nefrНефрологияNephrology (Saint-Petersburg)1561-62742541-9439Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical Universitynefr-67Research ArticleПЕРЕДОВАЯ СТАТЬЯLEADING ARTICLEСтроение и функции костной ткани в норме и при патологии. Сообщение IIBone tissue function and structure under normal and pathological condition. Message "СмирновА. В.SmirnovA. V.noemail@neicon.ruРумянцевА. Ш.RumyantsevA. SH.rash.56@mail.ruПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университетРоссияPavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation201501012015191817Copyright © Смирнов А.В., Румянцев А.Ш., 20152015Смирнов А.В., Румянцев А.Ш.Smirnov A.V., Rumyantsev A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/67

Во второй части обзора рассмотрены вопросы функции остеоцитов, покровных клеток и остеокластов, а также их взаимодействия. Обсуждаются процессы моделирования и ремоделирования кости.

In the second part of the review we discussed questions of the functions of osteocytes, bone-lining cells and osteoclasts, as well as their interaction. The processes of modeling and remodeling of bone are discussed.

остеоцитыпокровные клеткиостеокластымоделирование и ремоделирование костиosteocytesbone-lining cellsosteoclastsmodeling and remodeling of boneReferencesManolagas S.C. Birth And Death Of Bone Cells: basic Regulatory Mechanisms And Implications For The Pathogenesis And Treatment Of Osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2000; 21(2): 115-137Manolagas S.C. Birth And Death Of Bone Cells: basic Regulatory Mechanisms And Implications For The Pathogenesis And Treatment Of Osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2000; 21(2): 115-137Plotkin L.I., Manolagas S.C., Bellido T. Transduction of cell survival signals by connexin-43 hemichannels. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277(10): 8648-8657Plotkin L.I., Manolagas S.C., Bellido T. Transduction of cell survival signals by connexin-43 hemichannels. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277(10): 8648-8657Bonewald l.F Establishment and characterization of an osteo-cyte- like cell line, MLO-Y4. J Bone Miner Metab. 1999; 17(1): 61-65Bonewald l.F Establishment and characterization of an osteo-cyte- like cell line, MLO-Y4. J Bone Miner Metab. 1999; 17(1): 61-65Knothe Tate M.L., Adamson J.R., Tami A.E., Bauer T.W. The osteocyte. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004; 36(1): 1-8Knothe Tate M.L., Adamson J.R., Tami A.E., Bauer T.W. The osteocyte. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004; 36(1): 1-8Bonewald l.F. Osteocytes: a proposed multifunctional bone cell. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002; 2(3): 239-241Bonewald l.F. Osteocytes: a proposed multifunctional bone cell. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2002; 2(3): 239-241Winkler D.G., Sutherland M.K., Geoghegan J.C. et al. Osteocyte control of bone formation via sclerostin, a novel bmp antagonist. EMBO J. 2003; 22(23): 6267-6276Winkler D.G., Sutherland M.K., Geoghegan J.C. et al. Osteocyte control of bone formation via sclerostin, a novel bmp antagonist. EMBO J. 2003; 22(23): 6267-6276ten Dijke P., Krause C., de Gorter D.J. et al. Osteocyte- derived sclerostin inhibits bone formation: its role in bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt signaling. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008; 90 Suppl 1: 31-35ten Dijke P., Krause C., de Gorter D.J. et al. Osteocyte- derived sclerostin inhibits bone formation: its role in bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt signaling. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008; 90 Suppl 1: 31-35Ubaidus S., Li M., Sultana S. et al. FGF23 is mainly synthesized by osteocytes in the regularly distributed osteocytic lacunar canalicular system established after physiological bone remodeling. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2009; 58(6): 381-392Ubaidus S., Li M., Sultana S. et al. FGF23 is mainly synthesized by osteocytes in the regularly distributed osteocytic lacunar canalicular system established after physiological bone remodeling. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo). 2009; 58(6): 381-392Clarke B. Normal bone anatomy and physiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3 Suppl 3: S131-139Clarke B. Normal bone anatomy and physiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3 Suppl 3: S131-139Seeman E., Delmas p.D. Bone guality - the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354(21): 2250-2261Seeman E., Delmas p.D. Bone guality - the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354(21): 2250-2261Robinson J.A., Chatterjee- Kishore M., Yaworsky P.J. et al. Wnt/beta- catenin signaling is a normal physiological response to mechanical loading in bone. J Biol Chem. 2006; 281(42): 3172031728Robinson J.A., Chatterjee- Kishore M., Yaworsky P.J. et al. Wnt/beta- catenin signaling is a normal physiological response to mechanical loading in bone. J Biol Chem. 2006; 281(42): 3172031728Fritton S.P., Weinbaum S. Fluid and solute transport in bone: flow- induced mechanotransduction. Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2009; 41: 347-374Fritton S.P., Weinbaum S. Fluid and solute transport in bone: flow- induced mechanotransduction. Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2009; 41: 347-374Xing L., Boyce B.F. Reculation of apoptosis in osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005; 328(3): 709-720Xing L., Boyce B.F. Reculation of apoptosis in osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005; 328(3): 709-720Plotkin L.I., Aguirre J.L., Kousteni S. et al. Bisphosphonates and estrogens inhibit osteocyte apoptosis via distinct molecular mechanisms downstream of extracellular signal- regulated kinase activation. J Biol Chem. 2005; 280(8): 7317-7325Plotkin L.I., Aguirre J.L., Kousteni S. et al. Bisphosphonates and estrogens inhibit osteocyte apoptosis via distinct molecular mechanisms downstream of extracellular signal- regulated kinase activation. J Biol Chem. 2005; 280(8): 7317-7325Dierkes C., Kreisel M., Schulz A. et al. Catabolic properties of microdissected human endosteal bone lining cells. Calcif Tissue Int. 2009; 84(2): 146-155Dierkes C., Kreisel M., Schulz A. et al. Catabolic properties of microdissected human endosteal bone lining cells. Calcif Tissue Int. 2009; 84(2): 146-155Yavropoulou M.P., Yovos J.G. Osteoclastogenesis - current knowledge and future perspectives. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2008; 8(3): 204-216Yavropoulou M.P., Yovos J.G. Osteoclastogenesis - current knowledge and future perspectives. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2008; 8(3): 204-216Felix R., Halasy-Nagy J., Wetterwald A. et al. Synthesis of membrane- and matrix- bound colony- stimulating factor-1 by cultured osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol. 1996; 166(2): 311-322Felix R., Halasy-Nagy J., Wetterwald A. et al. Synthesis of membrane- and matrix- bound colony- stimulating factor-1 by cultured osteoblasts. J Cell Physiol. 1996; 166(2): 311-322Dai X.M., Ryan G.R., Hapel A.J. et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse colony- stimulating factor 1 receptor gene results in osteopetrosis, mononuclear phagocyte deficiency, increased primitive progenitor cell freguencies, and reproductive defects. Blood. 2002; 99(1): 111-120Dai X.M., Ryan G.R., Hapel A.J. et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse colony- stimulating factor 1 receptor gene results in osteopetrosis, mononuclear phagocyte deficiency, increased primitive progenitor cell freguencies, and reproductive defects. Blood. 2002; 99(1): 111-120Tondravi M.M., Mckercher S.R., Anderson K. et al. Osteopetrosis in mice lacking haematopoietic transcription factor PU.1. Nature. 