<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2025-29-3-114-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">NQFDUD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2461</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PRACTICAL NOTES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности лечения локального амилоидоза мочевого пузыря: клиническое наблюдение и обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Treatment features of localised bladder amyloidosis: case report and literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0460-2685</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фокин</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fokin</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фокин Игорь Владимирович, канд. мед. наук, врач-уролог</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>Тел.: + 7 (915) 230 30 03</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Fokin, MD, PhD</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str. 2 bld. 1, Moscow, 119991</p><p>Phone: + 7 915 230 30 03</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doctor-fokin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7096-7423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азильгареева</surname><given-names>К. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azilgareeva</surname><given-names>C. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант Азильгареева Камилла Руслановна</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>Тел.: +7 (917) 769 05 79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Camilla R. Azilgareeva</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str. 2 bld. 1, Moscow, 119991</p><p>Phone: +7 917 769 05 79</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">camilla.azilgareeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9962-424X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент Мустафин Мансур Артурович</p><p>119435, Москва, Россия, ул. Россолимо, д. 11с2</p><p>Тел.: +7(906) 328 45 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student Mansur A. Mustafin</p><p>Rossolimo street 11 bld. 2, Moscow, 119435</p><p>Phone: +7(906) 328 45 55</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mustafout@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8861-8187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>Д. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolev</surname><given-names>D. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Королев Дмитрий Олегович, канд. мед. наук, врач-уролог</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>Тел.: +7(926)767-78-73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitriy O. Korolev, MD, PhD</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str. 2 bld. 1, Moscow, 119991</p><p>phone: +7(926)767-78-73</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korolev_d_o@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-5303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лернер</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lerner</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лернер Юлия Владимировна, канд. мед. наук, врач-патологоанатом</p><p>119048, Москва, Трубецкая ул., д. 8с2</p><p>Тел.: +7(915)162-46-08</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia V. Lerner, MD, PhD</p><p>Trubetskaya Str., 8, Bld. 2, Moscow, 119048</p><p>Phone: +7(915)162-46-08</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">juliajalerner@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-0226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rameev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Рамеев Вилен Вилевич, д-р мед. наук</p><p>119435, Россия, ул. Россолимо, д. 11, стр. 2</p><p>Тел.: +7(910)493-61-38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Vilen V. Rameev, MD, PhD, DMedSci</p><p>Rossolimo str. 11, p. 5, Moscow, 119435</p><p>Phone: +7(910)493-61-38</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vvrameev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7787-1240</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рапопорт</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rapoport</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Рапопорт Леонид Михайлович, д-р мед. наук</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>Тел.: +7 (495) 175-20-40</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Leonid M. Rapoport, MD, PhD, DMedSci</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str. 2 bld. 1, Moscow, 119991</p><p>Phone: +7 (495) 175-20-40</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rapoport_l_m@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-1315</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еникеев</surname><given-names>М. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Enikeev</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Еникеев Михаил Эликович, д-р мед. наук</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Большая Пироговская, д. 2, стр. 1</p><p>Тел.: +7 (495) 201-39-95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Michael E. Enikeev, MD, PhD, DMedSci</p><p>Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str. 2 bld. 1, Moscow, 119991</p><p>Phone: +7 (495) 201-39-95</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">enikeev_m_e@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт урологии и репродуктивного здоровья человека, Сеченовский Университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского, Сеченовский Университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for clinical medicine named after N.V.Sklifosovsky, Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клинической морфологии и цифровой патологии, Сеченовский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology, Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника ревматологии, нефрологии и профпатологии им. Е.М. Тареева, Сеченовский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Internal, Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology, Sechenov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фокин И.В., Азильгареева К.Р., Мустафин М.А., Королев Д.О., Лернер Ю.В., Рамеев В.В., Рапопорт Л.М., Еникеев М.Э., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фокин И.В., Азильгареева К.Р., Мустафин М.А., Королев Д.О., Лернер Ю.В., Рамеев В.В., Рапопорт Л.М., Еникеев М.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fokin I.V., Azilgareeva C.A., Mustafin M.A., Korolev D.O., Lerner Y.V., Rameev V.V., Rapoport L.M., Enikeev M.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2461">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2461</self-uri><abstract><p>Первичный локализованный амилоидоз мочевого пузыря – редкое заболевание доброкачественного характера. Частота встречаемости AL-амилоидоза составляет 3–5 случаев на 1 млн населения. Среди органов мочевыделительной системы амилоидоз мочевого пузыря – второй по частоте встречаемости после амилоидоза почек. Основным методом лечения локализованного амилоидоза мочевого пузыря является трансуретральная резекция образования. Также при рецидивирующих формах пациенту может быть предложена открытая или лапароскопическая резекция стенки мочевого пузыря или цистэктомия. Пациентка, 52 года, обратилась в клинику урологии Сеченовского Университета с жалобами на гематурию и боль в поясничной области. Из анамнеза известно, что ей выполнялись трансуретральная резекция мочевого пузыря и контактная уретеролитотрипсия по месту жительства. По результатам магнитно-резонансной томографии обнаружено утолщение стенки левого мочеточника на протяжении 15 мм от устья, накапливающее контрастное вещество, отмечается повышенный сигнал на DWI. Дистальный отдел левого мочеточника расширен до 7 мм. Проведена цистоскопия, при которой обнаружены стелящиеся опухолеподобные образования в треугольнике с распространением на устье левого мочеточника и левую стенку мочевого пузыря. Морфологическая картина биоптатов соответствовала AL-амилоидозу мочевого пузыря, после чего принято решение о проведении открытой резекции стенки мочевого пузыря с иссечением устья левого мочеточника. Пациентка находится под наблюдением с целью оценки долгосрочных результатов. Локализованный амилоидоз мочевого пузыря – редкое доброкачественное заболевание без специфических признаков, маскирующееся под рак мочевого пузыря, из-за чего высока вероятность ошибочного диагноза. Для его подтверждения необходимо морфологическое исследование. Стандартом лечения остаётся трансуретральная резекция стенки мочевого пузыря с поражённым участком. При вовлечении устья мочеточника, рецидивах заболевания и сохраняющейся гематурии следует выполнять открытую или лапароскопическую резекцию стенки мочевого пузыря. Для контроля рецидива рекомендовано регулярно выполнять МРТ таза и контрольные цистоскопии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Local amyloidosis of the bladder is a rare disease characterized by the colonization of the bladder wall by an abnormal clone of plasma cells that produce amyloidogenic immunoglobulin light chains. According to modern classification, this condition is classified as AL amyloidosis (A for amyloidosis, L for light chains of immunoglobulins). In cases of local amyloidosis, the amyloidogenic light chains of immunoglobulins are not present in the bloodstream, as the clone functions locally in the tissue and the synthesized immunoglobulins are retained by the interstitial tissue. As a result, plasma cells encased in amyloid are not accessible to chemotherapy. Due to this limitation, chemotherapy is not a viable treatment option for local amyloidosis. Radiation therapy is also not recommended as it could cause significant damage to the regenerative capacity of the bladder wall, leading to a reduction in mechanical strength and functionality. Therefore, the primary treatment method for local amyloidosis of the bladder is transurethral resection. In cases of recurrent forms, patients may be offered open or laparoscopic resection of the bladder wall or cystectomy. This case study presents a clinical observation of a patient with local amyloidosis of the bladder, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and discussing potential approaches to surgical treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>амилоидоз</kwd><kwd>мочевой пузырь</kwd><kwd>клиническое наблюдение</kwd><kwd>патология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>аmyloidosis</kwd><kwd>bladder</kwd><kwd>case report</kwd><kwd>pathology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Obaidy KI, Grignon D J. Primary Amyloidosis of the Genitourinary. Tract Arch Pathol Lab Med Jun. 2021;145(6):699–703. