<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36485/1561-6274-2026-30-2-111-118</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KGCARI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-2579</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ультраструктурная 3D-визуализация нефрона в процессе реализации хронической болезни почек на примере тубулоинтерстициального нефрита инфекционного генеза (пилотное исследование).</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrastructural 3d visualization of the nephron in the process of realization of chronic kidney disease using infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis (pilot study)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-8510</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бердичевский</surname><given-names>Б. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdichevsky</surname><given-names>B. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бердичевский Борис Аркадьевич, проф., д-р мед. наук, кафедра детской хирургии с курсом урологии и андрологии</p><p>625016, Тюменская область, г. Тюмень, ул. Пермякова, д. 50А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Boris Arkadyevich Berdichevsky, MD, Department of Pediatric Surgery with a Course in Urology and Andrology, Professor</p><p>625016, Tyumen Oblast, Tyumen, Permyakova Street, Building 50A</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doktor_bba@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-6630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василькова</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilkova</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василькова Татьяна Николаевна, проф., д-р мед. наук, кафедра факультетской терапии, заведующий кафедрой, главный внештатный специалист по терапии</p><p>625023, Тюменская область, г. Тюмень, ул. Одесская, д. 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof. Tatyana Nikolaevna Vasilkova, MD, Department of Faculty Therapy, Head of the Department, Chief External Therapy Specialist of the Ural Federal District</p><p>625023, Tyumen Oblast, Tyumen, Odesskaya Street, Building 54</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilkova@tyumsmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1333-2922</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубик</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubik</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубик Григорий Васильевич</p><p>625062, Тюменская область, г. Тюмень, ул. Раушана Абдуллина, д. 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Grigory Vasilievich Zubik, Institute of Clinical Medicine</p><p>625062, Tyumen Oblast, Tyumen, 54 Raushan Abdullina Street</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grisha.zubik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-4769</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Учаев</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uchaev</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Учаев Даниил Анатольевич, врач-патологоанатом, специалист отдела просвечивающей электронной микроскопии</p><p>454080, Челябинская область, г. Челябинск, проспект Ленина, д. 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil Anatolyevich Uchaev, Pathologist, Transmission Electron Microscopy Specialist</p><p>454080, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Chelyabinsk, Lenin Avenue, Building 76 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uchaevda@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2226-765X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корабельников</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korabelnikov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корабельников Михаил Алексеевич, врач-радиолог</p><p>625062, Тюменская область, г. Тюмень, ул. Юрия Семовских, д. 12</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Alekseevich Korabelnikov, Radiologist</p><p>625062, Tyumen Oblast, Tyumen, Lenin Avenue, Building 76 Yuri Semovskikh St., Building 12</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kma_doc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тюменский государственный медицинский университет, институт клинической медицины</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-образовательный центр «Нанотехнологии», Южно-Уральский государственный университет (Национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nanotechnology Research and Educational Center, SUSU National Research University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Радиологический центр «Медицинский город»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Radiology Center, Tyumen Regional Clinical Medical Center "Medical City"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бердичевский Б.А., Василькова Т.Н., Зубик Г.В., Учаев Д.А., Корабельников М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бердичевский Б.А., Василькова Т.Н., Зубик Г.В., Учаев Д.