nefrНефрологияNephrology (Saint-Petersburg)1561-62742541-9439Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University10.36485/1561-6274-2024-28-4-55-72REMOJBnefr-2352Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ. КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL ARTICLES. CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONSИндивидуализация уровня натрия в диализирующем растворе: результаты проспективного интервенционного исследования и перспективы внедренияIndividualization of the sodium level in the dialysis solution: results of a prospective interventional study and prospects for implementationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-4711ВишневскийК. А.VishnevskiiK. A.
Асс. Вишневский Константин Александрович, канд. мед. наук. ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский институт им. И.И. Мечникова», кафедра внутренних болезней, нефрологии, общей и клинической фармакологии с курсом фармации; СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница», заведующий отделением диализа
191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41; 191104, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., д. 56.
Assistant Vishnevskii Konstantin Alexandrovich, MD, PhD, North-Western State medical university named after I.I.Mechnikov, assistant of the Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, General and Clinical Pharmacology with Pharmacy course
191015, Kirochnaya str., 41, St.-Petersburg
vishnevskii2022@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-2309-8083ГерасимчукР. П.GerasimchukR. P.
Доц. Герасимчук Роман Павлович, канд. мед. наук, ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский институт им. И.И. Мечникова», кафедра внутренних болезней, нефрологии, общей и клинической фармакологии с курсом фармации; Городской нефрологический центр СПб ГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница», врач отделения диализа
191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 41; 191104, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., д. 56.
Associate Professor Gerasimchuk Roman Pavlovich, MD, PhD, nephrologist of the Dialysis Department of the St. Petersburg City Nephrological Center of the State Medical Institution "City Mariinsky Hospital"; Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, General and Clinical Pharmacology with Pharmacy course of the I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical Institute
191015, Kirochnaya str., 41, St.-Petersburg
romger@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-2878-657XМатвееваД. А.MatveevaD. A.
Matveeva Daria Andreevna, Clinical hospital of St.-Luke. Saint Petersburg Russia head of nephrology department
194044, Chugunnaya str., 46, St. Petersburg
matveeva.darya.1990@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-9561-9779СабодашА. Б.SabodashA. B.
Доц. Сабодаш Анастасия Борисовна, канд. мед. наук, ООО «ББраун Авитум Руссланд Клиникс», главный врач ОП №1; ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский ГМУ им. акад. И.П. Павлова», кафедра нефрологии и диализа
Санкт-Петербург
Sabodash Anastasia Borisovna, MD, PhD, Shief Physician of BBraun Avitum Russland Clinics LLC (Unit 1) in St. Petersburg; Associate Professor of the Department of Nephrology and Dialysis of the First St. Petersburg State Medical University named after I.P. Pavlov
St. Petersburg
sabodash@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-7656-2122КороткийД. В.KorotkiiD. V.
Асс. Короткий Дмитрий Владимирович, канд. мед. наук, Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет, кафедра семейной медицины ФП и ДПО; врач центра ультразвуковой и функциональной диагностики СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»
194100, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2Е.
Korotkii Dmitry Vladimirovich, St. Petersburg state pediatric medical university, Family Medicine FP and DPO
Доц. Земченков Александр Юрьевич, канд. мед. наук, Городской нефрологический центр СПб ГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница», отделение диализа, врач
191104, Санкт-Петербург, Литейный пр., д. 56.
Associate Professor Zemchenkov Alexander Yuryevich, MD, PhD, nephrologist of dialysis department of the City Nephrological Center of City Mariinsky Hospital
191104, Liteiny pr.,56 Saint Petersburg
kletk@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2767-7153ПоповС. В.PopovS. V.
Проф. Попов Сергей Валерьевич, д-р мед. наук, Главный врач СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки», руководитель Центра эндоскопической урологии и новых технологий, профессор кафедры урологии ВМедА, Россия
194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Чугунная, 46
Prof. Popov Sergey Valerievich, MD, PhD, DMedSci, Chief Physician of the St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital of St. Luke, Head of the Center for Endoscopic Urology and New Technologies; Professor of the Department of Urology of the Military Medical Academy
194044, St. Petersburg, Chugunnaya St., 46
doc.popov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-4096БакулинаН. В.BakulinaN. V.
