<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2017-21-4-68-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-281</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ТЕЧЕНИЯ ИДИОПАТИЧЕСКОЙ ГИПЕРКАЛЬЦИУРИИ У ДЕТЕЙ. АНАЛИЗ КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA IN CHILDREN. ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY MANIFESTATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц., канд. мед. наук</p><p>656038, Россия, г. Барнаул, ул. Ленина, д. 40. Алтайский государственный медицинский университет, кафедра пропедевтики детских болезней. Тел.: (3852) 366-179</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DMedSci.</p><p>656038 Russia, Barnaul, Lenin Avenue, 40, Altai State Medical University Department of propaedeutics of children’s diseases, KMedSei. Phone: (3852) 366-179</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">micheeva.1974@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выходцева</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vykhodtseva</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф., д-р мед. наук</p><p>656038, Россия, г. Барнаул, ул. Ленина, д. 40. Алтайский государственный медицинский университет, кафедра педиатрии с курсом ДПО. Тел.: (3852) 366-179</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof., MD, PhD, DMedSci.</p><p>656038 Russia, Barnaul, Lenin Avenue, 40, Altai State Medical University Department of Pediatrics with course of postgraduate education, DMedSei. Phone: (3852) 366-179</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dekanat1966@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Я. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>Ya. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф.</p><p>656038, Россия, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, д. 40. Алтайский государственный медицинский университет, кафедра фармакологии. Тел.: (3852) 619-182</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof., DMedSci</p><p>Russia 656038, Barnaul, Leninast., 40 Altai State Medical University Department of Pharmacology. Phone: (3852) 619-182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zver@agmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф.</p><p>656038, Россия, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, д. 40. Алтайский государственный медицинский университет кафедра пропедевтики детских болезней. Тел.: (3852) 619-182</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Prof., DMedSci.</p><p>Russia 656000, Barnaul, Leninast., 40 Altai State Medical University Department of Propudeutics of Childrens Diseases. Phone: (3852) 619-182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luf@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Altai State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михеева Н.М., Выходцева Г.И., Зверев Я.Ф., Лобанов Ю.Ф., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михеева Н.М., Выходцева Г.И., Зверев Я.Ф., Лобанов Ю.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikheeva N.M., Vykhodtseva G.I., Zverev Y.F., Lobanov Y.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/281">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/281</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: анализ клинико-лабораторных проявлений гиперкальциурии у детей г. Барнаула, проживающих в зоне резко континентального климата Юга Западной Сибири. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование включены 239 детей в возрасте от 1 мес до 16 лет (средний возраст 6,6±2,72 года) с идиопатической гиперкальциурией (ИГ), диагностированной по уровню кальций/креатининового коэффициента (ККК) более 0,6 ммоль/ммоль и нормального плазменного содержания кальция и паратгормона. Проводилось общеклиническое обследование, а также биохимическое исследование крови и мочи с определением уровня кальция, фосфора, креатинина, мочевины и мочевой кислоты, ультразвуковое исследование почек и мочевого пузыря, рентгеноконтрастные методы исследования по показаниям. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Отягощенная наследственность по мочекаменной болезни (МКБ) была зарегистрирована у 56,1% детей с гиперкальциурией. Анализ сопутствующей патологии показал сочетание ИГ с МКБ у 15,1% пациентов, с инфекциями мочевой системы (ИМС) – у 38,5%, с аномалиями органов мочевой системы – у 27,2% и нейрогенными расстройствами мочеиспускания – у 9,2% детей. В клинической картине заболевания преобладали дизурические расстройства (48,5%) и умеренно выраженный отечный синдром (45,6%). В мочевом осадке у детей с гиперкальциурией наиболее часто регистрировались кристаллурия (31,8%), микрогематурия (19,2%) и лейкоцитурия (13,8%). ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Идиопатическая гиперкальциурия у детей нередко сочетается с такими патологическими состояниями, как ИМС, нейрогенные расстройства мочеиспускания, аномалии органов мочевой системы, и является причиной развития МКБ уже в детском возрасте.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE AIM: to study clinical and laboratory manifestations of hypercalciuria in children of Barnaul, living in the zone of sharply continental climate of the South of Western Siberia. PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study included 239 children aged from 1 month to 16 years (mean age of 6.6±2,72 years) with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH), diagnosed according to the level of calcium/creatininemia coefficient (CCC), more than 0.6 mmol/mmol and normal plasma calcium and parathyroid hormone. Conducted physical examination and biochemical blood and urine determination of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, urea and uric acid, ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder, radiopaque research methods indicated. RESULTS. Family history of urolithiasis have been reported in 56.1% children with hypercalciuria. Analysis of comorbidity showed a combination of IH with urolithiasis in 15.1% patients with urinary system infections(USI) – in 38.5%, with anomalies of the urinary system – 27,2% children with neurogenic disorders of urination – at 9.2 percent. The clinical picture of the disease prevailed dysuric disorders (48,5%) and moderately pronounced edema syndrome (45,6%). In the urinary sediment of children with hypercalciuria, the most frequently recorded crystalluria (31,8%), microhematuria (19,2%) and leukocyturia (13.8%). CONCLUSION. Idiopathic hypercalciuria in children is often combined with such pathological conditions as USI, neurogenic disorders of urination, abnormalities of the urinary system and it is the cause of the development of the urolithiasis already in childhood.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>идиопатическая гиперкальциурия</kwd><kwd>клинико-лабораторные проявления</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>idiopathic hypercalciuria</kwd><kwd>clinical and laboratory manifestations</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Нефролитиаз как проявление идиопатической гиперкальциурии у детей Барнаула. Клиническая нефрология 2014; 2: 35-37 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Nefrolitiaz kak proyavleniye idiopaticheskoj giperkal’ciurii u detej. Klin. Nefrologija 2014; № 2: 35-37]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Нефролитиаз как проявление идиопатической гиперкальциурии у детей Барнаула. Клиническая нефрология 2014; 2: 35-37 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Nefrolitiaz kak proyavleniye idiopaticheskoj giperkal’ciurii u detej. Klin. Nefrologija 2014; № 2: 35-37]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lau KK. Clinical manifestations of pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; 1: 52-59</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lau KK. Clinical manifestations of pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; 1: 52-59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srivastava T, Schwaderer A. Diagnosis and management of hypercalciuria in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009; 21 (2): 214-219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srivastava T, Schwaderer A. Diagnosis and management of hypercalciuria in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009; 21 (2): 214-219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Naseri M, Alamdaran SA. Metabolic factors associated with urinary calculi in children. Iran J Kidney Dis 2010; 4 (1): 32-38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Naseri M, Alamdaran SA. Metabolic factors associated with urinary calculi in children. Iran J Kidney Dis 2010; 4 (1): 32-38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wróblewski T, Wystrychowski A. Hypercalciuria. Przegl Lek 2011; 68 (2): 107-113</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wróblewski T, Wystrychowski A. Hypercalciuria. Przegl Lek 2011; 68 (2): 107-113</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Copelovitch L. Urolithiasis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2012; 59 (4): 881-896</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Copelovitch