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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-2-9-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-504</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭТИОПАТОЛОГИЯ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ТУБУЛЯРНОЙ, ГЛОМЕРУЛЯРНОЙ И РЕНОВАСКУЛЯРНОЙ НЕФРОПАТИЙ: КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ETIOPATHOLOGY OF CHRONIC TUBULAR, GLOMERULAR AND RENOVASCULAR NEPHROPATHIES: CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопес-Новойя</surname><given-names>Дж. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>López-Novoa</surname><given-names>J.M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>López-Novoa JM</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">flopezher@usal.es</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родригес-Пена</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodríguez-Peña</surname><given-names>A.B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ортис</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ortiz</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартинес-Салдаго</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martínez-Salgado</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лопес Эрнандес</surname><given-names>Ф. Дж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>López Hernández</surname><given-names>F.J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL); &#13;
Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular. Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca; &#13;
Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid</institution><country>Испания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL); &#13;
Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular. Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca; &#13;
Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid</institution><country>Spain</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD</institution><country>Соединённые Штаты Америки</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD</institution><country>United States</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; &#13;
Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo</institution><country>Испания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz and Universidad Autonoma de Madrid; &#13;
Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo</institution><country>Spain</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL); &#13;
Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; &#13;
Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular. Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca; &#13;
Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo</institution><country>Испания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Instituto de Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla y León (IECSCYL); &#13;
Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca; &#13;
Unidad de Fisiopatología Renal y Cardiovascular. Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca; &#13;
Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo</institution><country>Spain</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лопес-Новойя Д., Родригес-Пена А., Ортис А., Мартинес-Салдаго К., Лопес Эрнандес Ф., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лопес-Новойя Д., Родригес-Пена А., Ортис А., Мартинес-Салдаго К., Лопес Эрнандес Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">López-Novoa J., Rodríguez-Peña A., Ortiz A., Martínez-Salgado C., López Hernández F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/504">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/504</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП) включает в себя группу патологичеcких состояний, при которых стойко снижена экскреторная функция почек. Большинство из них, хотя и не все формы ХБП, представляют собой прогрессирующие и необратимые патологические процессы, которые начинаются незаметно (без явного снижения функции), протекают с развитием нарушения функции почек и завершаются терминальной почечной недостаточностью. На последнем этапе появляется необходимость выполнения трансплантации почки или проведения диализа (т.е. заместительной почечной терапии, ЗПТ) для предотвращения летального исхода, обусловленного неспособностью почек обеспечить очищение крови и поддержание водно-электролитного баланса. Во всем мире около 1,5 млн человек нуждаются в ЗПТ, причем число новых случаев ХБП значительно возросло за последние десятилетия. Ведущими причинами терминальной почечной недостаточности являются сахарный диабет и артериальная гипертензия, хотя аутоиммунные заболевания, атеросклеротическое поражение почек, ряд инфекционных заболеваний, медикаменты, токсины, обструкция мочевыводящих путей, генетические нарушения и другие повреждающие факторы могут инициировать развитие ХБП, вызывая повреждение гломерул, канальцев, сосудов и интерстиция почки. Во всех случаях при ХБП, в конечном итоге, поражаются все указанные выше структуры, что приводит к появлению одинаковых изменений вне зависимости от этиологии основного заболевания. В этом обзоре с помощью комплексного подхода описывается патофизиологический процесс тубулоинтерстициальных, гломерулярных и реноваскулярных заболеваний, акцентируется внимание на ключевых клеточных и молекулярных процессах. Далее проводится анализ основных механизмов формирования сходных изменений, исследуется патофизиологический сценарий прогрессирования разных по этиологии заболеваний. В завершении обсуждаются клинические проявления, перспективы экспериментальных исследований и терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) comprises a group of pathologies in which the renal excretory function is chronically compromised. Most, but not all, forms of CKD are progressive and irreversible, pathological syndromes that start silently (i.e. no functional alterations are evident), continue through renal dysfunction and ends up in renal failure. At this point, kidney transplant or dialysis (renal replacement therapy, RRT) becomes necessary to prevent death derived from the inability of the kidneys to cleanse the blood and achieve hydroelectrolytic balance. Worldwide, nearly 1.5 million people need RRT, and the incidence of CKD has increased significantly over the last decades. Diabetes and hypertension are among the leading causes of end stage renal disease, although autoimmunity, renal atherosclerosis, certain infections, drugs and toxins, obstruction of the urinary tract, genetic alterations, and other insults may initiate the disease by damaging the glomerular, tubular, vascular or interstitial compartments of the kidneys. In all cases, CKD eventually compromises all these structures and gives rise to a similar phenotype regardless of etiology. This review describes with an integrative approach the pathophysiological process of tubulointerstitial, glomerular and renovascular diseases, and makes emphasis on the key cellular and molecular events involved. It further analyses the key mechanisms leading to a merging phenotype and pathophysiological scenario as etiologically distinct diseases progress. Finally clinical implications and future experimental and therapeutic perspectives are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нефропатия</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>nephropathy</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mitch WE, Walser M, Buffington GA et al. A simple method of stimating progression of chronic renal failure. Lancet 1976;2:1326–1328</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mitch WE, Walser M, Buffington GA et al. A simple method of stimating progression of chronic renal failure. 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