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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1561-6274-2005-9-3-35-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-679</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ГОДЫ И ЖИЗНЬ (КАК ОБЪЕКТИВНАЯ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ) НА РЕГУЛЯРНОМ ГЕМОДИАЛИЗЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>YEARS AND LIFE (AS OBJECTIVE REALITY) ON REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спиридонов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spiridonov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра биохимии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисов</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisov</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра биохимии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>Э. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра биохимии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Левыкина</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Levykina</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра биохимии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суглобова</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suglobova</surname><given-names>E. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра биохимии</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии, Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П.Павлова</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2005</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2005</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спиридонов В.Н., Борисов Ю.А., Лебедева Э.Б., Левыкина Е.Н., Суглобова Е.Д., 2005</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2005</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спиридонов В.Н., Борисов Ю.А., Лебедева Э.Б., Левыкина Е.Н., Суглобова Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spiridonov V.N., Borisov Y.A., Lebedeva E.B., Levykina E.N., Suglobova E.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/679">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/679</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Анализ клиниколабораторных и биофизических показателей, характеризующих метаболические сдвиги у пациентов на хроническом гемодиализе, при длительном наблюдении. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В течение 201 сеанса регулярного гемодиализа обследовали 108 больных с терминальной стадией ХПН. 36 человек обследовали повторно, через 1,5 года после начала наблюдения, и 22 пациента – еще раз через 5,3 года. У 59 больных определяли уровень паратиреоидного гормона в крови. Достоверность различия данных до и после сеанса гемодиализа (p&lt;0,05) оценивали по величине коэффициента Стьюдента, эффективность гемодиализа – по величине Kt/V. Выживаемость больных рассчитывали моментным методом, определяли среднюю продолжительность жизни пациентов в отделении и ее дисперсию. Кислотный гемолиз производили по Терскову и Гительзону, ультразвуковой – с использованием аппарата для ультразвуковой терапии УЗТ1.03 У. Осмотическую резистентность определяли в 0,45% растворе NaCl колориметрически. Содержание паратиреоидного гормона в крови определяли иммуноферментным методом, а все остальные клинические показатели – в соответствии со стандартными унифицированными методиками. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. За последнее десятилетие выявлено двукратное увеличение среднего срока жизни больных. Отмечена положительная динамика в отношении показателей состояния сердечнососудистой системы: с длительностью лечения гемодиализом отрицательно коррелировали систолическое артериальное давление (r = 0,246±0,070, p &lt;0,001 до сеанса; r = 0,349±0,067, p&lt;0,0001 после сеанса), диастолическое артериальное давление (r = 0,286±0,069, p &lt;0,001 до сеанса; r = 0,340±0,068, p&lt;0,0001 после сеанса) и пульсовое давление после сеанса (r = 0,293±0,069, p&lt;0,0001). Установлена корреляция электролитного статуса плазмы с длительностью лечения гемодиализом: концентрация Na+ до сеанса гемодиализа уменьшалась (r = 0,232±0,070, p = 0,001), а Ca2+ возрастала (r = 0,327±0,068, p&lt;0,0001). Повышение интенсивности белкового обмена выразилось в постепенном увеличении концентрации общего белка крови (r = 0,234±0,080, p = 0,001), альбумина (r = 0,157±0,071, p = 0,028) и концентрации мочевины в плазме крови (r = 0,229±0,070, p=0,001). Сухой вес пациентов со временем снижался (r = 0,264±0,068, p&lt;0,0001). Возрастала стабильность эритроцитарных мембран: время кислотного гемолиза сокращалось (r = 0,152±0,071, p=0,034 до сеанса), увеличивался гематокрит (r = 0,190±0,070, p=0,008 до сеанса). Приведены коэффициенты корреляции артериального давления с весом больных до и после сеанса гемодиализа, а также с концентрацией Na+ в плазме крови, отмечен их достаточно стабильный статус, за исключением показателей минерального обмена: даже при оптимальных величинах фосфорнокальциевого произведения активность щелочной фосфатазы за 8–9 лет лечения хроническим гемодиализом возрастает более чем на 66%. На основе анализа клиниколабораторных показателей вскрыты наиболее вероятные меха низмы нарушений со стороны сердечнососудистой системы, белковолипидного обмена, водноэлектролитного и нутри ционного статусов и определены приоритетные направления их коррекции. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. В случае успешной адаптации больного к лечению регулярным гемодиализом в начальный период времени, в последующие 2–3 года состояние пациента постепенно улучшается, а затем на протяжении еще 7–9 лет остается вполне стабильным. При высоком качестве гемодиализной терапии эффективно корригируются нарушения белкового и липидного обменов, поддерживается нутриционный статус, адекватно корригируется анемия и не ухудшаются показатели сердечнососудистой системы. При этом клеточные структуры стабилизируются, улучшается состояние мембранных систем. Проблематичным остается лишь неудовлетворительное состояние минерального обмена.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE AIM of the investigation is an analysis of clinicolaboratory and biophysical indices characterizing the metabolic shifts in chronic hemodialysis patients under continuous observation. PATIENTS AND METHODS. During 201 sessions of regular hemodialysis 108 patients with the terminal stage of CRF were examined. Repeated examinations were performed on 36 patients within 1.5 years after the observations were started, 22 patients were examined once more within 5.3 years. The level of parathyroid hormone in blood was determined in 59 patients. Reliability of differences in the data before and after the hemodialysis sessions (p&lt;0.05) was estimated by the value of Student’s coefficient, the hemodialysis effectiveness  by the value Kt/V. Survival of the patients was calculated by the moment method, the average period of life at the hospital department and its dispersion were also determined. Acid hemolysis was performed after Terskov and Gitelzon, ultrasonic  with the apparatus of ultrasonic therapy UST 1.03 U. Osmotic resistance was determined in a 0.45% solution of NaCl calorimetrically. The immunoenzymic method was used to determine the content of parathyroid hormone in blood, all other clinical parameters were determined according to standard unified methods. RESULTS. For the recent decade the average term of life of these patients has become two times longer. Positive dynamics was noted in the indices of the state of the cardiovascular system: the duration of hemodialysis treatment had negative correlation with systolic arterial pressure (r = 0.246±0.070, p&lt;0.001 before session; r = 0.349±0.067, p&lt;0.0001after session), diastolic arterial pressure (r = 0.286±0.069, p&lt;0.001 before session; r = 0.340±0.068, p&lt;0.0001after session), and pulse pressure after session (r =  0.293±0.069, p&lt;0.0001). A correlation was established of the electrolyte status of plasma with the duration of hemodialysis treatment: Na+ concentration before hemodialysis session decreased (r = 0.232±0.070, p = 0.001), and Ca2+  increased (r =0.327±0.068, p&lt;0.0001). The increased intensity of protein metabolism was expressed as a gradually increased concentration of the total blood protein (r = 0.234±0.080, p = 0.001), albumin (r = 0.157±0.071, p= 0.028) and urea concentration in blood plasma (r = 0.229±0.070, p= 0.001). Dry weight of the patients decreased in due course (r = 0.264±0.068, p &lt;0.0001). Stability of the erythrocyte membranes grew up: acid hemolysis time shortened (r = 0.152±0.071, p=0.034 before session), hematocrit increased (r = 0.190±0.070, p=0.008 before session). Coefficients of correlation of arterial pressure with the patients’ weight before and after hemodialysis sessions are presented as well as with the concentration of Na+ in blood plasma. Their sufficiently stable status was noted with the exception of the mineral metabolism indices. Even with the optimal values of the phosphoruscalcium product activity of alkaline phosphatase becomes 60% higher for 89 years of chronic hemodialysis treatment. An analysis of clinicolaboratory indices disclosed the most possible mechanisms of impairments of the cardio vascular system, proteinlipid metabolism, waterelectrolyte and nutritional status. The priority directions in correction are determined. CONCLUSION. In case of successful adaptation of the patient to regular hemodialysis treatment at the initial period his condition gradually becomes better in the following 23 years, and later for 79 years remains fairly stable. The high quality hemodialysis therapy effectively corrects the impaired protein and lipid metabolism, maintains nutritional status, adequately corrects anemia, and the cardiovascular system parameters do not deteriorate. The cellular structures become stable, the membrane systems improve. The state of mineral metabolism is the only thing that remains problematic.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гемодиализ</kwd><kwd>хроническая почечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>длительность жизни пациентов</kwd><kwd>клиниколабораторные показатели</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hemodialysis</kwd><kwd>chronic renal failure</kwd><kwd>patients’ duration of life</kwd><kwd>cliniclaboratory indices</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee H, Manns B, Taub K et al. Cost analysis of ongoing care of patients with endstage renal disease: the impact of dialysis modality and dialysis access. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 40 (6): 12891294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee H, Manns B, Taub K et al. Cost analysis of ongoing care of patients with endstage renal disease: the impact of dialysis modality and dialysis access. 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