<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nefr</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Нефрология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-6274</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-9439</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">nefr-9</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гиперкальциурия у детей с инфекцией мочевой системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hypercalciuria in children with the infection of the urinary system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">micheeva.1974@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зверев</surname><given-names>Я. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zverev</surname><given-names>YA. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Выходцева</surname><given-names>Г. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vykhodceva</surname><given-names>G. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanov</surname><given-names>YU. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Алтайский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Михеева Н.М., Зверев Я.Ф., Выходцева Г.И., Лобанов Ю.Ф., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Михеева Н.М., Зверев Я.Ф., Выходцева Г.И., Лобанов Ю.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mikheeva N.M., Zverev Y.F., Vykhodceva G.I., Lobanov Y.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/9">https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/9</self-uri><abstract><p>ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: изучить характер метаболических нарушений у детей г. Барнаула с инфекцией мочевой системы (ИМС) и выявить связь между ИМС и идиопатической гиперкальциурией. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование были включены 49 детей с ИМС в возрасте от 1 года до 14 лет (42 девочки и 7 мальчиков, средний возраст 6,6±3,7 года), госпитализированных в нефрологическое отделение КГБУЗ «Детская городская больница № 1», г Барнаул. Всем больным было проведено общеклиническое обследование, а также биохимическое исследование крови и мочи с определением уровня кальция, фосфора, креатинина, мочевины и мочевой кислоты, уровня ферментов мочи щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ) и гамма-глутамилтрансферазы (ГГТ), оценка соотношения кальций/креатинин в моче. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. У 49% обследованных детей отмечалось сочетание ИМС с диометаболической нефропатией, при этом статистически значимо чаще регистрировалась оксалатно-кальциевая кристаллурия. Более чем у 70% детей кальций/креатининовый коэффициент превышал 0,2, что свидетельствует о гиперкальциурии. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Инфекции мочевой системы у детей часто сочетаются с идиопатической гиперкальциурией, что свидетельствует о необходимости определения суточной экскреции кальция или соотношения кальций/креатинин в моче у детей с микробно-воспалительными заболеваниями органов мочевой системы и решения вопроса о коррекции метаболических нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>THE AIM. To study the metabolic abnormalities in children of Barnaul with the infection of the urinary system and to identify the relationship between the infection of the urinary system and idiopathic hypercalciuria. PATIENTS AND METHODS. The study included 49 children with the infection of the urinary system in age from 1 year to 14 years (42 girls and 7 boys, mean age 6,6 ± 3,7 years) hospitalized in nephrologic department of the «Town Children Hospital № 1» of Barnaul. All patients performed clinical examination and biochemical examination of blood and urine samples with a certain level of calcium, phosphor, creatinine, urea and uric acid levels, urine enzymes alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, the urine calcium/creatinine ratio. RESULTS. In 49% of children revealed a combination the infection of the urinary system with metabolic disorders, with statistically significantly more frequently detected the calcium oxalate cristaluriya. Over 70% of children had the urine calcium/creatinine ratio greater than 0.2 indicating the idiopathic hypekalciuria. CONCLUSION. Urinary tract infection in children is often combined with idiopathic hypercalciuria indicating a need to define the daily excretion of calcium or calcium/creatinine in the urine of children with microbial and inflammatory diseases of the urinary system, and a decision on the correction of metabolic disorders.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфекция мочевой системы у детей</kwd><kwd>идиопатическая гиперкальциурия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infection of the urinary system in children</kwd><kwd>idiopathic hypercalciuria</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Игнатова М.С. Современные представления о заболеваниях почек в детском возрасте. Материалы VIII Рос. конгр. «Совр. технологии в педиатрии и дет. хирургии» (Москва, 20-22 октября 2009). М., 2009; 178-183</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Игнатова М.С. Современные представления о заболеваниях почек в детском возрасте. Материалы VIII Рос. конгр. «Совр. технологии в педиатрии и дет. хирургии» (Москва, 20-22 октября 2009). М., 2009; 178-183</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вялкова А.А., Бухарин О.В., Гриценко В.А. Современные представления об этиологии микробно-воспалительных заболеваний органов мочевой системы у детей. Нефрология и диализ 2001; 3(4): 463-469</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вялкова А.А., Бухарин О.В., Гриценко В.А. Современные представления об этиологии микробно-воспалительных заболеваний органов мочевой системы у детей. Нефрология и диализ 2001; 3(4): 463-469</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гордеева Е.А. Дизметаболические нефропатии (оксалурии) у детей: современный подход к лечению. Леч. врач 2009; (6): 42-44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гордеева Е.А. Дизметаболические нефропатии (оксалурии) у детей: современный подход к лечению. Леч. врач 2009; (6): 42-44</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вельтищев Ю.Е. Экологически детерминированная патология детского возраста. Рос. вестн. перинатологии и педиатрии 1996; (2): 5-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вельтищев Ю.Е. Экологически детерминированная патология детского возраста. Рос. вестн. перинатологии и педиатрии 1996; (2): 5-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Выходцева Г.