Проф. Бакулина Наталья Валерьевна, д-р мед. наук, заведующая кафедрой внутренних болезней, нефрологии, общей и клинической фармакологии с курсом фармации
Санкт-Петербург
Prof. Natalia Valerievna. Bakulina – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor; Head of the Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, General and Clinical Pharmacology with Pharmacy course,
191015, Kirochnaya str., 41, St.-Petersburg
nv_bakulina@mail.ruСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова;
СПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»РоссияNorth-Western State medical university named after I.I.Mechnikov;
City Mariinsky HospitalRussian FederationСПбГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»РоссияSt. Luke's Clinical HospitalRussian FederationПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова;
ББраун Авитум Руссланд КлиниксРоссияPavlov University;
BBraun Avitum Russland ClinicsRussian FederationСПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»;
Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияCity Mariinsky Hospital; St. Petersburg state pediatric medical universityRussian FederationСПбГБУЗ «Городская Мариинская больница»РоссияCity Mariinsky HospitalRussian FederationСПбГБУЗ «Клиническая больница Святителя Луки»; Военно-медицинская академии им. С.М. КироваРоссияCity Mariinsky Hospital;
Military Medical AcademyRussian FederationСеверо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. МечниковаРоссияNorth-Western State medical university named after I.I.MechnikovRussian Federation2024170120252845572Copyright © Вишневский К.А., Герасимчук Р.П., Матвеева Д.А., Сабодаш А.Б., Короткий Д.В., Земченков А.Ю., Попов С.В., Бакулина Н.В., 20252025Вишневский К.А., Герасимчук Р.П., Матвеева Д.А., Сабодаш А.Б., Короткий Д.В., Земченков А.Ю., Попов С.В., Бакулина Н.В.Vishnevskii K.A., Gerasimchuk R.P., Matveeva D.A., Sabodash A.B., Korotkii D.V., Zemchenkov A.Y., Popov S.V., Bakulina N.V.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://journal.nephrolog.ru/jour/article/view/2352ВВЕДЕНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Достижение и поддержание эугидратации являются ключевыми компонентами эффективности диализа, особенно в плане снижения риска сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Нагрузка натрием во время сеанса является одной из причин избыточного потребления натрия и воды.
ЦЕЛЬ – оценить эффективность и безопасность индивидуального подхода к назначению диализата натрия на основе содержания натрия в сыворотке крови. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. После ретроспективного анализа уровня натрия в сыворотке крови (1049 пациенто-месяцев) междиализных прибавок массы тела (IDWG), артериального давления (АД) и натрия диализата (NaD) мы назначили NaD в соответствии с установочной точкой (n=45).
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Стабильность содержания натрия в сыворотке крови перед диализом была высокой, и для точной оценки величины установочной точки натрия было достаточно пяти ежемесячных проб. Через шесть месяцев наблюдалось снижение IDWG с 2,51±0,86 до 2,26±0,87 кг во всей группе (р=0,003), результат был достигнут в обеих подгруппах при снижении NaD (2,63±0,81→2,37±0,82 кг; р=0,021) и при увеличении NaD (2,39±0,90→2,15±0,88 кг; р=0,049). Исходные показатели IDWG были выше в первой подгруппе (р=0,041), но после индивидуализации NaD они были близкими. Индивидуализация NaD сопровождалась постепенным снижением систолического АД (–0,76±0,14 мм рт. ст./мес, р=0,005), но не диастолического АД (–0,13±0,13 ммоль/л/мес). После двунаправленного изменения NaD динамика систолического АД не отличалась между группами при снижении или повышении НАД: (–0,80±0,13 против –0,72±0,11 мм рт. ст./мес; р=0,052).
ВЫВОДЫ
ВЫВОДЫ. Индивидуализация диализата натрия по установочной точке приводит к снижению IDWG и АД, даже при повышении NaD, без увеличения частоты гипотоний во время диализа. Эффективность и безопасность такого подхода требуют подтверждения в крупномасштабных интервенционных исследованиях.