L. Urolithiasis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2012; 59 (4): 881-896</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albright F, Henneman P, Benedict PH, Forbes AP. Idiopathic hypercalciuria: a preliminary report. Proc R Soc Med 1953; 46 (12): 1077-1081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albright F, Henneman P, Benedict PH, Forbes AP. Idiopathic hypercalciuria: a preliminary report. Proc R Soc Med 1953; 46 (12): 1077-1081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worcester EM, Coe FL. New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28 (2): 120-132</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worcester EM, Coe FL. New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28 (2): 120-132</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaneko K, Tsuchiya K, Kawamura R et al. Low prevalence of hypercalciuria in Japanese children. Nephron 2002; 91: 439-443</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaneko K, Tsuchiya K, Kawamura R et al. Low prevalence of hypercalciuria in Japanese children. Nephron 2002; 91: 439-443</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meliάn JS, García-Nieto V, Sosa AM. Herencía y prevalencia de hipercalciuria en la población infantile de la isla de La Gomera. Nefrología 2000; 20: 510-516</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meliάn JS, García-Nieto V, Sosa AM. Herencía y prevalencia de hipercalciuria en la población infantile de la isla de La Gomera. Nefrología 2000; 20: 510-516</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларина ТА, Кузнецова ТА, Цыгин АН. Распространенность гиперкальциурии по результатам скринингового обследования детей региона с высокой частотой мочекаменной болезни. Российский педиатрический журнал 2007; 3: 41-44 [Larina TA, Kuznecova TA, Cygin AN. Rasprostranennost’ giperkal’ciurii po re-zul’tatam skriningovogo obsledovanija detej regiona s vysokoj chastotoj mochekamennoj bolezni. Rossijskij pediatricheskij zhurnal 2007; № 3: 41-44]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ларина ТА, Кузнецова ТА, Цыгин АН. Распространенность гиперкальциурии по результатам скринингового обследования детей региона с высокой частотой мочекаменной болезни. Российский педиатрический журнал 2007; 3: 41-44 [Larina TA, Kuznecova TA, Cygin AN. Rasprostranennost’ giperkal’ciurii po re-zul’tatam skriningovogo obsledovanija detej regiona s vysokoj chastotoj mochekamennoj bolezni. Rossijskij pediatricheskij zhurnal 2007; № 3: 41-44]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manz F, Kehrt R, Lausen B, Merkel A. Urinary calcium excretion in healthy children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol 1999; 13: 894-849</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manz F, Kehrt R, Lausen B, Merkel A. Urinary calcium excretion in healthy children and adolescents. Pediatr Nephrol 1999; 13: 894-849</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеева НМ, Текутьева НА, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Идиопатическая гиперкальциурия и нейрогенные расстройства мочеиспускания у детей Барнаула. Клиническая нефрология 2013; 5: 42-44 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Idiopaticheskaja giperkal’ciurija i nejrogennye rasstrojstva mocheispuskanija u detej g. Barnaula. Klin nefrologija 2013; (5): 42-44]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Михеева НМ, Текутьева НА, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Идиопатическая гиперкальциурия и нейрогенные расстройства мочеиспускания у детей Барнаула. Клиническая нефрология 2013; 5: 42-44 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Idiopaticheskaja giperkal’ciurija i nejrogennye rasstrojstva mocheispuskanija u detej g. Barnaula. Klin nefrologija 2013; (5): 42-44]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Персистирующая гематурия как частое проявление идиопатической гиперкальциурии у детей. Клиническая нефрология 2014; 5: 42-44 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Persistiruyushaya gematuriya kak chastoye proyavleniye idiopaticheskoj giperkal’ciurii u detej. Klin. nefrologija 2014; 18 (1): 74-79]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Персистирующая гематурия как частое проявление идиопатической гиперкальциурии у детей. Клиническая нефрология 2014; 5: 42-44 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Persistiruyushaya gematuriya kak chastoye proyavleniye idiopaticheskoj giperkal’ciurii u detej. Klin. nefrologija 2014; 18 (1): 74-79]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Гиперкальциурия