<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-6-71-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-422</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ АЦИЛ-ГРЕЛИНА В РАЗВИТИИ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТИ ПИТАНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ТЕРМИНАЛЬНОЙ ПОЧЕЧНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬЮ, ПОЛУЧАЮЩИХ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ ПРОГРАММНЫМ ГЕМОДИАЛИЗОМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF ACYL GHRELIN IN PROGRESS OF MALNUTRITION IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE KIDNEY FAILURE RECEIVING PROGRAM HEMODIALISIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асанина</surname><given-names>Ю. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asanina</surname><given-names>Y. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра терапии, медицинский факультет</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">leptin-rulit@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шишкин</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shishkin</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра терапии, медицинский факультет</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Асанина Ю.Ю., Шишкин А.Н., Румянцев А.Ш., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Асанина Ю.Ю., Шишкин А.Н., Румянцев А.Ш.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Asanina Y.Y., Shishkin A.N., Rumyantsev A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/422">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/422</self-uri><abstract><p>РЕФЕРАТ ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Изучить взаимосвязь между концентрацией ацил-грелина в сыворотке крови и основными показателями недостаточности питания у больных, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. Обследовано 102 пациента с хронической болезнью почек V стадии, получающих лечение гемодиализом, среди них 52 мужчины и 50 женщин, средний возраст которых составил 49,0 ± 7,7 года. Всем больным была выполнена фиброэзофагодуоденоскопия (ФГДС) с биопсией из антрального отдела и тела желудка. Материал был использован для выявления Helicobacter pylori – инфицированности, изучения цитологической и гистологической картины слизистой оболочки желудка. Состояние питания и компонентный состав тела больного оценивались с помощью метода комплексной нутриционной оценки, калиперометрии, биоимпедансометрии. Определение уровня ацил-грелина сыворотки крови проводилось посредством метода иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА) с использованием коммерческих наборов («Spi-bio, Montigny le Bretonneux», Франция) РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. В ходе проведенного исследования продемонстрировано достоверное снижения уровня ацил-грелина сыворотки крови при нарастании степени выраженности атрофических изменений слизистой оболочки разных отделов желудка. Также продемонстрировано снижение концентрации ацилгрелина сыворотки крови при обсемененности слизистой оболочки желудка Нelicobacter pylori. Выявлена достоверная положительная взаимосвязь между уровнем ацил-грелина сыворотки крови и основными показателями нутриционного статуса больных. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Снижение уровня ацил-грелина сыворотки крови может являться одним из патогенетических факторов, участвующих в развитии недостаточности питания у больных, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом.</p><p>Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>ABSTRACT AIM OF RESEARCH: To study interrelation between acyl-ghrelin concentration in blood serum and general signs of malnutrition in patients receiving program hemodialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 102 patients with V stage chronic kidney disease receiving program hemodialysis were examined, among them 52 male and 50 female, average age 49,0 ± 7,7. All patients was performed fiberoptic gastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) with biopsy of antral department and gastric corpus. Material was used for detection of Helicobacter pylori – contamination, study of cytological and histological pattern of gastric mucosa. Patients state and compositional analysis of patients body were evaluated by method of complex nutritional evaluation, caliperometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis. Acyl-ghrelin level detection in blood serum was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial kits (Spi-bio, Montigny le Bretonneux, France). RESULTS. During undertaken study authentic decrease of blood serum acyl ghrelin level was demonstrated at augmentation of intensity of different gastric departments mucous coat atrophic changes. Also demonstrated decrease of blood serum acyl ghrelin concentration if gastric mucosa is bacterized by Нelicobacter pylori. Authentic positive correlation between blood serum acyl ghrelin level and general signs of nutritional status of patients is revealed. CONCLUSION. Blood serum acyl ghrelin level decrease can be one of pathogenetic factors taking part in development of malnutrition in patients on program hemodialysis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>недостаточность питания</kwd><kwd>грелин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal failure</kwd><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>malnutrition</kwd><kwd>ghrelin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooper L. USRDS: 2001 Annual Data Report. Nephrol News Issues 2001; 15 (31): 34-35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooper L. USRDS: 2001 Annual Data Report. Nephrol News Issues 2001; 15 (31): 34-35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pupim LB, Ikizler TA. Uremic malnutrition: new insights into an old problem: Review. Semin Dial (Cambridge, Ma) 2003; 16 (3): 224-232</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pupim LB, Ikizler TA. Uremic malnutrition: new insights into an old problem: Review. Semin