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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2018-22-2-12-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-347</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЧТО МЫ ЗНАЕМ И ЧЕГО НЕ ЗНАЕМ О ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ ПОЧЕК У ЖЕНЩИН; ВОПРОСЫ БЕЗ ОТВЕТОВ И ОТВЕТЫ НА НЕЗАДАННЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ: РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ ПО ПОВОДУ ВСЕМИРНОГО ДНЯ ПОЧКИ И МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ЖЕНСКОГО ДНЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>WHAT WE DO AND DO NOT KNOW ABOUT WOMEN AND KIDNEY DISEASES; QUESTIONS UNANSWERED AND ANSWERS UNQUESTIONED: REFLECTION ON WORLD KIDNEY DAY AND INTERNATIONALWOMAN’S DAY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пикколи</surname><given-names>Джиорджина Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Piccoli</surname><given-names>Giorgina B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Джиорджина Барбара Пикколи - отдел клинических и биологических наук ТУ; отделение  нефрологии, ГЦ Ле-Ман</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences,University of Torino,Italy;</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альрухами</surname><given-names>Мона</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alrukhaimi</surname><given-names>Mona</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Oтдел медицины</p><p>Дубай</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Departmentof Medicine</p><p>Dubai</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиу</surname><given-names>Жи-Хонг</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Zhi-Hong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nanjing</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захарова</surname><given-names>Елена</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharova</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Отделение нефрологии ГКБ им. С.П. Боткина; </p><p>кафедра нефрологии МГМСУ имени А.И. Евдокимова;</p><p>кафедра нефрологии РМАНПО</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nephrology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левин</surname><given-names>Адера 8,</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>Adeera</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>8 отдел медицины, отделение нефрологии </p><p>Ванкувер</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alevin@providencehealth.bc.ca</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Туринский университет; &#13;
Госпитальный центр Ле-Ман<country>Италия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Torino; &#13;
Centre Hospitalier Le Mans<country>Italy</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Медицинский колледж Дубай<country>Объединенные Арабские Эмираты</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dubai Medical College<country>United Arab Emirates</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Национальный центр клинических исследований заболеваний почек, госпиталь Джинлинг, Медицинская школа  Нанкинского университета<country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine<country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница им. С.П. Боткина; &#13;
Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова;&#13;
Российская медицинская академия непрерывного последипломного образования<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Moscow City Hospital n.a. S.P. Botkin; &#13;
Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry; &#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Британской Колумбии<country>Канада</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of British Columbia<country>Canada</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пикколи Д.Б., Альрухами М., Лиу Ж., Захарова Е., Левин А.8., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пикколи Д.Б., Альрухами М., Лиу Ж., Захарова Е., Левин А.8.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Piccoli G.B., Alrukhaimi M., Liu Z., Zakharova E., Levin A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/347">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/347</self-uri><abstract><p>Около  10% взрослого населения планеты страдают хронической болезнью почек, которая входит  в список 20 основных причин  смерти во всем мире и ведет к пагубным последствиям как для самих пациентов, так и для членов их семей. Всемирный День  Почки в 2018  году совпадает с Международным женским днем, что дает нам повод задуматься об  особой важности состояния здоровья женщин, и в особенности о «почечном здоровье», для  ныне  живущей популяции и для будущих  поколений. Нам представляется не только уникальная возможность узнать как можно больше об  особенностях заболеваний почек  у женщин, но и шире использовать полученные знания. Женщины, девушки и девочки в целом составляют примерно 50%  населения мира и вносят огромный вклад в жизнь  общества, не говоря уже о важнейшей роли  в семейной жизни. Вместе с тем,  гендерные различия в доступе к образованию, медицинской помощи и участии в клинических исследованиях все  еще существуют практически повсеместно. Беременность, представляющая особую нагрузку на организм женщины, и нередко оказывающаяся поводом для  выявления уже существующих заболевания почек, может также  приводить к манифестации острых и хронических почечных  заболеваний, которые, в свою очередь, могут сказываться на потомстве – в том числе и на состоянии почек. Многие аутоиммунные и другие заболевания чаще развиваются у женщин, чем у мужчин, и неблагоприятно сказываются на способности к деторождению и на состоянии плода. Осложнения диализа у женщин отличаются от осложнений у мужчин и, кроме того, женщины с большей вероятностью оказываются донорами, нежели реципиентами почечного трансплантата. В этой передовой статье мы сконцентрировали внимание на том,  что мы знаем и чего мы не знаем о «почечном здоровье» и заболеваниях почек у женщин, и на том,  что мы можем и должны узнать в будущем для улучшения исходов заболеваний почек во всем мире.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic Kidney  Disease affects approximately 10%  of the  world’s  adult  population: it is within the  top  20  causes of death worldwide, and  its impact on patients and  their families  can  be devastating. World Kidney Day and  International Women’s Day in 2018  coincide, thus  offering an  opportunity to reflect on the  importance of women’s health and  specifically their  kidney health, on the community, and  the next generations, as well as to strive to be more curious about the unique aspects of kidney disease in women so that  we may apply  those learnings more broadly. Girls and  women, who make up approximately 50% of the  world’s  population, are important contributors to society and  their  families. Gender differences continue to exist  around the world in access to education, medical care, and participation in clinical studies. Pregnancy is a unique state for women, offering an opportunity for diagnosis of kidney disease, but also a state where acute and  chronic kidney diseases may manifest, and  which may impact future generations with respect to kidney  health. There are various autoimmune and  other conditions that  are more likely to impact women with profound consequences for child bearing, and  on the fetus. Women  have  different complications on dialysis  than  men, and  are more likely to be donors than  recipients of kidney transplants. In this editorial, we focus on what we do and  do not know about women, kidney health, and  kidney disease, and  what we might  learn  in the future to improve outcomes worldwide.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>женщины</kwd><kwd>доступ к медицинской помощи</kwd><kwd>здоровье почек</kwd><kwd>острые и хронические заболевания почек</kwd><kwd>неравноправие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>women</kwd><kwd>access to care</kwd><kwd>kidney health</kwd><kwd>acute and  chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>inequities</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. 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