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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2026-30-1-38-43</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GHKAKM</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2519</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сигнальная система Tas2R-рецепторов – взгляд астмолога</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Tas2R receptor signaling system – view of asthmologist</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-8137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минеев</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mineev</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф. Минеев Валерий Николаевич, д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В. Черноруцкого, заместитель директора НИИ ревматологии и аллергологии по научной работе</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10</p><p>Тел.: 8(921)359-62-95</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Valeriy N. Mineev, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Department of Hospital Therapy</p><p>197022, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build. 54</p><p>Phone: 8(921)3596295</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnmineev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-9795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нёма</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nyoma</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц. Нёма Михаил Александрович, канд. мед. наук, кафедра госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В. Черноруцкого</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10</p><p>Тел.: 8(904)333-85-67</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate professor Mikhail A. Nyoma, PhD (Medicine), Department of Hospital Therapy</p><p>197022, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build. 54</p><p>Phone: 8(904)333-85-67</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nyoma1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2113-5200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркина</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkina</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Муркина Рахиль Геннадьевна, кафедра госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В. Черноруцкого, клинический ординатор</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10</p><p>Тел.: 8(900)620-53-96</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Clinical resident Rakhil G. Murkina, Department of Hospital Therapy</p><p>197022, Russia, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build. 54 </p><p>Phone: 8(900)620-53-96</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mrg1327x@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова; Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии и аллергологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University; Research Institute of Rheumatology and Allergology, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>38</fpage><lpage>43</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Минеев В.Н., Нёма М.А., Муркина Р.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Минеев В.Н., Нёма М.А., Муркина Р.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mineev V.N., Nyoma M.A., Murkina R.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2519">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2519</self-uri><abstract><p>С 2010 года появились исследования, которые обнаружили экспрессию на клетках гладкой мускулатуры бронхов рецепторов к горькому вкусу Tas2R (так называемых экстралингвальных или эктопических), а затем на многих других клетках вне их канонической локализации, в частности, на клетках воспаления. Было установлено, что активация рецепторов Tas2R вопреки первоначальному ожидаемому авторами бронхоконстрикторному эффекту приводила к более выраженной (в 3 раза) бронходилатации, чем активация β2-агонистами. За прошедшие 15 лет после открытия эктопической экспрессии рецепторов Tas2R в респираторной системе наметились и развиваются целый ряд направлений исследований в этой новой области изучения бронхиальной астмы. Эти направления включают: I – исследование экспрессии субтипов рецепторов Tas2R на гладкой мускулатуре бронхов; II – исследования молекулярных механизмов Tas2R-сигнализации; III – исследования экспрессии рецепторов Tas2R на клетках респираторной системы (реснитчатый эпителий) и на клетках, принимающих участие в аллергическом воспалении (лимфоциты, тучные клетки, макрофаги и другие); IV -изучение полиморфизмов генов Tas2R и их связи с предрасположенностью к бронхиальной астме; V – исследования роли растворимых Tas2R-рецепторов при бронхиальной астме; VI – поиск возможностей применения активации Tas2R-рецепторов для таргетной терапии бронхиальной астмы. В обзоре рассмотрены основные положения направлений исследований в области Tas2R-сигнализации при бронхиальной астме и приведена основная литература в этой области. Несмотря на успехи в лечении бронхиальной астмы, известно, что контроль над заболеванием не всегда удается осуществить полностью. Делается вывод, что с учетом многогранности эффектов рецепторов TAS2R при бронхиальной астме (бронходилатация, снижение активности аллергического воспаления и гиперреактивности бронхов, влияние на ремоделирование) эти рецепторы являются перспективным кандидатом для разработки комплексной терапии бронхиальной астмы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since 2010, studies have been published that have found expression of bitter taste receptors Tas2R (the so-called extralingual or ectopic) on bronchial smooth muscle cells, and then on many other cells outside their canonical localization, in particular, on inflammatory cells. It was found that activation of Tas2R receptors, contrary to the bronchoconstrictor effect initially expected by the authors, led to more pronounced (3 times) bronchodilation than activation by β2 -agonists. Over the past 15 years since the discovery of ectopic expression of Tas2R receptors in the respiratory system, a number of research areas have emerged and are developing in this new field of bronchial asthma research. These areas include: I – study of the expression of Tas2R receptor subtypes on bronchial smooth muscle; II – studies of the molecular mechanisms of Tas2R-signaling; III – studies of Tas2R receptor expression on respiratory system cells (ciliated epithelium) and on cells involved in allergic inflammation (lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages, etc.); IV – studies of Tas2R gene polymorphisms and their association with predisposition to bronchial asthma; V – studies of the role of soluble Tas2R receptors in bronchial asthma; VI – search for opportunities to use Tas2R receptor activation for targeted therapy of bronchial asthma. The review examines the main positions of research areas in the field of Tas2R-signaling in bronchial asthma and provides the main literature in this area. Despite the achievements in the treatment of bronchial asthma, it is known that control over the disease cannot always be achieved completely. It is concluded that, given the versatility of the effects of tas2r receptors in bronchial asthma (bronchodilation, decreased activity of allergic inflammation and bronchial hyperreactivity, effects on remodeling), these receptors are a promising candidate for the development of comprehensive therapy for bronchial asthma.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>эктопические рецепторы к горькому вкусу</kwd><kwd>Tas2R-сигнализация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>ectopic bitter taste receptors</kwd><kwd>Tas2R-signaling</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention, 2025. Updated May 2025. 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