И. Межорганные взаимоотношения при гастр- и нефропатиях у детей под действием факторов внешней среды Алтайского края: автореф. дис.. д-ра мед. наук Новосибирск, 1999: 34 с</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Выходцева Г.И. Межорганные взаимоотношения при гастр- и нефропатиях у детей под действием факторов внешней среды Алтайского края: автореф. дис.. д-ра мед. наук Новосибирск, 1999: 34 с</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albright F., Henneman P., Benedict P., Forbes A. Idiopathic hypercalciuria. A preliminary report. Proc R. Soc Med 1953; (46): 1077-1081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albright F., Henneman P., Benedict P., Forbes A. Idiopathic hypercalciuria. A preliminary report. Proc R. Soc Med 1953; (46): 1077-1081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freundlich M., Alonzo E., Bellorin-Font E., Weisinger JR. Reduced bone mass in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and in their asymptomatic mothers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17 (8): 1396-1401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freundlich M., Alonzo E., Bellorin-Font E., Weisinger JR. Reduced bone mass in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria and in their asymptomatic mothers. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002; 17 (8): 1396-1401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vezzoli G., Soldati L., Gambaro G. Hypercalciuria revisited: one or many conditions? Pediatr Nephrol 2008; (23): 503-506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vezzoli G., Soldati L., Gambaro G. Hypercalciuria revisited: one or many conditions? Pediatr Nephrol 2008; (23): 503-506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worcester E.M., Coe F.L. New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28 (2): 120-132</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worcester E.M., Coe F.L. New insights into the pathogenesis of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28 (2): 120-132</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zerwekh J.E. Bone disease and idiopathic hypercalciuria. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28 (2): 133-142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zerwekh J.E. Bone disease and idiopathic hypercalciuria. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28 (2): 133-142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lau K.K. Clinical manifestations pf pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; (1): 52-59</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lau K.K. Clinical manifestations pf pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; (1): 52-59</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penido M.G.M.G., Diniz J.S.S., Moreira M.L.S.F. et al. Idiopathic hypercalciuria: presentation of 471 cases. J. Pediatr (Rio J) 2001; 77 (2): 101-104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penido M.G.M.G., Diniz J.S.S., Moreira M.L.S.F. et al. Idiopathic hypercalciuria: presentation of 471 cases. J. Pediatr (Rio J) 2001; 77 (2): 101-104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parekh D.J., Pope J.C. 4th, Adams M.C., Brock J.W. 3rd. The association of an increased urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio, and asymptomatic gross and microscopic hematuria in children. J. Urol 2002; 167 (1): 272-274</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parekh D.J., Pope J.C. 4th, Adams M.C., Brock J.W. 3rd. The association of an increased urinary calcium-to-creatinine ratio, and asymptomatic gross and microscopic hematuria in children. J. Urol 2002; 167 (1): 272-274</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akl K., Ghawanmeh R. The clinical spectrum of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children: isolated and associated with hypercalciuria/hyperoxaluria. Saudi J. Kidney Dis Transpl 2012; 23 (5): 979-984</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akl K., Ghawanmeh R. The clinical spectrum of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children: isolated and associated with hypercalciuria/hyperoxaluria. Saudi J. Kidney Dis Transpl 2012; 23 (5): 979-984</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смирнов А.В., Есаян А.М., Каюков И.Г., Кучер А.Г. Концепция хронической болезни почек в педиатрии. Нефрология 2005; 9(4): 7-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Смирнов А.В., Есаян А.М., Каюков И.Г., Кучер А.Г. Концепция хронической болезни почек в педиатрии. Нефрология 2005; 9(4): 7-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Архипов В.В. Концепция хронической болезни почек в педиатрии - следом за взрослыми, или посмотрим, что нам предлагается. Нефрология 2006; 10(3): 120-122</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Архипов В.В. Концепция хронической болезни почек в педиатрии - следом за взрослыми, или посмотрим, что нам предлагается. Нефрология 2006; 10(3): 120-122</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emamghorashi F., Davami M.H., Rohi R. Hypercalciuria in Jahrom’s school-age children: what is normal calcium-creatinine ratio? Iran J. Kidney Dis 2010; 4 (2): 112-115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emamghorashi F., Davami M.H., Rohi R. Hypercalciuria in Jahrom’s school-age children: what is normal calcium-creatinine ratio? Iran J. Kidney Dis 2010; 4 (2): 112-115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fallahzadeh M.K., Fallahzadeh M.H., Mowla A., Derakhshan A. Hypercalciuria in children with urinary tract symptoms. Saudi J. Kidney Dis Transpl 2010; 21 (4): 673-677</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fallahzadeh M.K., Fallahzadeh M.H., Mowla A., Derakhshan A. Hypercalciuria in children with urinary tract symptoms. Saudi J. Kidney Dis Transpl 2010; 21 (4): 673-677</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heiliczer J.D., Canonigo B.B., Bishof N.A., Moore E.S. Noncalculi urinary tract disorders secondary to idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; (152): 1226-1228</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heiliczer J.D., Canonigo B.B., Bishof N.A., Moore E.S. Noncalculi urinary tract disorders secondary to idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1987; (152): 1226-1228</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez M.M., Castillo L.A., Chavez J.B., Ramones C. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infection in Venezuelan children. Pediatr Nephrol 1999; 13 (5): 433-437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez M.M., Castillo L.A., Chavez J.B., Ramones C. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infection in Venezuelan children. Pediatr Nephrol 1999; 13 (5): 433-437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vachvanichsanong P., Malagon M., Moore E.S. Urinary tract infection in children associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Scand J. Urol Nephrol 2001; 35 (2): 112-116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vachvanichsanong P., Malagon M., Moore E.S. Urinary tract infection in children associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria. Scand J. Urol Nephrol 2001; 35 (2): 112-116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biyikli N.K., Alpay H., Guran T. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections: incidence and symptoms in children jver 5 years of age. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20 (10): 1435-1438</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biyikli N.K., Alpay H., Guran T. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections: incidence and symptoms in children jver 5 years of age. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20 (10): 1435-1438</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stojanovic V.D., Milosevic B.O., Djapic M.B., Bubalo J.D. Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with urinary tract infection in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22 (9): 1291-1295</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stojanovic V.D., Milosevic B.O., Djapic M.B., Bubalo J.D. Idiopathic hypercalciuria associated with urinary tract infection in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22 (9): 1291-1295</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sadeghi-Bojd S., Hashemi M. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections among children in Zahedan, Iran. J. Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58 (11): 624-626</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadeghi-Bojd S., Hashemi M. Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary tract infections among children in Zahedan, Iran. J. Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58 (11): 624-626</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nacaroglu H.T., Demircin G., Bülbül M. et al. The association between urinary tract infection and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Ren Fail 2013; 35 (3): 327-332</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nacaroglu H.T., Demircin G., Bülbül M. et al. The association between urinary tract infection and idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. Ren Fail 2013; 35 (3): 327-332</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabel X., Mir S. The long-term outcomes of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. J. Pediatr Urol 2006; (2): 453-458</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabel X., Mir S. The long-term outcomes of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. J. Pediatr Urol 2006; (2): 453-458</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laufer J., Boichis H. Urolithiasis in children: current medical management. Pediatr Nephrol 1989; 3 (3): 317-321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laufer J., Boichis H. Urolithiasis in children: current medical management. Pediatr Nephrol 1989; 3 (3): 317-321</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milliner D.S., Murphy M.E. Urolithiasis in pediatric patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1993; 68 (3): 241-248</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milliner D.S., Murphy M.E. Urolithiasis in pediatric patients. Mayo Clin Proc 1993; 68 (3): 241-248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwaderer A., Srivastava T. Complications of hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; (1): 306-315</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwaderer A., Srivastava T. Complications of hypercalciuria. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2009; (1): 306-315</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mannhardt W., Becker A., Putzer M. Host defense within the urinary tract. I. Bacterial adhesion initiates an uroepithelial defense mechanism. Pediatr Nephrol 1996; (10): 568-572</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mannhardt W., Becker A., Putzer M. Host defense within the urinary tract. I. Bacterial adhesion initiates an uroepithelial defense mechanism. Pediatr Nephrol 1996; (10): 568-572</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mannhardt W., Putzer M., Schulte-Wissermann H. Host defense within the urinary tract. II. Signal transducing events activate the uroepithelial defense. Pediatr Nephrol 1996; (10): 573-577</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mannhardt W., Putzer M., Schulte-Wissermann H. Host defense within the urinary tract. II. Signal transducing events activate the uroepithelial defense. Pediatr Nephrol 1996; (10): 573-577</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жариков А.Ю., Зверев Я.Ф., Брюханов В.М., Лампатов В.В. Современные представления о модуляторах оксалатного нефролитиаза. I. Стимуляторы кристаллизации. Нефрология 2009; 13 (1): 56-72</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Жариков А.Ю., Зверев Я.Ф., Брюханов В.М., Лампатов В.В. Современные представления о модуляторах оксалатного нефролитиаза. I. Стимуляторы кристаллизации. Нефрология 2009; 13 (1): 56-72</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lieske J.C., Hammes M.S., Hoyer J.R., Toback F.G. Renal cell osteopontin production is stimulated by calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Kidney Int 1997; (51): 679-686</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lieske J.C., Hammes M.S., Hoyer J.R., Toback F.G. Renal cell osteopontin production is stimulated by calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. Kidney Int 1997; (51): 679-686</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akil I., Kavukcu S., Inan S. et al. Evaluation of histologic changes in the urinary tract of hypercalciuric rats. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21 (11): 1681-1689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akil I., Kavukcu S., Inan S. et al. Evaluation of histologic changes in the urinary tract of hypercalciuric rats. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21 (11): 1681-1689</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
