nefrНефрологияNephrology (Saint-Petersburg)1561-62742541-9439Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University10.36485/1561-6274-2026-30-2-19-26GPDSFOnefr-2570Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИREVIEWS AND LECTURESРоль Tas2R-сигнализации в иммунологическом ответе при бронхиальной астмеThe role of Tas2R-signaling in the immunological response in bronchial asthmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1268-9795НёмаМ. А.NyomaM. A.

Нёма Михаил Александрович, доц., канд. мед. наук 

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10.

 

Associate professor Mikhail A. Nyoma, MD, PhD

197022, Russia, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build.54

nyoma1@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-2113-5200МуркинаР. Г.MurkinaR. G.

Муркина Рахиль Геннадьевна, аспирант

197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10

Clinical resident Rakhil G. Murkina

197022, Russia, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build.54 

mrg1327x@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0001-9179-5667ЮнусоваМ. М.YunusovaM. M.

Юнусова Милена Марселевна, студент

197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10

student Milena M. Yunusova

197022, Russia, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build.54 

meelenayunusova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0352-8137МинеевВ. Н.MineevV. N.

Минеев Валерий Николаевич, проф.,  д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры госпитальной терапии им. акад. М.В. Черноруцкого, заместитель директора НИИ ревматологии и аллергологии по научной работе

197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17, корп. 10. 

Prof. Valeriy N. Mineev, MD, PhD, DMedSci

197022, Russia, St-Petersburg, L. Tolstoy st., 17, build. 54 

vnmineev@mail.ruКафедра госпитальной терапии имени акад. М.В. Черноруцкого, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова; Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии и аллергологии, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. ПавловаРоссияFirst Pavlov St.-Petersburg State Medical University, Department of Hospital TherapyRussian FederationКафедра госпитальной терапии имени акад. М.В. Черноруцкого, Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. ПавловаРоссияFirst Pavlov St.-Petersburg State Medical University, Department of Hospital TherapyRussian Federation2026260720263021926Copyright © Нёма М.А., Муркина Р.Г., Юнусова М.М., Минеев В.Н., 20262026Нёма М.А., Муркина Р.Г., Юнусова М.М., Минеев В.Н.Nyoma M.A., Murkina R.G., Yunusova M.M., Mineev V.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2570

Исследования роли эктопических рецепторов Tas2R к горькому вкусу при бронхиальной астме охватывают целый ряд звеньев патогенеза, включая, прежде всего, участие в формировании бронхообструктивного синдрома, в меньшей степени это касается исследований участия Tas2R-сигнализации в иммунологическом ответе. В обзоре анализируются известные к настоящему времени исследования, касающиеся экспрессии Tas2R-рецепторов на клетках как врождённого, включая такие компоненты, как физические барьеры (кожа и слизистые оболочки), так и приобретённого иммунного ответа (дендритные клетки, Tи B-лимфоциты). Представлены данные об экспрессии и основных функциях, которые опосредуют рецепторы Tas2R, в различных клетках иммунной системы. Tas2R-сигнализация, в целом, участвует в регуляции таких иммунологических процессов, как воспаление, включая высвобождение цитокинов из иммунокомпетентных клеток, стимуляцию фагоцитоза, а также участвует в распознавании различных патогенов, аллергенов и таких молекул, как quorum-sensing молекул, выделяемых грамотрицательными бактериями. Tas2R-рецепторы рассматриваются как перспективные фармакологические мишени особенно при трудно контролируемых вариантах бронхиальной астмы, резистентных к глюкокортикоидной терапии.

Research into the role of ectopic Tas2R bitter taste receptors in bronchial asthma encompasses a wide range of pathogenesis factors, including, primarily, their involvement in the development of broncho-obstructive syndrome. The role of the Tas2R signaling pathway in the immune response is less studied. This review analyzes currently available studies on the expression of Tas2R receptors on cells of both the innate immune response, including components such as physical barriers (skin and mucous membranes), and the adaptive immune response (dendritic cells, Tand B-lymphocytes). Data on the expression and primary functions mediated by Tas2R receptors in various cells of the immune system are presented. Tas2R signaling is generally involved in the regulation of immunological processes such as inflammation, including the release of cytokines from immune cells and the stimulation of phagocytosis. Tas2R receptors also participate in the recognition of various pathogens, allergens, and molecules such as quorum-sensing molecules secreted by Gram-negative bacteria. Tas2R receptors are considered promising pharmacological targets, particularly for difficult-to-control forms of bronchial asthma resistant to glucocorticoid therapy. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.