BACKGROUND. The achievement and maintenance of euhydration are the key components of dialysis effectiveness, particularly in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events. Sodium loading during the session is one of causes of excessive sodium and water intake. THE AIM: was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of an individualized approach to the prescription of dialysate sodium based on the serum sodium. PATIENTS AND METHODS. After retrospective analysis of previous serum sodium (1049 patients-months), interdialytic weight gain (IDWG), blood pressure(BP) and dialysate sodium(NaD), we prescribed the NaD at the sodium setpoint (n=45). RESULTS. The stability of predialysis serum sodium was high, and five monthly samples were sufficient to accurately assess the sodium setpoint. After six-month, there was a reduction in IDWG from 2.51±0.86 to 2.26±0.87 kg in the entire group (p=0.003), the result was achieved in both subgroups, with a decrease in NaD (2.63±0.81→2.37±0.82 kg; p=0.021), and with an increase in NaD (2.39±0.90→2.15±0.88 kg; p=0.049). Baseline IDWGs were higher in the first subgroup (p=0.041); but after NaD individualizing they were almost the same. Individualization of NaD was accompanied by a gradual reduction in systolic BP (-0.76±0.14 mmHg/month, p=0.005), but not diastolic BP (-0.13±0.13 mmol/l/month). After bidirectional change in NaD the dynamics of systolic BP didn`t differ between groups with a decrease or increase in NaD: (-0.80±0.13 vs. -0.72±0.11 mmHg/month; p=0.052). CONCLUSION. Individualization of dialysate sodium to set point leads to a decrease in IDWG and BP even while NaD increases, without increasing in the frequency of intradialysis hypotension. The effectiveness and safety of the approach require confirmation in large-scale interventional studies.
установочная точка натриямеждиализная прибавка массы телаартериальное давлениеинтрадиализная гипотонияsodium setpointinterdialysis weight gainblood pressureintradialysis hypotension
ВВЕДЕНИЕ. Достижение и поддержание эугидратации являются ключевыми компонентами эффективности диализа, особенно в плане снижения риска сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. Нагрузка натрием во время сеанса является одной из причин избыточного потребления натрия и воды.
ЦЕЛЬ – оценить эффективность и безопасность индивидуального подхода к назначению диализата натрия на основе содержания натрия в сыворотке крови. ПАЦИЕНТЫ И МЕТОДЫ. После ретроспективного анализа уровня натрия в сыворотке крови (1049 пациенто-месяцев) междиализных прибавок массы тела (IDWG), артериального давления (АД) и натрия диализата (NaD) мы назначили NaD в соответствии с установочной точкой (n=45).
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Стабильность содержания натрия в сыворотке крови перед диализом была высокой, и для точной оценки величины установочной точки натрия было достаточно пяти ежемесячных проб. Через шесть месяцев наблюдалось снижение IDWG с 2,51±0,86 до 2,26±0,87 кг во всей группе (р=0,003), результат был достигнут в обеих подгруппах при снижении NaD (2,63±0,81→2,37±0,82 кг; р=0,021) и при увеличении NaD (2,39±0,90→2,15±0,88 кг; р=0,049). Исходные показатели IDWG были выше в первой подгруппе (р=0,041), но после индивидуализации NaD они были близкими. Индивидуализация NaD сопровождалась постепенным снижением систолического АД (–0,76±0,14 мм рт. ст./мес, р=0,005), но не диастолического АД (–0,13±0,13 ммоль/л/мес). После двунаправленного изменения NaD динамика систолического АД не отличалась между группами при снижении или повышении НАД: (–0,80±0,13 против –0,72±0,11 мм рт. ст./мес; р=0,052).
ВЫВОДЫ. Индивидуализация диализата натрия по установочной точке приводит к снижению IDWG и АД, даже при повышении NaD, без увеличения частоты гипотоний во время диализа. Эффективность и безопасность такого подхода требуют подтверждения в крупномасштабных интервенционных исследованиях.