1997; 386(6620): 81-84Tondravi M.M., Mckercher S.R., Anderson K. et al. Osteopetrosis in mice lacking haematopoietic transcription factor PU.1. Nature. 1997; 386(6620): 81-84Sharma S.M., Bronisz A., Hu R. et al. MITF and PU.1 recruit p38 MAPK and NFATc1 to target genes during osteoclast differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2007; 282(21): 15921-1599Sharma S.M., Bronisz A., Hu R. et al. MITF and PU.1 recruit p38 MAPK and NFATc1 to target genes during osteoclast differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2007; 282(21): 15921-1599Yamashita T. ,Yao Z., Zhang Q. et al. NF-kappa B p50 and p52 regulate receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor- induced osteoclast precursor differentiation by activating c-Fos and NFATc1. J Biol Chem. 2007; 282(25): 18245-18253Yamashita T. ,Yao Z., Zhang Q. et al. NF-kappa B p50 and p52 regulate receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and tumor necrosis factor- induced osteoclast precursor differentiation by activating c-Fos and NFATc1. J Biol Chem. 2007; 282(25): 18245-18253Kim H., Choi H.K., Shin J.H. et al. Selective inhibition of RANK blocks osteoclast maturation and function and prevents bone loss in mice. J Clin Invest. 2009; 199(4): 813-825Kim H., Choi H.K., Shin J.H. et al. Selective inhibition of RANK blocks osteoclast maturation and function and prevents bone loss in mice. J Clin Invest. 2009; 199(4): 813-825Roodman G.D. pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease. J Cell Biochem. 2010; 109(2): 283-291Roodman G.D. pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease. J Cell Biochem. 2010; 109(2): 283-291Gluliani N., Colla S., Rizzoli V. Update on the pathogenesis of osteolysis in multiple myeloma patients. Acta Biomed. 2004; 75(3): 143-152Gluliani N., Colla S., Rizzoli V. Update on the pathogenesis of osteolysis in multiple myeloma patients. Acta Biomed. 2004; 75(3): 143-152Li J., Sarosi I., Yan X.Q. et al. RANK is the intrinsic hematopoietic cell surface receptor that controls osteoclastogenesis and regulation of bone mass and calcium metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97(4): 1566-1571Li J., Sarosi I., Yan X.Q. et al. RANK is the intrinsic hematopoietic cell surface receptor that controls osteoclastogenesis and regulation of bone mass and calcium metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97(4): 1566-1571Charopoulos I., Orme S., Giannoudis P.V. The role and efficacy of denosumab in the treatment of osteoporosis: an update. expert opin drug Saf. 2011; 10(2):205-17Charopoulos I., Orme S., Giannoudis P.V. The role and efficacy of denosumab in the treatment of osteoporosis: an update. expert opin drug Saf. 2011; 10(2):205-17Gillespie M.T. impact of cytokines and t lymphocytes upon osteoclast differentiation and function. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007; 9(2): 103Gillespie M.T. impact of cytokines and t lymphocytes upon osteoclast differentiation and function. Arthritis Res Ther. 2007; 9(2): 103Tolar J., Teitelbaum S.L., Orchard P.J. Osteopetrosis. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351 (27): 2839-2849Tolar J., Teitelbaum S.L., Orchard P.J. Osteopetrosis. N Engl J Med. 2004; 351 (27): 2839-2849Teitelbaum S.L. Osteoclasts: what do they do and how do they do it? Am J Pathol. 2007; 170(2): 427-435Teitelbaum S.L. Osteoclasts: what do they do and how do they do it? Am J Pathol. 2007; 170(2): 427-435Ross F.P., Teitelbaum S.L. Alphavbeta3 and macrophage colony- stimulating factor: partners in osteoclast biology. Immunol Rev. 2005; 208: 88-105Ross F.P., Teitelbaum S.L. Alphavbeta3 and macrophage colony- stimulating factor: partners in osteoclast biology. Immunol Rev. 2005; 208: 88-105Blair H.C., Zaidi M., Schlesinger P.H. Mechanisms balancing skeletal matrix synthesis and degradation. Biochem J. 2002; 364(Pt 2): 329-341Blair H.C., Zaidi M., Schlesinger P.H. Mechanisms balancing skeletal matrix synthesis and degradation. Biochem J. 2002; 364(Pt 2): 329-341Burstone M.S. Histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in osteoclasts. J Histochem Cytochem. 