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0102-RA</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Obaidy KI, Grignon D J. Primary Amyloidosis of the Genitourinary. Tract Arch Pathol Lab Med Jun. 2021;145(6):699–703. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0102-RA</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kyle RA, Linos A, Beard CM et al. Incidence and natural history of primary systemic amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950 through 1989. Blood 1992 Apr 1;79(7):1817–1822. doi: 10.1182/BLOOD.V79.7.1817.1817</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kyle RA, Linos A, Beard CM et al. Incidence and natural history of primary systemic amyloidosis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1950 through 1989. Blood 1992 Apr 1;79(7):1817–1822. doi: 10.1182/BLOOD.V79.7.1817.1817</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Javed A, Canales BK, MacLennan GT. Bladder Amyloidosis. Journal of Urology Jun. 2010;183(6):2388–2389. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.069</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Javed A, Canales BK, MacLennan GT. Bladder Amyloidosis. Journal of Urology Jun. 2010;183(6):2388–2389. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.069</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahmood S, Bridoux F, Venner CP et al. Natural history and outcomes in localised immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis: a long-term observational study. Lancet Haematol 2015 Jun;2(6):e241–250. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00068-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahmood S, Bridoux F, Venner CP et al. Natural history and outcomes in localised immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis: a long-term observational study. Lancet Haematol 2015 Jun;2(6):e241–250. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3026(15)00068-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лысенко ЛВ (Козловская), Рамеев ВВ, Моисеев СВ и др. Клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению системного амилоидоза. Клиническая фармакология и терапия 2020; 29(1):13–24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lysenko LV (Kozlovskaya), Rameev VV, Moiseev SV et al. Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of systemic amyloidosis. Clinical pharmacology and therapy Feb. 2020;29(1):13–24. (In Russ.) doi: 10.32756/0869-5490-2020-1-13-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weber N, Mollee P, Augustson B et al. Management of systemic AL amyloidosis: recommendations of the Myeloma Foundation of Australia Medical and Scientific Advisory Group. Intern Med J 2015 Apr;45(4):371–382. doi: 10.1111/imj.12566. PMID: 25169210</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weber N, Mollee P, Augustson B et al. Management of systemic AL amyloidosis: recommendations of the Myeloma Foundation of Australia Medical and Scientific Advisory Group. Intern Med J 2015 Apr;45(4):371–382. doi: 10.1111/imj.12566. PMID: 25169210</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor MS, Sidiqi H, Hare J et al. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of amyloidosis. Intern Med J 2022 Dec;52(12):2046–2067. doi: 10.1111/imj.15974. Epub 2022 Dec 7. PMID: 36478370</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor MS, Sidiqi H, Hare J et al. Current approaches to the diagnosis and management of amyloidosis. Intern Med J 2022 Dec;52(12):2046–2067. doi: 10.1111/imj.15974. Epub 2022 Dec 7. PMID: 36478370</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рамеев ВВ, Козловская ЛВ, Рамеева АС, Тао ПП. Детергентные свойства как основа лечебного эффекта димексида при АА-амилоидозе инфекционной природы (клинический разбор). Нефрология. 2020;24(2):60–71. https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-2-60-71</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rameev V, Kozlovskaya L, Rameeva A, Tao P. Detergent properties as the basis of the dimexide therapeutic effect in AA-amyloidosis infectious nature (clinical case analysis). Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2020;24(2):60–71. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2020-24-2-60-71</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pyrgidis N, Mykoniatis I, Pegios VF et al. Amyloidosis of the Urinary Bladder: A Systematic Review and a Proposed Management Algorithm. Urology 2021 Oct;156:e12–e19. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.07.013. Epub 2021 Jul 25. PMID: 34314752</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pyrgidis N, Mykoniatis I, Pegios VF et al. Amyloidosis of the Urinary Bladder: A Systematic Review and a Proposed Management Algorithm. Urology 2021 Oct;156:e12–e19. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.07.013. Epub 2021 Jul 25. PMID: 34314752</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malek RS, Wahner-Roedler DL, Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder: experience with dimethyl sulfoxide therapy. J Urol 2002 Sep;168(3):1018–1020. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64564-8. PMID: 12187212</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malek RS, Wahner-Roedler DL, Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Primary localized amyloidosis of the bladder: experience with dimethyl sulfoxide therapy. J Urol 2002 Sep;168(3):1018–1020. doi: 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64564-8. PMID: 12187212</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merrimen JLO, Alkhudair WK, Gupta R. Localized amyloidosis of the urinary tract: Case series of nine patients. Urology May 2006;67(5):904–909. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.11.029</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merrimen JLO, Alkhudair WK, Gupta R. Localized amyloidosis of the urinary tract: Case series of nine patients. Urology May 2006;67(5):904–909. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2005.11.029</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan ESY, Ng CF, Chui KL et al. Primary bladder amyloidosis case report of a patient with delayed upper urinary tract obstruction 3 years after the diagnosis. Amyloid Mar. 2010;17(1):36–38. doi: 10.3109/13506121003619377</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan ESY, Ng CF, Chui KL et al. Primary bladder amyloidosis case report of a patient with delayed upper urinary tract obstruction 3 years after the diagnosis. Amyloid Mar. 2010;17(1):36–38. doi: 10.3109/13506121003619377</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yanada BA, Soputro NA, Dias B.H. Primary localised bladder amyloidosis – A case report with review of the literature. Urol Case Rep Jul. 2022;43. doi: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.102072</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanada BA, Soputro NA, Dias B.H. Primary localised bladder amyloidosis – A case report with review of the literature. Urol Case Rep Jul. 2022;43. doi: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.102072</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takahashi T, Miura H, Matsu-ura Y, Iwana S, Maruyama R, Harada T. Urine cytology of localized primary amyloidosis of the ureter: a case report. Acta Cytol 2005 May-Jun;49(3):319–322. doi: 10.1159/000326156. PMID: 15966296</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takahashi T, Miura H, Matsu-ura Y, Iwana S, Maruyama R, Harada T. Urine cytology of localized primary amyloidosis of the ureter: a case report. Acta Cytol 2005 May-Jun;49(3):319–322. doi: 10.1159/000326156. PMID: 15966296</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ng CS, Wan S, Yim AP, Vale J. Idiopathic localised bladder amyloidosis: rare cause of haematuria. Int Urol Nephrol 2002;34(1):55–58. doi: 10.1023/a:1021302827755. PMID: 12549640</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ng CS, Wan S, Yim AP, Vale J. Idiopathic localised bladder amyloidosis: rare cause of haematuria. Int Urol Nephrol 2002;34(1):55–58. doi: 10.1023/a:1021302827755. PMID: 12549640</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu ZY, Yan L, Wang HK, Hang G, Wang YY, Wen Q, Chen B. Bladder triangle amyloidosis: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Dec 9;101(49):e32179. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032179. PMID: 36626417; PMCID: PMC9750701</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu ZY, Yan L, Wang HK, Hang G, Wang YY, Wen Q, Chen B. Bladder triangle amyloidosis: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Dec 9;101(49):e32179. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032179. PMID: 36626417; PMCID: PMC9750701</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawashima A, Alleman WG, Takahashi N, Kim B, King BF Jr, LeRoy AJ. Imaging evaluation of amyloidosis of the urinary tract and retroperitoneum. Radiographics 2011 Oct;31(6):1569–1582. doi: 10.1148/rg.316115519. PMID: 21997982</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawashima A, Alleman WG, Takahashi N, Kim B, King BF Jr, LeRoy AJ. Imaging evaluation of amyloidosis of the urinary tract and retroperitoneum. Radiographics 2011 Oct;31(6):1569–1582. doi: 10.1148/rg.316115519. PMID: 21997982</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tsujioka Y, Jinzaki M, Tanimoto A, Nakagawa K, Akita H, Kikuchi E, Okuda S, Mikami S, Oya M, Kuribayashi S. Radiological findings of primary localized amyloidosis of the ureter. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012 Feb;35(2):431–435. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22858. Epub 2011 Oct 21. PMID: 22020852</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsujioka Y, Jinzaki M, Tanimoto A, Nakagawa K, Akita H, Kikuchi E, Okuda S, Mikami S, Oya M, Kuribayashi S. Radiological findings of primary localized amyloidosis of the ureter. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012 Feb;35(2):431–435. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22858. Epub 2011 Oct 21. PMID: 22020852</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tirzaman O, Wahner-Roedler DL, Malek RS, Sebo TJ, Li CY, Kyle RA. Primary localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder: a case series of 31 patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2000 Dec;75(12):1264–1268. doi: 10.4065/75.12.1264. PMID: 11126834</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tirzaman O, Wahner-Roedler DL, Malek RS, Sebo TJ, Li CY, Kyle RA. Primary localized amyloidosis of the urinary bladder: a case series of 31 patients. Mayo Clin Proc 2000 Dec;75(12):1264–1268. doi: 10.4065/75.12.1264. PMID: 11126834</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AHosseini A, Ploumidis A, Adding C, Wiklund NP. Radical surgery for treatment of primary localized bladder amyloidosis: could prostate-sparing robot-assisted cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion be an option? Scand J Urol 2013 Feb;47(1):72–75. doi: 10.3109/00365599.2012.693539. Epub 2012 Jul 2. PMID: 22746326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AHosseini A, Ploumidis A, Adding C, Wiklund NP. Radical surgery for treatment of primary localized bladder amyloidosis: could prostate-sparing robot-assisted cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion be an option? Scand J Urol 2013 Feb;47(1):72–75. doi: 10.3109/00365599.2012.693539. Epub 2012 Jul 2. PMID: 22746326</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crocitto LE, Eastham JA, Zien L, Skinner EC, Huffman JL. Management and evaluation of localized amyloidosis of the bladder: two case reports. Urology 1994 Aug;44(2):282–284. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(94)80152-5. PMID: 8048209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crocitto LE, Eastham JA, Zien L, Skinner EC, Huffman JL. Management and evaluation of localized amyloidosis of the bladder: two case reports. Urology 1994 Aug;44(2):282–284. doi: 10.1016/s0090-4295(94)80152-5. PMID: 8048209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim SH, Park WS, Joung JY, Lee KH, Chung J, Seo HK. A Surgically Treated Case of Ureterovesical Amyloidosis of the Bladder in a Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia. Case Rep Urol 2018 Sep 6;2018:1059349. doi: 10.1155/2018/1059349. PMID: 30258666; PMCID: PMC6146617</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim SH, Park WS, Joung JY, Lee KH, Chung J, Seo HK. A Surgically Treated Case of Ureterovesical Amyloidosis of the Bladder in a Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia. Case Rep Urol 2018 Sep 6;2018:1059349. doi: 10.1155/2018/1059349. PMID: 30258666; PMCID: PMC6146617</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнова АГ, Бондаренко СН, Кисина АА и др. Современные методы лечения Al амилоидоза: обзор литературы и собственные данные. Клиническая онкогематология. Фундаментальные исследования и клиническая практика 2013; 6(3):303–311</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smirnova AG, Bondarenko SN, Kisina AA and others. Modern methods of Al amyloidosis treatment: literature review and own data. Clinical oncohematology. Fundamental Research and Clinical Practice 2013; 6(3):303–311 (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen B, Retzlaff M, Roos T, Frydman J. Cellular strategies of protein quality control. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011;3(8):1–14. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004374</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen B, Retzlaff M, Roos T, Frydman J. Cellular strategies of protein quality control. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011;3(8):1–14. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004374</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sipe JD. Amyloid proteins: the beta sheet conformation and disease. 2005, Accessed: Feb. 19, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Amyloid+Proteins%3A+The+Beta+Sheet+Conformation+and+Disease-p-9783527619344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sipe JD. Amyloid proteins: the beta sheet conformation and disease. 2005, Accessed: Feb. 19, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Amyloid+Proteins%3A+The+Beta+Sheet+Conformation+and+Disease-p-9783527619344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