Dial (Cambridge, Ma) 2003; 16 (3): 224-232</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carvalho KT, Silva MI, Bregman R. Nutritional profile of patients with chronic renal failure. J Ren Nutr 2004; 14 (2): 97-100</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carvalho KT, Silva MI, Bregman R. Nutritional profile of patients with chronic renal failure. J Ren Nutr 2004; 14 (2): 97-100</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковенко АА, Асанина ЮЮ, Кучер АГ. и др. Особенности патогенеза недостаточности питания у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом. Нефрология 2008; 12 (3): 13-17</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яковенко АА, Асанина ЮЮ, Кучер АГ. и др. Особенности патогенеза недостаточности питания у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом. Нефрология 2008; 12 (3): 13-17</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Walser M. Dialysis and protein malnutrition. Kidney Int 1999; 56 (1): 353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Walser M. Dialysis and protein malnutrition. Kidney Int 1999; 56 (1): 353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beto JA, Bansal VK, Hart J. et al. Hemodialysis prognostic nutrition index as a predictor for morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients and its correlation to adequacy of dialysis. J Ren Nutr 1999; 9 (1): 2-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beto JA, Bansal VK, Hart J. et al. Hemodialysis prognostic nutrition index as a predictor for morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients and its correlation to adequacy of dialysis. J Ren Nutr 1999; 9 (1): 2-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковенко АА, Асанина ЮЮ, Кучер АГ, Румянцев АШ. Современные представления о недостаточности питания у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом. Нефрология 2006; 10 (4): 23-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яковенко АА, Асанина ЮЮ, Кучер АГ, Румянцев АШ. Современные представления о недостаточности питания у больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом. Нефрология 2006; 10 (4): 23-30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kopple JD. National Kidney Foundation K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37 (2): 66-70</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kopple JD. National Kidney Foundation K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for nutrition in chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37 (2): 66-70</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковенко АА, Кучер АГ, Румянцев АШ. Значение интерлейкина-6 в патогенезе «уремической недостаточности питания» у пациентов с терминальной почечной недостаточ ностью, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом. Нефрология 2010; 14 (1): 56-63</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Яковенко АА, Кучер АГ, Румянцев АШ. Значение интерлейкина-6 в патогенезе «уремической недостаточности питания» у пациентов с терминальной почечной недостаточ ностью, получающих лечение хроническим гемодиализом. Нефрология 2010; 14 (1): 56-63</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stenvinkel P, Heimburger O, Lindholm B. et al. Are there two types of malnutrition in chronic renal failure? Evidence for relationships between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15 (7): 953-960</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stenvinkel P, Heimburger O, Lindholm B. et al. Are there two types of malnutrition in chronic renal failure? Evidence for relationships between malnutrition, inflammation, and atherosclerosis (MIA syndrome). Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000; 15 (7): 953-960</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cano AE, Neil AK, Kang JY et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing treatment by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis // Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102 (9): 1990-1997</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cano AE, Neil AK, Kang JY et al. Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing treatment by hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis // Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102 (9): 1990-1997</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nardone G, Rocco A, Fiorillo M. Helicobarter pylory infection in dyspeptic patients with and without chronic renal failure // Helicobacter 2005; 10 (1): 53-58</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nardone G, Rocco A, Fiorillo M. Helicobarter pylory infection in dyspeptic patients with and without chronic renal failure // Helicobacter 2005; 10 (1): 53-58</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deboer MD, Zhu X, Levasseur PR, Inui A et al. Ghrelin treatment of chronic kidney disease: improvements in lean body mass and cytokine profile. Endocrinology 2008; 149 (2): 827-835</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deboer MD, Zhu X, Levasseur PR, Inui A et al. Ghrelin treatment of chronic kidney disease: improvements in lean body mass and cytokine profile. Endocrinology 2008; 149 (2): 827-835</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barazzoni R, Zhu X, Deboer M, Datta R et al. Combined effects of ghrelin and higher food intake enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and AKT phosphorylation in rats with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2010; 77 (1): 23-28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barazzoni R, Zhu X, Deboer M, Datta R et al. Combined effects of ghrelin and higher food intake enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity and AKT phosphorylation in rats with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2010; 77 (1): 23-28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kojima M, Kangawa K. Drug Insight the function of ghrelin and its potential as a multitherapeutic hormone // Nature clinical