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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2025-29-4-68-76</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PKDDFK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2497</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль цитокинов в формировании и прогнозировании рефрактерного нефротического синдрома при мембранозной нефропатии</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of cytokines in the formation and prediction of refractory neprotic syndrome in membranous nepropathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2277-9425</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшов</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashov</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц. Кудряшов Сергей Игоревич, канд. мед. наук</p><p>428015, г. Чебоксары, Московский пр., д. 15</p><p>Тел.: +7(917)6523499</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor Sergey I. Kudryashov, MD PhD</p><p>428015, Cheboksary, Moskovsky ave., build 15</p><p>Phone: +7(917)6523499</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">medicpro21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-6352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карзакова</surname><given-names>Л. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karzakova</surname><given-names>L. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Карзакова Луиза Михайловна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>428015, г. Чебоксары, Московский пр., д. 15</p><p>Тел.: +7(903)3588289</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Luiza M. Karzakova, MD, PhD, DMedSci</p><p>428015, Cheboksary, Moskovsky ave., build 15</p><p>Phone: +7(903)3588289</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luizak58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0488-9598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стенина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stenina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Стенина Марина Александровна, д-р мед. наук</p><p>117997, Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p><p>Тел.: +7(906)7463668</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Marina A. Stenina, MD, PhD, DMedSci</p><p>117997, Moscow, Ostrovityanova str., build 1</p><p>Phone: +7(906)7463668</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stenina_ma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудряшов С.И., Карзакова Л.М., Стенина М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудряшов С.И., Карзакова Л.М., Стенина М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudryashov S.I., Karzakova L.M., Stenina M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2497">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2497</self-uri><abstract><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Отсутствие надежных способов прогнозирования развития рефрактерной к лечению мембранозной нефропатии (МНП), протекающей с нефротическим синдромом (НС), связано с недостаточной изученностью механизмов формирования резистентности НС к лечению.ЦЕЛЬ: изучить особенности цитокинового статуса у пациентов с МНП и их значение в формировании и прогнозировании рефрактерного НС.ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Исследование было проспективным, включало когорту госпитализированных в нефрологическое отделение больных с МНП с активным НС, которые в последующем наблюдались в течение 24 мес в нефрологическом кабинете поликлиники. Конечная точка исследования совпадала с завершением 24-месячного наблюдения за пациентами, когда в зависимости от ответа на лечение обследуемая группа пациентов делилась на две подгруппы – подгруппу пациентов с чувствительным к лечению НС и подгруппу пациентов с рефрактерным НС. Определение уровней цитокинов IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A в крови и моче осуществляли одномоментно методом иммуноферментного анализа при завершении лечения пациентов.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Исследование включало 136 пациентов с МНП: 98 пациентов – в дебюте НС, 25 – с персистирующим НС и 13 – с частыми рецидивами НС. Через 24 мес наблюдения у 78 пациентов была установлена ремиссия НС. У 58 пациентов наблюдалась рефрактерность к лечению. У пациентов с рефрактерным НС обнаружено повышение в крови и моче исходных уровней провоспалительных цитокинов IL-8, IL-17A и снижение уровня IL-10 по сравнению с таковыми у пациентов, достигшими ремиссии заболевания.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. В соответствии с результатами исследования исходные нормализованные по креатинину показатели содержания в моче IL-8 и IL-17А можно использовать в роли биомаркеров раннего прогнозирования рефрактерного НС при МНП.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>BACKGROUND. The lack of reliable methods for predicting the development of treatment-refractory membranous nephropathy (MNP) with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is due to a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of NS resistance to treatment.THE AIM: to study the features of the cytokine status in patients with MNP and their significance in the formation and prediction of refractory NS.PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study was prospective and included a cohort of patients with MPN who were admitted to the nephrology department with active NS and were subsequently followed up for 24 months in the nephrologist's office at the polyclinic. The study endpoint was the completion of the 24-month follow-up period, during which the study group was divided into two subgroups based on their response to treatment: a subgroup of patients with treatment-responsive NS and a subgroup of patients with treatment-refractory NS. At the beginning of treatment and after 24 months, blood and urine samples were collected to determine the levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17A, which were stored at -70°C until analysis. The levels of cytokines were determined simultaneously using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at the end of treatment.RESULTS. The study included 136 patients with MNP: 98 patients with the debut of NS, 25 with persistent NS, and 13 with frequent NS relapses. After 24 months of follow-up, 78 patients were found to have NS remission. 58 patients were refractory to treatment. In patients with refractory NS, blood and urine samples showed increased baseline levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and IL-17A and decreased levels of IL-10 compared to those in patients who achieved disease remission.CONCLUSION. According to the results of the study, the initial normalized by creatinine levels of IL-8 and IL-17A in the urine can be used as biomarkers for early prediction of refractory NS in MPN</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гломерулонефрит</kwd><kwd>мембранозная нефропатия</kwd><kwd>рефрактерный нефротический синдром</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>glomerulonephritis</kwd><kwd>membranous nephropathy</kwd><kwd>refractory nephrotic syndrome</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование проводилось при финансовой поддержке Чувашского государственного университета им. И.Н. Ульянова», в частности внутриуниверситетских грантов №11-20 и №15-23.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out with the financial support of I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, in particular, intra-university grants No. 11-20 and No. 15-23.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lv JC, Zhang X. Prevalence and Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019;1165:3–15. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lv JC, Zhang X. Prevalence and Disease Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019;1165:3–15. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-8871-2_1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang L, Xu X, Zhang M et al. Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in China: Results From the Sixth China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. 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