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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2018-22-3-72-87</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-368</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГРАММА НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОСЛЕДИПЛОМНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ПО НЕФРОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROGRAM ON CONTINUOUS POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION ON NEPHROLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ДИАГНОСТИКЕ И ЛЕЧЕНИЮ РЕНАЛЬНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ У ДЕТЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF RENAL DISEASE IN CHILDREN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вялкова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vyalkova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф., д-р мед. наук. Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет, заведующая кафедрой факультетской педиатрии, эндокринологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DMedSci, Orenburg State Medical University, Head of Department of faculty Pediatrics, Endocrinology</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">k_pediatry@orgma.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гриценко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritsenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Проф., д-р мед. наук . Институт клеточного и внутриклеточного симбиоза, Уральское отделение Российской академии наук, заведующий лабораторией клеточного симбиоза</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor Gritsenko Victor Alexandrovich MD, PhD, DMedSci. Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Cellular Symbiosis</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vag59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Endocrinology of Orenburg State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт клеточного и внутриклеточного симбиоза Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, г. Оренбург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>05</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>87</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вялкова А.А., Гриценко В.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вялкова А.А., Гриценко В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vyalkova A.A., Gritsenko V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/368">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/368</self-uri><abstract><p>Инфекция мочевой системы является одной из наиболее актуальных медицинских и социальных проблем. В настоящее время отмечается рост частоты прогрессирующих форм ренальной инфекции в детском и подростковом возрасте. До настоящего времени остается нерешенным вопрос о выявлении источника инфицирования и определении истинного возбудителя пиелонефрита, критериях ранней диагностики ренальной инфекции, а также базисной терапии пиелонефрита. Успехи в диагностике и лечении пиелонефрита в значительной степени зависят от глубины и точности знаний об этиологии и механизмах развития ренальной инфекции [1, 2]. В статье представлены современные данные о клинических особенностях течения инфекции мочевой системы, этиологии и патогенетических механизмах формирования ренальной инфекции у детей, критериях диагностики, подтверждающих источник инфицирования органов мочевой системы и структурно-функциональные показатели изменения тубулоинтерстициальной ткани почек с вовлечением чашечно-лоханочной системы, кровеносных и лимфатических сосудов почек. Предложен этиологический подход к диагностике и лечению пиелонефрита с учетом патогенетических механизмов формирования ИМС, выбору лечебной тактики ведения детей с ренальной инфекцией.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Microbial-inflammatory diseases of the urinary system are one of the most pressing health and social problems. Currently, there is an increase in the frequency of progressive forms of urinary tract infection in childhood and adolescence. Up to the present time remains the issue of criteria for early diagnosis of renal infection, sources of infection, verification of the source of the causative agent of pyelonephritis, mechanisms of formation and progression of IMS, and the basic treatment of pyelonephritis. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis is significantly associated with the depth and precision of knowledge about the etiology and mechanisms of development of renal infection. The article presents modern data on the etiology and pathogenetic mechanisms of forming renal infection in children. Described clinical features of urinary tract infection. Discussed diagnostic criteria, based on data of complex studies to confirm the source of infection of the urinary system and structural-functional criteria changes tubulo-interstitium of kidney with involvement of the Cup-pelvis-plating system, blood and lymph vessels of the kidneys. Proposed etiologic approach to diagnosis and treatment, taking into account the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of IMS and morpho-functional approach to the prediction of the flow and the choice of tactics of management of children with renal infection.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция мочевой системы</kwd><kwd>пиелонефрит</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urinary tract infection</kwd><kwd>pyelonephritis</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вялкова АА и др. Ранняя диагностика инфекции мочевой системы у детей. Клинико-лабораторные и микробиологические подходы: метод. рекомендации МЗ и МП РФ. М., 1997. 36 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vialkova AA. Early diagnosis of urinary tract infection in children. 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