1959; 7(1): 39-41Burstone M.S. Histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase activity in osteoclasts. J Histochem Cytochem. 1959; 7(1): 39-41Seibel M.J. Biochemical markers of bone turnover: Part I: Biochemistry and variability. Clin Biochem Rev. 2005; 26(4): 97-122Seibel M.J. Biochemical markers of bone turnover: Part I: Biochemistry and variability. Clin Biochem Rev. 2005; 26(4): 97-122Ek-Rylander B., Flores M., Wendel M. et al. Dephosphorylation of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein by osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatese. modulation of osteoclast adhesion in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269(21): 14853-14856Ek-Rylander B., Flores M., Wendel M. et al. Dephosphorylation of osteopontin and bone sialoprotein by osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatese. modulation of osteoclast adhesion in vitro. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269(21): 14853-14856Murphy M.G., Cerchio K., Stoch S.A. et al. Effect of L-000845704, an alpha vbeta3 integrin antagonist, on markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90(4): 2022-2028Murphy M.G., Cerchio K., Stoch S.A. et al. Effect of L-000845704, an alpha vbeta3 integrin antagonist, on markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90(4): 2022-2028Pérez-Castrillôn J.L., Pinacho F., De Luis D. et al. Odanacatib, a new drug for the treatment of osteoporosis: review of the results in postmenopausal women. J osteoporos. 2010; 2010.pii: 401581Pérez-Castrillôn J.L., Pinacho F., De Luis D. et al. Odanacatib, a new drug for the treatment of osteoporosis: review of the results in postmenopausal women. J osteoporos. 2010; 2010.pii: 401581Денисов-Никольский Ю.И., Докторов А.А., Матвейчук И.В. Структура и функция костной ткани в норме: в кн.: Руководство по остеопорозу. Под ред. Л.И.Беневоленской.-М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний. 2003; 524 с- гл. 2, с.56-76 [Denisov-Nikol'skii' Iu.I., Doktorov A.A., Matvei'chuk I.V. Struktura i funktciia kostnoi' tkani v norme: v kn.: Rukovodstvo po osteoporozu. Pod red. L.I.Benevolenskoi'.- M.: BINOM. LABORATORIIAZNANII'. 2003; 524 S- GL. 2, S.56-76]Денисов-Никольский Ю.И., Докторов А.А., Матвейчук И.В. Структура и функция костной ткани в норме: в кн.: Руководство по остеопорозу. Под ред. Л.И.Беневоленской.-М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний. 2003; 524 с- гл. 2, с.56-76 [Denisov-Nikol'skii' Iu.I., Doktorov A.A., Matvei'chuk I.V. Struktura i funktciia kostnoi' tkani v norme: v kn.: Rukovodstvo po osteoporozu. Pod red. L.I.Benevolenskoi'.- M.: BINOM. LABORATORIIAZNANII'. 2003; 524 S- GL. 2, S.56-76]Hadjidakis D.J., Androulakis I.I. Bone remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006; 1092: 385-396Hadjidakis D.J., Androulakis I.I. Bone remodeling. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006; 1092: 385-396Беневоленская Л.И., Насонов Е.А. Патогенез остеопороза: в кн.: Руководство по остеопорозу. Под ред. Л.И.Беневоленской.- М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний. 2003; - 524 с- гл. 3, с.77-104 [Benevolenskaia L.I., Nasonov E.A. patogenez osteoporoza: V kn.: Rukovodstvo po osteoporozu. Pod red. L.I.Benevolenskoi'.- M.: BINOM. LABORATORIIA ZNANII'. 2003; - 524 S- GL. 3, S.77-104]Беневоленская Л.И., Насонов Е.А. Патогенез остеопороза: в кн.: Руководство по остеопорозу. Под ред. Л.И.Беневоленской.- М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний. 2003; - 524 с- гл. 3, с.77-104 [Benevolenskaia L.I., Nasonov E.A. patogenez osteoporoza: V kn.: Rukovodstvo po osteoporozu. Pod red. L.I.Benevolenskoi'.- M.: BINOM. LABORATORIIA ZNANII'. 2003; - 524 S- GL. 3, S.77-104]Котельников Г.П., Булгакова С.В. Остеопороз: руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР- Медиа. 