Progress of nephrology is closely related to achievements of the allied sciences that developed particularly intensively at the end of XX century. The key role in nephrological development strategy is played by investigation of individual processes regulation nature providing activity of the organism as a whole. Renal function specification is seen as combination of its excretory and incretory functions, mechanisms of influence on it by regulatory systems and disfunction mechanisms are analyzed. Basically are used molecular systems with wide variety of types and subtypes of receptors, interaction of different varieties of cotransporters, pumps, water and ion channels, which provide high effectiveness of coordinated kidney work for stabilization of physicochemical data of internal environment. Development of physiology is important for clinical medicine progress, its achievements predetermine understanding of function mechanisms, identification of defect that formed basis of disfunctions, development of impaired functions compensation methods.