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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2026-30-2-36-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GYYPQO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2572</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Виртуальная нефробиопсия как база знаний по функционально-морфологическим паттернам</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Virtual nephrobiopsy as a knowledge base from functional-morphological patterns</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7449-9244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Слейман</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sleiman</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Слейман Малака, аспирант кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики с курсом молекулярной медицины</p><p>197022,  Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sleiman Malakah, MD, Postgraduate Student, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics with a Course in Molecular Medicine</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, L. Tolstoy St., bldg. 6-8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malakahsleiman2020@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-8693</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасун</surname><given-names>М. Х.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasun</surname><given-names>M. Kh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц. Хасун Мохамад Халедович, канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с клиникой имени академика М.Д. Тушинского</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khasun Mohamad Khaledovich, MD, PhD,  Associate Professor, Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, with the Academician M.D. Tushinsky Clinic</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, L. Tolstoy St., bldg. 17 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nefrolog2013@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9455-1043</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Румянцев Александр Шаликович, проф., д-р мед. наук кафедра факультетской терапии; профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней с клиникой имени академика М.Д. Тушинского</p><p>199106, Санкт-Петербург, 21-я линия В.О., д. 8а; 197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof . Aleksandr Sh. Rumyantsev MD, PhD, DMed Sci., Department of faculty therapy; Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p><p>199106, St. Petersburg, 21st line V.O., 8a; , L'va Tolstogo str. 6-8, Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rash.56@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5837-6703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашина</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashina</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кашина Ирина Александровна, биолог экспресс-лаборатории № 2 Отделения лабораторной диагностики Центра лабораторной диагностики</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kashina Irina Aleksandrovna MD, Biologist, Express Laboratory No. 2, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, L. Tolstoy St., bldg. 17 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irinailar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3032-3008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разумовская</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Razumovskaya</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Разумовская Мария Сергеевна, врач клинической лабораторной диагностики экспресс-лаборатории № 2 Отделения лабораторной диагностики Централабораторной диагностики</p><p>197022,  Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Razumovskaya Maria Sergeevna, MD, Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics Physician, Express Laboratory No. 2, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Center for Laboratory Diagnostics</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, L. Tolstoy St., bldg. 17</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kosovec.mariya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-0439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эмануэль</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Emanuel</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эмануэль Владимир Леонидович, проф., д-р мед. наук, заведующий кафедрой клинической лабораторной диагностики с курсом молекулярной медицины </p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Л. Толстого, д. 6–8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor Emanuel Vladimir Leonidovich, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Head of the Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics with a Course in Molecular Medicine</p><p>197022, Saint Petersburg, L. Tolstoy St., bldg. 6-8</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladimirem1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Слейман М., Хасун М.Х., Румянцев А.Ш., Кашина И.А., Разумовская М.С., Эмануэль В.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Слейман М., Хасун М.Х., Румянцев А.Ш., Кашина И.А., Разумовская М.С., Эмануэль В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sleiman M., Khasun M.K., Rumyantsev A.S., Kashina I.A., Razumovskaya M.S., Emanuel V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2572">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2572</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Диагностика заболеваний почек остаётся серьёзной задачей, поскольку во многих случаях базируется на исследовании прижизненного нефробиоптата, поскольку морфологическая форма заболевания определяет тактику лечения, в том числе с применением агрессивных фарм препаратов. Определение патогенетической группы нефропатии неинвазивным способом снижает риск медикаментозного воздействия в случаях лечения без морфологической диагностики. </p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: разработка математического аппарата построения виртуальных морфологических характеристик почек по совокупности данных об их функциональном состоянии. </p></sec><sec><title>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ</title><p>ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ: технологии на основе искусственного интеллекта с машинным обучением по данных 571 пациента с морфологическим диагнозом. </p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ </title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ . Предложенный комплекс методов медицинской информатики демонстрирует потенциал для виртуального патоморфологического конструирования и повышения безопасности медицинской помощи, обеспечивая поддержку принятия клинических решений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>BACKGROUND. Diagnosis of kidney diseases remains a serious challenge, as in many cases it is based on the examination of a kidney biopsy specimen, since the morphological form of the disease determines the treatment strategy, including the use of aggressive pharmacological agents. Non-invasive determination of the pathogenetic group of nephropathy reduces the risk of drug exposure in cases of treatment without morphological diagnosis. </p></sec><sec><title>THE AIM</title><p>THE AIM. Development of a mathematical apparatus for constructing virtual morphological characteristics of the kidneys based on aggregate data on their functional status. </p></sec><sec><title>PATIENTS AND METHODS</title><p>PATIENTS AND METHODS. Artificial intelligence technologies with machine learning based on data from 571 patients with morphological diagnoses. </p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. The proposed set of medical informatics methods demonstrates potential for virtual pathomorphological modeling and improving healthcare safety by providing clinical decision support. </p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. The proposed system can be used as a clinical decision support tool, enabling patient stratification into three pathogenetic groups (glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular) that differ in principles of clinical management and drug therapy. This highlights the potential of medical informatics and machine learning methods for improving the clinical interpretability of nephrobiopsy data.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd><kwd>нефропатии</kwd><kwd>неинвазивная диагностика</kwd><kwd>морфологические паттерны</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование тяжести</kwd><kwd>Random Forest</kwd><kwd>биомаркер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd><kwd>nephropathies</kwd><kwd>non-invasive diagnostics</kwd><kwd>morphological patterns</kwd><kwd>severity prediction</kwd><kwd>Random Forest</kwd><kwd>biomarker</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилов ЕМ, Есаян АМ, Петрова НЮ, Артемов ДВ, Батюшин ММ, Бевзенко АЮ, Бельских АН, Веселкова НВ, Ивлиев СВ, Стаценко МЕ, Столяр АГ, Шилова ММ. 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