practice Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006; 2 (2): 234-237</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kojima M, Kangawa K. Drug Insight the function of ghrelin and its potential as a multitherapeutic hormone // Nature clinical practice Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006; 2 (2): 234-237</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van der Lely AJ, Tschop M, Heiman M, Ghigo E. Biologycal, physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin // Endocr Rev 2004; 25 (3): 426-457</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van der Lely AJ, Tschop M, Heiman M, Ghigo E. Biologycal, physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin // Endocr Rev 2004; 25 (3): 426-457</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simonian HP, Kresge KM, Boden GH, Parkman HP. Differential effects of sham feeding and meal ingestion on ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide levels: evidence for vagal efferents stimulation mediating ghrelin release // Neorogastroenterol Motil 2005; 17 (3): 348-354</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simonian HP, Kresge KM, Boden GH, Parkman HP. Differential effects of sham feeding and meal ingestion on ghrelin and pancreatic polypeptide levels: evidence for vagal efferents stimulation mediating ghrelin release // Neorogastroenterol Motil 2005; 17 (3): 348-354</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zizzari P, Halem H, Taylor J et al. Endogenous ghrelin regulates episodic GH secretion by amplifying GH pulse amplitude evidence from antagonism of the GHS-R1a receptor // Endocrinology 2005; 146 (9): 3836-3842</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zizzari P, Halem H, Taylor J et al. Endogenous ghrelin regulates episodic GH secretion by amplifying GH pulse amplitude evidence from antagonism of the GHS-R1a receptor // Endocrinology 2005; 146 (9): 3836-3842</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Broglio F, Gottero C, Arvat E, Ghigo E. Endocrine and nonendocrine actions of ghrelin // Horm Res 2003; 59 (3): 109-117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Broglio F, Gottero C, Arvat E, Ghigo E. Endocrine and nonendocrine actions of ghrelin // Horm Res 2003; 59 (3): 109-117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korbonits M, Goldstone AP, Gueorguiev M, Grossman AB. Ghrelin – a gormone with multiple functions // Front Neuroendocrinol 2004; 25 (1): 27-68</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korbonits M, Goldstone AP, Gueorguiev M, Grossman AB. Ghrelin – a gormone with multiple functions // Front Neuroendocrinol 2004; 25 (1): 27-68</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osawa H. Ghrelin and Helicobacter pylori infection // World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14 (41): 6327-6333</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osawa H. Ghrelin and Helicobacter pylori infection // World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14 (41): 6327-6333</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mafra D, Jolivot A, Chauveau P, Drai J et al. Are ghrelin and leptin involved in food intake and body mass index in maintenance hemodialysis // J Renal Nutritoin 2010; 20 (3): 151-157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mafra D, Jolivot A, Chauveau P, Drai J et al. Are ghrelin and leptin involved in food intake and body mass index in maintenance hemodialysis // J Renal Nutritoin 2010; 20 (3): 151-157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European best practice guidelines Guideline on Nutrition Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22 [Suppl 2]: 45-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European best practice guidelines Guideline on Nutrition Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22 [Suppl 2]: 45-87</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamimura MA, Jose Dos Santos NS, Avesani CM. et al. Comparison of three methods for the determination of body fat in patients on long-term hemodalysis therapy. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103 (2): 195-199</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamimura MA, Jose Dos Santos NS, Avesani CM. et al. Comparison of three methods for the determination of body fat in patients on long-term hemodalysis therapy. J Am Diet Assoc 2003; 103 (2): 195-199</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization 2003; 54-61</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization 2003; 54-61</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кучер АГ, Яковенко АА, Лаврищева ЮВ, Асанина ЮЮ. Особенности недостаточности питания и ее коррекции у больных, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом. Нефрология 2008; 12 (1): 14-18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кучер АГ, Яковенко АА, Лаврищева ЮВ, Асанина ЮЮ. Особенности недостаточности питания и ее коррекции у больных, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом. Нефрология 2008; 12 (1): 14-18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вeto JA, Bansal VK. Medical nutrition therapy in chronic kidney failure: integrating clinical practice guidelines. J of the Am dietetic association (Chicago) 2004; 104 (3): 404-409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вeto JA, Bansal VK. Medical nutrition therapy in chronic kidney failure: integrating clinical practice guidelines. J of the Am dietetic association (Chicago) 2004; 104 (3): 404-409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardly JF, Correa P, the participants in the International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis. The up-dated Sydney systems. Am J Sung Pathol 1996; 20: 1161–1181</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardly JF, Correa P, the participants in the International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis. The up-dated Sydney systems. Am J Sung Pathol 1996; 20: 1161–1181</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