2010; 512 с [Kotel'nikov G.P., Bulgakova S.V. Osteoporoz: rukovodstvo. M.: GEOTAR- MEDIA. 2010; 512 S]Котельников Г.П., Булгакова С.В. Остеопороз: руководство. М.: ГЭОТАР- Медиа. 2010; 512 с [Kotel'nikov G.P., Bulgakova S.V. Osteoporoz: rukovodstvo. M.: GEOTAR- MEDIA. 2010; 512 S]Hauge E.M., Qvesel D., Eriksen E.F. et al. Cancellous bone remodeling occurs in specialized compartments lined by cells expressing osteoblastic markers. J Bone Miner Res. 2001; 16(9): 1575-1582Hauge E.M., Qvesel D., Eriksen E.F. et al. Cancellous bone remodeling occurs in specialized compartments lined by cells expressing osteoblastic markers. J Bone Miner Res. 2001; 16(9): 1575-1582Eriksen E.F., Eghbali- Fatourechi G.Z., Khosla S. Remodeling and vascular spaces in bone. J Bone Miner Res. 2007; 22(1): 1-6Eriksen E.F., Eghbali- Fatourechi G.Z., Khosla S. Remodeling and vascular spaces in bone. J Bone Miner Res. 2007; 22(1): 1-6Khosla S., Westendorf J.J., Oursler M.J. Building bone to reverse osteoporosis and repair fractures. J Clin Invest. 2008; 118(2): 421-428Khosla S., Westendorf J.J., Oursler M.J. Building bone to reverse osteoporosis and repair fractures. J Clin Invest. 2008; 118(2): 421-428Mohan S., Baylink D.J. Insulin- like growth factor system components and the coupling of bone formation to resorption. Horm Res. 1996; 45 Suppl 1: 59-62Mohan S., Baylink D.J. Insulin- like growth factor system components and the coupling of bone formation to resorption. Horm Res. 1996; 45 Suppl 1: 59-62Bonewald L.F., Mundy G.R. Role of transforming growth factor- beta in bone remodeling. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990; (250): 261-276Bonewald L.F., Mundy G.R. Role of transforming growth factor- beta in bone remodeling. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990; (250): 261-276Zhao C., Irie N., Takada Y. et al. Bidirectional Ephrin B2-Eph B4 signaling controls bone homeostasis. Cell Metab. 2006; 4(2): 111-121Zhao C., Irie N., Takada Y. et al. Bidirectional Ephrin B2-Eph B4 signaling controls bone homeostasis. Cell Metab. 2006; 4(2): 111-121Matsuo K., Irie N. Osteoclast- osteoblast communication. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008; 473(2): 201-209Matsuo K., Irie N. Osteoclast- osteoblast communication. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008; 473(2): 201-209Ryu J., Kim H.J., Chang E.J. et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate as a regulator of osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast- osteoblast coupling. Embo J. 2006; 25(24): 5840-5851Ryu J., Kim H.J., Chang E.J. et al. Sphingosine 1-phosphate as a regulator of osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast- osteoblast coupling. Embo J. 2006; 25(24): 5840-5851Irie N., Takada Y., Watanabe Y. et al. Bidirectional signaling through ephrin A2- Eph A2 enhances osteoclastogenesis and suppresses osteoblastogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2009; 284(21): 14637-14644Irie N., Takada Y., Watanabe Y. et al. Bidirectional signaling through ephrin A2- Eph A2 enhances osteoclastogenesis and suppresses osteoblastogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2009; 284(21): 14637-14644Martin T.J., Allan E.H., Ho P.W. et al. Communication between Ephrin B2 and Eph B4 within the osteoblast lineage. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 658: 51-60Martin T.J., Allan E.H., Ho P.W. et al. Communication between Ephrin B2 and Eph B4 within the osteoblast lineage. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 658: 51-60Martin T.J., Gooi J.H., Sims N.F. Molecular mechanisms in coupling of bone formation to resorption. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2009; 19(1): 73-88Martin T.J., Gooi J.H., Sims N.F. Molecular mechanisms in coupling of bone formation to resorption. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2009; 19(1): 73-88

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.