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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2011-15-2-115-118</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-487</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИСТОРИЯ МЕДИЦИНЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HISTORY OF MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДОКТОР ЗАХАРИНА ДИМИТРОВА (1873–1940): ПИОНЕР В ОБЛАСТИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ МИКРОСТРУКТУРЫ ЭПИФИЗА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dr. ZAHARINA DIMITROVA (1873–1940): A PIONEER IN RESEARCH OF THE PINEAL GLAND’S (CORPUS PINEALE) MICROSTRUCTURE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>ПАСКАЛЕВ</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>PASKALEV</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>РАДОИНОВА</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>RADOINOVA</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>ГАЛУНСКА</surname><given-names>Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>GALUNSKA</surname><given-names>B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Клиника нефрологии и диализа медицинского университета «Проф. Доктор Параскев Стоянов</institution><country>Bulgaria</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>118</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; ПАСКАЛЕВ Д., РАДОИНОВА Д., ГАЛУНСКА Б., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ПАСКАЛЕВ Д., РАДОИНОВА Д., ГАЛУНСКА Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">PASKALEV D., RADOINOVA D., GALUNSKA B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/487">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/487</self-uri><abstract><p>Доктор Захарина Димитрова - малоизвестна как болгарский ученый, несмотря на то, что является пионером в области исследований морфологии шишковидной железы (эпифиза). Захарина Димитрова родилась в г. Рессен, в Македонии 26 ноября 1873 г. в семье болгарского политического деятеля. Она получила очень хорошее медицинское образование во Франции. Под руководством проф. М. Николаса она занималась исследованием структур эпифиза головного мозга. Результатом её работы явилось первое тщательное описание пинеалоцитов - главных клеток шишковидной железы. Доктор Захарина Димитрова обратила внимание на наличие характерных вакуолей в ядрах этих клеток и сделала предположение о связи своей находки с возможной эндокринной функцией. В настоящее время известно, что пинеалоциты ответственны за выработку гормона мелатонина. 27 февраля 1901 г. она с отличием окончила медицинскую школу в г. Нанси (Франция) и защитила диссертацию доктора медицины на тему «Recherches sur la structure de la glande pineale chez quelques mammiferes» (Исследованме структуры шишковидной железы у некоторых млекопитающих). Работа получила самые высокие оценки, золотую медаль медицинской школы и была напечатана в журнале La Nevraxe Journal (vol.2, 1901, 257-361). Впоследствии эта статья цитировалась в работах таких известных ученых, как например, один из основоположников учения о нейросекреции проф. Баргманн. После возвращения в Македонию и последующего переезда в Болгарию доктор Захарина Димитрова занялась успешной медицинской практикой в Сливене и Пазарджике. В последнее десятилетие своей жизни знаменитый болгарский клиницист принимала самое активное участие в благотворительной деятельности, оказывая финансовую поддержку беженцам и поддерживая образование через различные организации. Доктор Захари-на Димитрова умерла 14 апреля 194</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>D r. Zaharina Dimitrova is a still forgotten Bulgarian scientist who did ground breaking research in the field of histology of the pineal gland. Born in Ressen, Macedonia on 26-th November 1873, in the family of Bulgarian leader, Dimitrova left to study Medicine in France. Under the supervision of Prof. M. Nicolas, she researched the fine structure of epiphysis cerebri and for the first time made an accurate description of the pinealocytes - the main cells of the gland. D r. Zaharina Dimitrova pointed out the characteristic vacuoles in the nuclei of the cells and related the finding with a possible endocrine function. At present, it is known that the pinealocytes produce the hormone melatonin. On February 27, 1901 she graduated with honors from the Medical School in Nancy, France, and published her PhD thesis «Recherches sur la structure de la glande pineale chez quelques mammiferes». Her highly acclaimed work was awarded the Gold Medal from the Medical School and published in La Nevraxe Journal (vol. 2, 1901, 257-361). The article was consecutively cited by many scientific luminaries such as Prof. Bаrgmann, one of the founders of neurosecretion. After returning to Macedonia, and consequently relocating to Bulgaria, D r. Zaharina Dimitrova established a successful medical practice in the cities of Sliven and Pazardjik. During the last ten years of her life, the famous Bulgarian physician was actively involved in charitable work providing financial support to refugees and supporting education through various organizations. D r. Zaharina Dimitrova died on April 14, 1940.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доктор Захарина Димитрова</kwd><kwd>шишковидная железа</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>история медицины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Dr. Zaharina Dimitrova</kwd><kwd>pineal gland</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>history of medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galunska B, Tchervenkov Т, Paskalev D et al. Melatonin and oxidative stress: some effects in patients on hem dialysis. Nephrology Forum of Varna 2009, I, 38-43</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galunska B, Tchervenkov Т, Paskalev D et al. Melatonin and oxidative stress: some effects in patients on hem dialysis. 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