682079 (доб.3333)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading researcher Ekaterina A. Pigarova, MD, PhD, DMedSci, doctor of the highest qualifi cation category, Department of Neuroendocrinology</p><p>117292, Moscow, Dm. Ulyanov St., build 11</p><p>Phone: (495)6682079 (доб.3333)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kpigarova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-4619</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзеранова</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzeranova</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Дзеранова Лариса Константиновна, д-р мед. наук, врач высшей квалификационной категории, кафедра эндокринологии высшего и дополнительного профессионального образования, главный научный сотрудник отделения нейроэндокринологии отдела терапевтической эндокринологии</p><p>117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, д. 11</p><p>Тел.: (495)6682079 (доб.5420)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Larisa K. Dzeranova, MD, PhD, DMedSci, doctor of the highest qualifi cation category, Department of Endocrinology of Higher and Additional Professional Education, Chief Researcher of the Department of Neuroendocrinology</p><p>117292, Moscow, Dm. Ulyanov St., build 11</p><p>Phone: (495)6682079 (доб.5430)</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dzeranovalk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Берлович М.С., Алейникова Ю.А., Эбаноидзе Л.Г., Пигарова Е.А., Дзеранова Л.К., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Берлович М.С., Алейникова Ю.А., Эбаноидзе Л.Г., Пигарова Е.А., Дзеранова Л.К.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berlovich M.S., Aleynikova Y.A., Ebanoidze L.G., Pigarova E.A., Dzeranova L.K.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2460">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2460</self-uri><abstract><p>Нефрогенный несахарный диабет – это орфанное заболевание, характеризующееся неспособностью почек концентрировать мочу вследствие нечувствительности дистального отдела нефрона к антидиуретическому гормону. Первичный (наследственный) нефрогенный несахарный диабет чаще диагностируется в детском возрасте и ассоциирован с мутациями в генах AVPR2 и AQP2. Вторичный в большинстве случаев выявляется у взрослых пациентов на фоне заболеваний, нарушающих концентрационную функцию почек, терапии препаратами, подавляющими экспрессию AQP2 и метаболических нарушений (гипокалиемии и гиперкалиемии). При врожденных аномалиях развития мочевыделительной системы возможно развитие вторичного нефрогенного несахарного диабета и в раннем детском возрасте вследствие нарушения уродинамики. Клиническая картина заболевания характеризуется синдромом полиурии–полидипсии и в значительной степени зависит от уровня дегидратации и своевременной компенсации почечных потерь жидкости за счет адекватного потребления воды. В тяжелых случаях могут возникнуть серьезные осложнения, такие как гипернатриемическая дегидратация, задержка физического и психомоторного развития у детей раннего возраста. Учитывая разнообразие возможных клинических проявлений, диагностика нефрогенного несахарного диабета представляет собой непростую задачу в медицинской практике. В статье описаны два клинических случая у пациентов с генетически обусловленным и вторичным нефрогенным несахарным диабетом. Клинически схожая симптоматика наблюдается у обоих мужчин с рождения. Однако, принимая во внимание разную этиологию заболевания, подходы к лечению различаются. Своевременное выявление патологии и верная терапевтическая стратегия могут не только существенно повысить качество жизни пациентов, но и предотвратить серьезные осложнения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is an orphan disease characterized by the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine due to insensitivity of the distal nephron to antidiuretic hormone. Primary (hereditary) nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is often diagnosed in childhood and is associated with mutations in the AVPR2 and AQP2 genes. Secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, in most cases, is identified in adult patients against the backdrop of diseases that impair renal concentrating function, therapy with agents that suppress AQP2 expression, and metabolic disorders, such as hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. In congenital abnormalities of the urinary system, secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may also develop in early childhood due to impaired urodynamics. The clinical presentation of the disease is characterized by a polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, which significantly depends on the degree of dehydration and the timely compensation of renal fluid losses through adequate water intake. In severe cases, serious complications may arise, including hypernatremic dehydration and delays in physical and psychomotor development in young children. Given the diversity of potential clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus poses a challenging task in medical practice. This article describes two clinical cases of patients with genetically determined and secondary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Both men exhibit clinically similar symptoms from birth. However, given the differing etiology of the conditions, the treatment approaches vary. Timely detection of the condition and an appropriate therapeutic strategy can significantly enhance the quality of life for patients and prevent serious complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефрогенный несахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>полиурия</kwd><kwd>полидипсия</kwd><kwd>дегидратация</kwd><kwd>обструктивная уропатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nephrogenic diabetes insipidus</kwd><kwd>polyuria</kwd><kwd>polydipsia</kwd><kwd>dehydration</kwd><kwd>urinary tract diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fenske W, Allolio B. 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