А., Корабельников М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berdichevsky B.A., Vasilkova T.N., Zubik G.V., Uchaev D.A., Korabelnikov M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2579">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2579</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>ВВЕДЕНИЕ</title><p>ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП), в частности, тубулоинтерстициальный нефрит инфекционного генеза, является значимой медико-социальной проблемой, сопровождающейся морфологическими изменениями нефрона, которые сложно детально изучить традиционными методами. Современные технологии, такие как ПЭТ/КТ с 18F-ФДГ и просвечивающая электронная микроскопия (ПЭМ) с последующей 3D-реконструкцией, открывают новые возможности для оценки структурно-функционального состояния нефрона и почечной паренхимы. </p></sec><sec><title>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</title><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Дать оценку ультраструктурной 3D-визуализации нефрона в процессе реализации хронической болезни почек на примере тубулоинтерстициального нефрита инфекционного генеза. </p></sec><sec><title>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ </title><p>МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ . Проведено пилотное исследование с участием трёх пациентов, проходивших ПЭТ/КТ с расчетом стандартизированного уровня захвата (SUVmax) почками 18F-ФДГ и ПЭМ биоптатов почечной паренхимы с увеличением в 10 000 раз для изучения ультраструктуры нефронов. На основе данных электронной микроскопии, выполнена 3D-блочная реконструкция нефрона, также выполнялась 3D-секционная реконструкция почки после нефрэктомии по макропрепарату. </p></sec><sec><title>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ</title><p>РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У пациентов с тубулоинтерстициальным нефритом инфекционного генеза на 3D-ультраструктурном уровне выявлены утолщение и дезорганизация базальных мембран, фокальные некрозы, склероз клубочков и слущивание эпителия. Показатели SUVmax на ПЭТ/КТ при этом снижались пропорционально тяжести ультраструктурных изменений. </p></sec><sec><title>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ </title><p>ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ . Дана оценка оригинальной методике ультраструктурной 3D-визуализации нефрона с увеличением в 10 000 раз по результатам просвечивающей электронной микроскопии в процессе реализации хронической болезни почек на примере тубулоинтерстициального нефрита инфекционного генеза, дополненная результатами ПЭТ/КТ метаболизма почечной паренхимы к 18F-ФДГ и 3D-анатомической визуальной реконструкцией почечной паренхимы по макропрепарату после нефрэктомии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>INTRODUCTION</title><p>INTRODUCTION. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis, is a significant medical and social problem, characterized by morphological changes in the nephron that are difficult to study in detail using traditional methods. Modern technologies, such as 18F-FDG PET/CT and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with subsequent 3D reconstruction, offer new opportunities for assessing the structural and functional state of the nephron and renal parenchyma. </p></sec><sec><title>THE AIM</title><p>THE AIM. To evaluate ultrastructural 3D visualization of the nephron during the progression of chronic kidney disease using infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis as an example.</p></sec><sec><title> MATERIALS AND METHODS</title><p> MATERIALS AND METHODS. A pilot study was conducted involving three patients who underwent PET/CT with calculation of the standardized uptake level (SUVmax) of 18F-FDG by the kidneys and TEM of renal parenchymal biopsies at 10,000x magnification to study the ultrastructure of nephrons. Based on electron microscopy data, 3D block reconstruction of the nephron was performed, as well as 3D sectional reconstruction of the kidney after nephrectomy using a macrospecimen. </p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>RESULTS. In patients with infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis, 3D ultrastructural findings revealed thickening and disorganization of the basement membranes, focal necrosis, glomerular sclerosis, and epithelial desquamation. SUVmax values on PET/CT decreased proportionally to the severity of ultrastructural changes. </p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION</title><p>CONCLUSION. An original method for ultrastructural 3D visualization of the nephron at 10,000x magnification using transmission electron microscopy data during chronic kidney disease (CKD) is evaluated using infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis as an example. This method is complemented by PET/CT imaging of renal parenchyma metabolism to 18F-FDG and 3D anatomical visual reconstruction of the renal parenchyma using a post-nephrectomy specimen.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефрон</kwd><kwd>ПЭТ/КТ</kwd><kwd>3D-визуализация</kwd><kwd>электронная микроскопия</kwd><kwd>тубулоинтерстициальный нефрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nephron</kwd><kwd>PET/CT</kwd><kwd>3D visualization</kwd><kwd>electron microscopy</kwd><kwd>tubulointerstitial nephritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dondi F, Pisani AR, Lucarelli NM, Gazzilli M, Talin A, Albano D, Rubini D, Maggialetti N, Rubini G, Bertagna F. Correlation between Kidney Uptake at [18F]FDG PET/CT and Renal Function. J Pers Med 2023 Dec 28;14(1):40. doi: 10.3390/jpm14010040. PMID: 38248741; PMCID: PMC10817585</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dondi F, Pisani AR, Lucarelli NM, Gazzilli M, Talin A, Albano D, Rubini D, Maggialetti N, Rubini G, Bertagna F. Correlation between Kidney Uptake at [18F]FDG PET/CT and Renal Function. J Pers Med 2023 Dec 28;14(1):40. doi: 10.3390/jpm14010040. PMID: 38248741; PMCID: PMC10817585</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anumudu Samaya, Eknoyan Garabed. Pyelonephritis: A Historical Reassessment. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology June 2019;30(6):914–917. doi: 10.1681/ASN. 2019010017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anumudu Samaya, Eknoyan Garabed. Pyelonephritis: A Historical Reassessment. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology June 2019;30(6):914–917. doi: 10.1681/ASN. 2019010017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ademola Babatunde Lawrence, Atanda Akinfenwa T, Aji Sani A, Abdu Aliyu. Clinical, morphological and histological features of chronic pyelonephritis: an 8-year review. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal January–March 2020;27(1):37–41. doi: 10.4103/ npmj.npmj_109_19</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ademola Babatunde Lawrence, Atanda Akinfenwa T, Aji Sani A, Abdu Aliyu. Clinical, morphological and histological features of chronic pyelonephritis: an 8-year review. Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal January–March 2020;27(1):37–41. doi: 10.4103/ npmj.npmj_109_19</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levassort H, Essig M. Le rein, son anatomie et ses grandes fonctions [The kidney, its anatomy and main functions]. Soins Gerontol 2024 Jan-Feb;29(165):10–20. French. doi: 10.1016/j. sger.2023.12.003. Epub 2024 Jan 18. PMID: 38331520</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levassort H, Essig M. Le rein, son anatomie et ses grandes fonctions [The kidney, its anatomy and main functions]. Soins Gerontol 2024 Jan-Feb;29(165):10–20. French. doi: 10.1016/j. sger.2023.12.003. Epub 2024 Jan 18. PMID: 38331520</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romagnani P, Remuzzi G, Glassock R, Levin A, Jager KJ, Tonelli M, Massy Z, Wanner C, Anders HJ. Chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017 Nov;23;3:17088. doi: 10.1038/ nrdp.2017.88. PMID: 29168475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romagnani P, Remuzzi G, Glassock R, Levin A, Jager KJ, Tonelli M, Massy Z, Wanner C, Anders HJ. Chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017 Nov;23;3:17088. doi: 10.1038/ nrdp.2017.88. PMID: 29168475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui Y, Chen Y, Zhao J. Application of 3D reconstruction technology for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: a case report. Quantum Imaging Med Surg 2021. doi: 10.21037/ qims-21-691</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cui Y, Chen Y, Zhao J. Application of 3D reconstruction technology for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: a case report. Quantum Imaging Med Surg 2021. doi: 10.21037/ qims-21-691</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Аmparore D, Pecoraro A, Piramide F, Verri P, Checcucci E, De Cillis S, Piana A, Burgio M, Di Dio M, Manfredi M, Fiori C, Porpiglia F. Three-dimensional imaging reconstruction of renal anatomy for customized minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: a pilot study. Asian Journal of Urology 2022;9(3):263–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2022.06.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Аmparore D, Pecoraro A, Piramide F, Verri P, Checcucci E, De Cillis S, Piana A, Burgio M, Di Dio M, Manfredi M, Fiori C, Porpiglia F. Three-dimensional imaging reconstruction of renal anatomy for customized minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: a pilot study. Asian Journal of Urology 2022;9(3):263–271. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.ajur.2022.06.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Toshiyuki Imasawa, Emilie Obre, Nadège Bellance. High glucose repatterns human podocyte energy metabolism during differentiation and diabetic nephropathy. FASEB October 2016; 31(1):294–307. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201600293</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Toshiyuki Imasawa, Emilie Obre, Nadège Bellance. High glucose repatterns human podocyte energy metabolism during differentiation and diabetic nephropathy. FASEB October 2016; 31(1):294–307. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201600293</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sufiya Hussain. Role of podocytes in kidney diseases. Front. Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2024;29(7):250. https://doi.org/10.31083/j.fbl2907250</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sufiya Hussain. Role of podocytes in kidney diseases. Front. Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2024;29(7):250. https://doi.org/10.31083/j. fbl2907250</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koichiro Ichimura, Soichiro Kakuta, Yuto Kawasaki. Morphological process of podocyte development revealed by block scanning electron microscopy. J Cell Sci 2017;130 (1):132–142. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.187815</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koichiro Ichimura, Soichiro Kakuta, Yuto Kawasaki. Morphological process of podocyte development revealed by block scanning electron microscopy. J Cell Sci 2017;130 (1):132–142. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.187815</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glancy B, Kim Y, Katti P and Willingham TB. Functional impact of mitochondrial structure at subcellular scales. Front Physiol 2020;11:541040. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.541040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glancy B, Kim Y, Katti P and Willingham TB. Functional impact of mitochondrial structure at subcellular scales. Front Physiol 2020;11:541040. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.541040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hao Jiao · Yongkang Qiu · Zhao Chen. Multiple metabolic analysis of [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with kidney disease. Research article February 28, 2025;11(4) Open access</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hao Jiao · Yongkang Qiu · Zhao Chen. Multiple metabolic analysis of [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with kidney disease. Research article February 28, 2025;11(4) Open access</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandey A, Chaudhary S, Singh CB, Gujral K, Gandhi O, Singh S. PET Imaging in Renal Inflammation: Insights into Diagnosis and Disease Progression. J Nucl Med 2025 Jun;66(Suppl 1):251736</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandey A, Chaudhary S, Singh CB, Gujral K, Gandhi O, Singh S. PET Imaging in Renal Inflammation: Insights into Diagnosis and Disease Progression. J Nucl Med 2025 Jun;66(Suppl 1):251736</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moghrabi S, Abdlkadir AS, Al-Hajaj N, Gnanasegaran G, Kumar R, Syed G, Bozkurt MF, Shukri S, Obeidat S, Khalaf A et al. ANewEraforPET/CT:Applications in Non-Tumorous Renal Pathologies. J Clin Med 2024;13:4632. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm1316463</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moghrabi S, Abdlkadir AS, Al-Hajaj N, Gnanasegaran G, Kumar R, Syed G, Bozkurt MF, Shukri S, Obeidat S, Khalaf A et al. ANewEraforPET/CT:Applications in Non-Tumorous Renal Pathologies. J Clin Med 2024;13:4632. https://doi.org/10.3390/ jcm1316463</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiao H, Qiu Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Huang W, Yang Q, Kang L. Multiple metabolic analysis of [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with kidney disease. Heliyon 2025 Feb 6;11(4):e42522. doi: 10.1016/j. heliyon.2025.e42522. PMID: 40028531; PMCID: PMC11870161</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiao H, Qiu Y, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Huang W, Yang Q, Kang L. Multiple metabolic analysis of [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with kidney disease. Heliyon 2025 Feb 6;11(4):e42522. doi: 10.1016/j. heliyon.2025.e42522. PMID: 40028531; PMCID: PMC11870161</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рекомендации по проведению и описанию исследований методом позитронно-эмиссионной томографии, совмещенной с компьютерной томографией, проводимых за счет средств Московского городского фонда обязательного медицинского страхования: методические рекомендации / сост. М.Я. Смолярчук [и др.]. Серия «Лучшие практики лучевой и инструментальной диагностики». Вып. 87. 2-е изд., доп. ГБУЗ «НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ», М., 2021, 80 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Recommendations for conducting and describing studies using the positron emission tomography method combined with computed tomography, carried out at the expense of the Moscow City Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund: methodological recommendations / compiled by M.Ya. Smolyarchuk [et al.]. Series "Best Practices in Radiation and Instrumental Diagnostics". Issue 87, 2nd ed., suppl. State Budgetary Healthcare Institution "Research and Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Tonography of the Moscow Department of Health", M., 2021, 80 p</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2025663706 Российская Федерация. Компьютерная программа визуальной и блочной 3D-ультраструктурной оценки вероятности воспалительных изменений в нефроне по результатам ПЭТ/КТ всего тела 18F-ФДГ глюкозой: заявл. 29.05.2025: опубл. 29.05.2025 / Б.А. Бердичевский, В.Б. Бердичевский, Г.В. Зубик, Э.Ф. Ахундов ; заявитель федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации. EDN XXQNRE</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Certificate of State Registration of Computer Program No. 2025663706 Russian Federation. Computer program for visual and block 3D ultrastructural assessment of the probability of inflammatory changes in the nephron based on the results of whole-body PET/CT with 18F-FDG glucose: declared 29.05.2025: published 29.05.2025 / B.A. Berdichevsky, V.B. Berdichevsky, G.V. Zubik, E.F. Akhundov; applicant Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Tyumen State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. EDN XXQNRE</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