у детей с инфекцией мочевой системы. Нефрология 2014; 18 (1): 74-79 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Giperkal’ciuriya u detej s infekciej mochevoj sistemy. Nefrologija 2014; 18 (1): 74-79]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ, Лобанов ЮФ. Гиперкальциурия у детей с инфекцией мочевой системы. Нефрология 2014; 18 (1): 74-79 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF, Vyhodceva GI, Lobanov JuF. Giperkal’ciuriya u detej s infekciej mochevoj sistemy. Nefrologija 2014; 18 (1): 74-79]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ и др. Метаболические нарушения мочевой системы у детей с острым болевым абдоминальным синдромом. Клиническая нефрология 2016; 3-4: 46-48 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF,VyhodcevaGI, Lobanov JuF, Tokarev VP. Metabolicheskiye narusheniya u detej s ostrym bolevy abdominaljnym sindromom. Klin. nefrologija 2016; № 3-4: 46-48]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Михеева НМ, Зверев ЯФ, Выходцева ГИ и др. Метаболические нарушения мочевой системы у детей с острым болевым абдоминальным синдромом. Клиническая нефрология 2016; 3-4: 46-48 [Miheeva NM, Zverev JaF,VyhodcevaGI, Lobanov JuF, Tokarev VP. Metabolicheskiye narusheniya u detej s ostrym bolevy abdominaljnym sindromom. Klin. nefrologija 2016; № 3-4: 46-48]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Srivastava T, Schwaderer A. Diagnosis and management of hypercalciuria in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009; 21 (2): 214-219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Srivastava T, Schwaderer A. Diagnosis and management of hypercalciuria in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009; 21 (2): 214-219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akl K, Ghawanmeh R. The clinical spectrum of idiopathic hyperuricosuria in children: isolated and associated with hypercalciuria/hyperoxaluria. Saudi J Dis Transpl 2012; 23 (5): 979-984</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akl K, Ghawanmeh R. The clinical spectrum of idiopathic hyperuricosuria in children: isolated and associated with hypercalciuria/hyperoxaluria. Saudi J Dis Transpl 2012; 23 (5): 979-984</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nacaroglu HT, Demircin G, Bülbül M et al. The association between urinary tract infection and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Ren Fail 2013; 35 (3): 327-332</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nacaroglu HT, Demircin G, Bülbül M et al. The association between urinary tract infection and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Ren Fail 2013; 35 (3): 327-332</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabel Y, Mir S. The long-term outcomes of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. J PediatrUrol 2006; 2: 453-458</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabel Y, Mir S. The long-term outcomes of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. J PediatrUrol 2006; 2: 453-458</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scwaderer A, Srivastava T. Complications of hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; 1: 306-315</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scwaderer A, Srivastava T. Complications of hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; 1: 306-315</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жариков АЮ, Зверев ЯФ, Брюханов ВМ, Лампатов ВВ. Современные представления о модуляторах оксалатного нефролитиаза. I. Стимуляторы кристаллизации. Нефрология 2009; 13 (1): 56-72 [Zharikov AJu, Zverev JaF, Brjuhanov VM, Lampatov VV. Sovremennye predstavlenija o moduljatorah oksalatnogo nefrolitiaza. I. Stimuljatory kristallizacii. Nefrologija 2009; 13 (1): 56-72]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Жариков АЮ, Зверев ЯФ, Брюханов ВМ, Лампатов ВВ. Современные представления о модуляторах оксалатного нефролитиаза. I. Стимуляторы кристаллизации. Нефрология 2009; 13 (1): 56-72 [Zharikov AJu, Zverev JaF, Brjuhanov VM, Lampatov VV. Sovremennye predstavlenija o moduljatorah oksalatnogo nefrolitiaza. I. Stimuljatory kristallizacii. Nefrologija 2009; 13 (1): 56-72]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зверев ЯФ, Жариков АЮ, Брюханов ВМ, Лампатов ВВ. Модуляторы оксалатного нефролитиаза. Ингибиторы кристаллизации. Нефрология 2010; 14 (1): 29-49 [Zverev JaF, Zharikov AJu, Brjuhanov VM, Lampatov VV.Moduljatory oksalatnogo nefrolitiaza. Ingibitory kristallizacii. Nefrologija 2010; 14 (1): 29-49]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Зверев ЯФ, Жариков АЮ, Брюханов ВМ, Лампатов ВВ. Модуляторы оксалатного нефролитиаза. Ингибиторы кристаллизации. Нефрология 2010; 14 (1): 29-49 [Zverev JaF, Zharikov AJu, Brjuhanov VM, Lampatov VV.Moduljatory oksalatnogo nefrolitiaza. Ingibitory kristallizacii. Nefrologija 2010; 14 (1): 29-49]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stojanović VD, Milošević BO, Djapić MB, Bubalo JD. Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with urinary tract infection in children. PediatrNephrol 2007; 22 (9): 1291-1295</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stojanović VD, Milošević BO, Djapić MB, Bubalo JD. Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with urinary tract infection in children. PediatrNephrol 2007; 22 (9): 1291-1295</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghi-Bojd S, Hashemi M. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections among children in Zahedan, Iran. J Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58 (11): 624-626</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghi-Bojd S, Hashemi M. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections among children in Zahedan, Iran. J Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58 (11): 624-626</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heiliczer JD, Canonigo BB, Bishof NA, Moore ES. Noncalculi urinary tract disorders secondary to idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; 34 (3): 711-718</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heiliczer JD, Canonigo BB, Bishof NA, Moore ES. Noncalculi urinary tract disorders secondary to idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; 34 (3): 711-718</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fallahzadeh MK, Fallahzadeh MH, Mowla A, Derakhshan A. Hypercalciuria in children with urinary tract symptoms. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2010; 21 (4): 673-677</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fallahzadeh MK, Fallahzadeh MH, Mowla A, Derakhshan A. Hypercalciuria in children with urinary tract symptoms. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2010; 21 (4): 673-677</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stapleton FB, Roy 3rd S, Noe HN, Jerkins G. Hypercalciuria in children with hematuria. N Engl J Med 1984; 310 (21): 1345-1348</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stapleton FB, Roy 3rd S, Noe HN, Jerkins G. Hypercalciuria in children with hematuria. N Engl J Med 1984; 310 (21): 1345-1348</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Студеникин ВМ. Проблема ночного энуреза у детей: обзор литературы (2012-2013). Лечащий врач 2013; 5:50-53 [Studenikin VM. Problema nochnogo jenureza u detej: obzor literatury (2012-2013). Lechashhij vrach 2013; 5: 50-53]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Студеникин ВМ. Проблема ночного энуреза у детей: обзор литературы (2012-2013). Лечащий врач 2013; 5:50-53 [Studenikin VM. Problema nochnogo jenureza u detej: obzor literatury (2012-2013). Lechashhij vrach 2013; 5: 50-53]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raes A, Dehoorne J, Hoebeke P et al. Abnormal circadian rhythm of dieresis or nocturnal polyuria in a subgroup of children with enuresis and hypercalciuria is related to increased sodium retention during daytime. J Urol 2006; 176 (3): 1147-1151</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raes A, Dehoorne J, Hoebeke P et al. Abnormal circadian rhythm of dieresis or nocturnal polyuria in a subgroup of children with enuresis and hypercalciuria is related to increased sodium retention during daytime. J Urol 2006; 176 (3): 1147-1151</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azhir A, Nasseri F, Fazel A et al. theology of enuresis among primary school children in Isfahan, Iran. Saudi Med J 2007; 28: 1706-1710</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azhir A, Nasseri F, Fazel A et al. theology of enuresis among primary school children in Isfahan, Iran. Saudi Med J 2007; 28: 1706-1710</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammadjafari H., Kosaryan M., Karami H., Dabaghzadeh A. Response of enuretic children with and without hypercalciuria to nasal desmopressin. Iran J Pediatr 2009; 19: 5-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammadjafari H., Kosaryan M., Karami H., Dabaghzadeh A. Response of enuretic children with and without hypercalciuria to nasal desmopressin. Iran J Pediatr 2009; 19: 5-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