ReferencesIman Y, Bamforth R, Ewhrudjakpor R et al. The impact of dialysate flow rate on haemodialysis adequacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Kidney J. 2024;17(7):sfae163. doi:я10.1093/ckj/sfae163Iman Y, Bamforth R, Ewhrudjakpor R et al. The impact of dialysate flow rate on haemodialysis adequacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Kidney J. 2024;17(7):sfae163. doi:я10.1093/ckj/sfae163Torreggiani M, Fois A, Njandjo L et al. Toward an individualized determination of dialysis adequacy: a narrative review with special emphasis on incremental hemodialysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021;21(11):1119–1137. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1987216Torreggiani M, Fois A, Njandjo L et al. Toward an individualized determination of dialysis adequacy: a narrative review with special emphasis on incremental hemodialysis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021;21(11):1119–1137. doi: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1987216Chan CT, Blankestijn PJ, Dember LM et al. Dialysis initiation, modality choice, access, and prescription: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2019;96(1):37–47. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.017Chan CT, Blankestijn PJ, Dember LM et al. Dialysis initiation, modality choice, access, and prescription: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2019;96(1):37–47. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.017Румянцев АШ, Земченков ГА, Сабодаш АБ. К вопросу о перспективах обновления клинических рекомендаций по гемодиализу. Нефрология 2019; 23 (2): 49–76. doi: 10.24884/15616274-2019-23-2-49-76.Rumyantsev AS, Zemchenkov GA, Sabodash AB. To the question about the prospective for the updates of clinical guidelines for hemodialysis. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2019;23(2):49–76. (In Russ.) doi: 10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-2-49-76Bansal N, Artinian NT, Bakris G et al. American Heart Association Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Hypertension in Patients Treated With In-Center Maintenance Hemodialysis: Current Evidence and Future Opportunities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2023;80(6):e112–e122. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000230Bansal N, Artinian NT, Bakris G et al. American Heart Association Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Hypertension in Patients Treated With InCenter Maintenance Hemodialysis: Current Evidence and Future Opportunities: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2023;80(6):e112–e122. doi: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000230Figuer A, Alique M, Valera G et al. New mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia (Engl Ed) 2023;43(1):63–80. doi: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.05.014Figuer A, Alique M, Valera G et al. New mechanisms involved in the development of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Nefrologia (Engl Ed) 2023;43(1):63–80. doi: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2023.05.014Keane D, Glyde M, Dasgupta I et al. Patient perspectives of target weight management and ultrafiltration in haemodialysis: a multi-center survey. BMC Nephrol 2021;22(1):188. doi: 10.1186/s12882-021-02399-7Keane D, Glyde M, Dasgupta I et al. Patient perspectives of target weight management and ultrafiltration in haemodialysis: a multi-center survey. BMC Nephrol 2021;22(1):188. doi: 10.1186/s12882-021-02399-7Dilaver RG, Ikizler TA. Personalizing electrolytes in the dialysis prescription: what, why and how? Clin Kidney J 2023;17(1):sfad210. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfad210Dilaver RG, Ikizler TA. Personalizing electrolytes in the dialysis prescription: what, why and how? Clin Kidney J 2023;17(1):sfad210. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfad210Petitclerc T, Mercadal L. Automated adjustment of dialysate sodium by the hemodialysis monitor: Rationale, implementation, and clinical benefits. Semin Dial 2023;36(3):184–192. doi: 10.1111/sdi.13132.Petitclerc T, Mercadal L. Automated adjustment of dialysate sodium by the hemodialysis monitor: Rationale, implementation, and clinical benefits. Semin Dial 2023;36(3):184–192. doi: 10.1111/sdi.13132.De Lima JJG, Gowdak LHW, Reusing JO Jr et al. Interdialytic Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Hemodialysis Patients. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023;30(3):235–241. doi: 10.1007/s40292-023-00575-4De Lima JJG, Gowdak LHW, Reusing JO Jr et al. Interdialytic Blood Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Death in Hemodialysis Patients. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023;30(3):235–241. doi: 10.1007/s40292-023-00575-4Smyth B, Krishnasamy R, Jardine M. RESOLVE Study Global Team. Are Observational Reports on the Association of Dialysate Sodium with Mortality Enough to Change Practice? Perspective from the RESOLVE Study Team. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024;35(2):229–231. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000289Smyth B, Krishnasamy R, Jardine M. RESOLVE Study Global Team. Are Observational Reports on the Association of Dialysate Sodium with Mortality Enough to Change Practice? Perspective from the RESOLVE Study Team. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024;35(2):229–231. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000289Yu J, Chen X, Li Y et al. Paradoxical Association Between Intradialytic Blood Pressure Change and Long-Term Mortality with Different Levels of Interdialytic Weight Gain. Int J Gen Med 2021;14:211–220. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S288038Yu J, Chen X, Li Y et al. Paradoxical Association Between Intradialytic Blood Pressure Change and Long-Term Mortality with Different Levels of Interdialytic Weight Gain. Int J Gen Med 2021;14:211–220. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S288038Pinter J, Genser B, Moissl U et al. Hyponatraemia and fluid overload are associated with higher risk of mortality in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38(10):2248–2256. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad041Pinter J, Genser B, Moissl U et al. Hyponatraemia and fluid overload are associated with higher risk of mortality in dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38(10):2248–2256. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad041Zoccali C, Moissl U, Chazot C et al. Chronic fluid overload and mortality in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;28(8):2491–2497. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016121341Zoccali C, Moissl U, Chazot C et al. Chronic fluid overload and mortality in ESRD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017;28(8):2491–2497. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016121341Kotanko P, Garg AX, Depner T et al. Effects of frequent hemodialysis on blood pressure: results from the randomized frequent hemodialysis network trials. Hemodial Int 2015;19(3):386–401. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12255Kotanko P, Garg AX, Depner T et al. Effects of frequent hemodialysis on blood pressure: results from the randomized frequent hemodialysis network trials. Hemodial Int 2015;19(3):386–401. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12255Tade G, Hsu HC, Robinson C et al. The relative potential contribution of volume load and vascular mechanisms to hypertension in non-dialysis and dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024;11:1377887. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1377887Tade G, Hsu HC, Robinson C et al. The relative potential contribution of volume load and vascular mechanisms to hypertension in non-dialysis and dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024;11:1377887. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1377887Земченков АЮ, Герасимчук РП. Результаты перевода пациентов на четырехразовый гемодиализ. Нефрология и диализ 2019; 21(1): 32–39. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2019-1-32-39. Zemchenkov A, Gerasimchuk RP. The results of transfer to four times a week hemodialysis mode. Nephrologу and Dialуsis 2019; 21(1): 32–39. (in Russ.). doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2019-1-32-39Земченков АЮ, Герасимчук РП. Результаты перевода пациентов на четырехразовый гемодиализ. Нефрология и диализ 2019; 21(1): 32–39. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2019-1-32-39. Zemchenkov A, Gerasimchuk RP. The results of transfer to four times a week hemodialysis mode. Nephrologу and Dialуsis 2019; 21(1): 32–39. (in Russ.). doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2019-1-32-39Luyan G, Haixia Z, Sheng F et al. Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients Combined with Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis. Int J Clin Pract 2022;2022:2652380. doi: 10.1155/2022/2652380Luyan G, Haixia Z, Sheng F et al. Regression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients Combined with Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis. Int J Clin Pract 2022;2022:2652380. doi: 10.1155/2022/2652380Nagai K, Ueda A. Effect of proactive combination therapy with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on technique survival and mortality. J Artif Organs 2024 Mar 22. doi: 10.1007/s10047-02401437-z. Epub ahead of printNagai K, Ueda A. Effect of proactive combination therapy with peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on technique survival and mortality. J Artif Organs 2024 Mar 22. doi: 10.1007/s10047-02401437-z. Epub ahead of printLoutradis C, Sarafidis PA, Ferro CJ, Zoccali C. Volume overload in hemodialysis: diagnosis, cardiovascular consequences, and management. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021;36(12):2182– 2193. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa182Loutradis C, Sarafidis PA, Ferro CJ, Zoccali C. Volume overload in hemodialysis: diagnosis, cardiovascular consequences, and management. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021;36(12):2182– 2193. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa182Perez LM, Biruete A, Wilund KR. Home-delivered meals as an adjuvant to improve volume overload and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis. Clin Kidney J 2022;15(10):1829–1837. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfac102Perez LM, Biruete A, Wilund KR. Home-delivered meals as an adjuvant to improve volume overload and clinical outcomes in hemodialysis. Clin Kidney J 2022;15(10):1829–1837. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfac102Lambert K, Mullan J, Mansfield K. An integrative review of the methodology and findings regarding dietary adherence in end stage kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2017;18(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12882-017-0734-zLambert K, Mullan J, Mansfield K. An integrative review of the methodology and findings regarding dietary adherence in end stage kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2017;18(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12882-017-0734-zCharkviani M, Thongprayoon C, Tangpanithandee S et al. Effects of Mediterranean Diet, DASH Diet, and Plant-Based Diet on Outcomes among End Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Pract 2022;13(1):41–51. doi: 10.3390/clinpract13010004Charkviani M, Thongprayoon C, Tangpanithandee S et al. Effects of Mediterranean Diet, DASH Diet, and Plant-Based Diet on Outcomes among End Stage Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Pract 2022;13(1):41–51. doi: 10.3390/clinpract13010004Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации от 18 января 2012 г. № 17н «Об утверждении Порядка оказания медицинской помощи взрослому населению по профилю "нефрология"» (In Russ.)Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития Российской Федерации от 18 января 2012 г. № 17н «Об утверждении Порядка оказания медицинской помощи взрослому населению по профилю "нефрология"» (In Russ.)Hattori K, Sakaguchi Y, Kajimoto S et al. Intradialytic hypotension and objectively measured physical activity among patients on hemodialysis. J Nephrol 2022;35(5):1409–1418. doi: 10.1007/s40620-021-01222-8Hattori K, Sakaguchi Y, Kajimoto S et al. Intradialytic hypotension and objectively measured physical activity among patients on hemodialysis. J Nephrol 2022;35(5):1409–1418. doi: 10.1007/s40620-021-01222-8Iatridi F, Theodorakopoulou MP, Papagianni A, Sarafidis P. Management of intradialytic hypertension: current evidence and future perspectives. J Hypertens 2022;40(11):2120–2129. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003247Iatridi F, Theodorakopoulou MP, Papagianni A, Sarafidis P. Management of intradialytic hypertension: current evidence and future perspectives. J Hypertens 2022;40(11):2120–2129. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003247Flythe JE, Chang TI, Gallagher MP, Lindley E, Madero M, Sarafidis PA, Unruh ML, Wang AY, Weiner DE, Cheung M, Jadoul M, Winkelmayer WC, Polkinghorne KR; Conference Participants. Blood pressure and volume management in dialysis: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2020;97(5):861–876. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.046Flythe JE, Chang TI, Gallagher MP, Lindley E, Madero M, Sarafidis PA, Unruh ML, Wang AY, Weiner DE, Cheung M, Jadoul M, Winkelmayer WC, Polkinghorne KR; Conference Participants. Blood pressure and volume management in dialysis: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2020;97(5):861–876. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.046Клинические рекомендации. Хроническая болезнь почек (ХБП). Нефрология 2021;25(5):10–82Clinical recommendations. Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 2021;25(5):10–82. (In Russ.)N Ngankem LSQ, Larizza C, Nocera A, Rombolà G, Quaglini S, Bellazzi R, Costantino ML, Casagrande G. A comparative study of the definitions of intradialytic hypotension correlated with increased mortality to identify universal predictors. Int J Med Inform 2023;173:104975. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104975N Ngankem LSQ, Larizza C, Nocera A, Rombolà G, Quaglini S, Bellazzi R, Costantino ML, Casagrande G. A comparative study of the definitions of intradialytic hypotension correlated with increased mortality to identify universal predictors. Int J Med Inform 2023;173:104975. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104975Lee H, Moon SJ, Kim SW, Min JW, Park HS, Yoon HE, Kim YS, Kim HW, Yang CW, Chung S, Koh ES, Chung BH. Prediction of intradialytic hypotension using pre-dialysis features-a deep learning-based artificial intelligence model. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38(10):2310–2320. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad064Lee H, Moon SJ, Kim SW, Min JW, Park HS, Yoon HE, Kim YS, Kim HW, Yang CW, Chung S, Koh ES, Chung BH. Prediction of intradialytic hypotension using pre-dialysis features-a deep learning-based artificial intelligence model. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38(10):2310–2320. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad064Álvarez-Nadal M, Martín-Capón I, Viera-Ramírez ER, Fernández-Lucas M. Impact of dialysate sodium concentration on vascular refilling. Hemodial Int 2022;26(1):30–37. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12957Álvarez-Nadal M, Martín-Capón I, Viera-Ramírez ER, Fernández-Lucas M. Impact of dialysate sodium concentration on vascular refilling. Hemodial Int 2022;26(1):30–37. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12957Wang CH, Negoianu D, Zhang H, Casper S, Hsu JY, Kotanko P, Raimann J, Dember LM. Dynamics of Plasma Refill Rate and Intradialytic Hypotension During Hemodialysis: Retrospective Cohort Study With Causal Methodology. Kidney360 2023;4(4):e505–e514. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000082Wang CH, Negoianu D, Zhang H, Casper S, Hsu JY, Kotanko P, Raimann J, Dember LM. Dynamics of Plasma Refill Rate and Intradialytic Hypotension During Hemodialysis: Retrospective Cohort Study With Causal Methodology. Kidney360 2023;4(4):e505–e514. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000082Flythe JE, Kimmel SE, Brunelli SM. Rapid fluid removal during dialysis is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Kidney Int 2011;79(2):250–257. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.383Flythe JE, Kimmel SE, Brunelli SM. Rapid fluid removal during dialysis is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Kidney Int 2011;79(2):250–257. doi: 10.1038/ki.2010.383Assimon MM, Wenger JB, Wang L, Flythe JE. Ultrafiltration Rate and Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2016;68(6):911–922. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.020Assimon MM, Wenger JB, Wang L, Flythe JE. Ultrafiltration Rate and Mortality in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2016;68(6):911–922. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.06.020McIntyre CW, Burton JO, Selby NM et al. Hemodialysisinduced cardiac dysfunction is associated with an acute reduction in global and segmental myocardial blood flow. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3(1):19–26. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03170707McIntyre CW, Burton JO, Selby NM et al. Hemodialysisinduced cardiac dysfunction is associated with an acute reduction in global and segmental myocardial blood flow. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008;3(1):19–26. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03170707Verrelli D, Sharma A, Alexiuk J et al. Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kidney360 2024;5(3):390–413. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000361Verrelli D, Sharma A, Alexiuk J et al. Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Kidney360 2024;5(3):390–413. doi: 10.34067/KID.0000000000000361Hull KL, McIntyre C, Burton JO. Does cooled dialysate still have a role in reducing intradialytic stress? Implications of the MyTEMP trial. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023;32(6):537–543. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000917Hull KL, McIntyre C, Burton JO. Does cooled dialysate still have a role in reducing intradialytic stress? Implications of the MyTEMP trial. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2023;32(6):537–543. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000917Eriguchi M, Tsuruya K, Lopes M, Bieber B, McCullough K, Pecoits-Filho R, Robinson B, Pisoni R, Kanda E, Iseki K, Hirakata H. Routinely measured cardiac troponin I and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as predictors of mortality in haemodialysis patients. ESC Heart Fail 2022;9(2):1138–1151. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13784Eriguchi M, Tsuruya K, Lopes M, Bieber B, McCullough K, Pecoits-Filho R, Robinson B, Pisoni R, Kanda E, Iseki K, Hirakata H. Routinely measured cardiac troponin I and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as predictors of mortality in haemodialysis patients. ESC Heart Fail 2022;9(2):1138–1151. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13784Wolfgram DF, Novotny J, Goodman MJ et al. Risk factors for intradialytic decline in cerebral perfusion and impaired cerebral autoregulation in adults on hemodialysis. Hemodial Int 2022;26(1):48–56. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12974Wolfgram DF, Novotny J, Goodman MJ et al. Risk factors for intradialytic decline in cerebral perfusion and impaired cerebral autoregulation in adults on hemodialysis. Hemodial Int 2022;26(1):48–56. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12974Seong EY, Zheng Y, Winkelmayer WC et al. The relationship between intradialytic hypotension and hospitalized mesenteric ischemia: a case-control study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018;13:1517–1525. doi: 10.2215/CJN.13891217Seong EY, Zheng Y, Winkelmayer WC et al. The relationship between intradialytic hypotension and hospitalized mesenteric ischemia: a case-control study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018;13:1517–1525. doi: 10.2215/CJN.13891217Seong EY, Liu S, Song SH et al. Intradialytic Hypotension and Newly Recognized Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2021;77(5):730–738. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.012Seong EY, Liu S, Song SH et al. Intradialytic Hypotension and Newly Recognized Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2021;77(5):730–738. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.10.012Canaud B, Kooman JP, Selby NM et al. Hidden risks associated with conventional short intermittent hemodialysis: A call for action to mitigate cardiovascular risk and morbidity. World J Nephrol 2022;11(2):39–57. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v11.i2.39Canaud B, Kooman JP, Selby NM et al. Hidden risks associated with conventional short intermittent hemodialysis: A call for action to mitigate cardiovascular risk and morbidity. World J Nephrol 2022;11(2):39–57. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v11.i2.39Zheng CM, Chiu YP, Hou YC et al. Influence of intradialytic systolic blood pressure changes on arteriovenous access thrombosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75(3):e13799. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13799Zheng CM, Chiu YP, Hou YC et al. Influence of intradialytic systolic blood pressure changes on arteriovenous access thrombosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75(3):e13799. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.13799Lee YJ, Okuda Y, Sy J et al. Ultrafiltration Rate, Residual Kidney Function, and Survival Among Patients Treated With Reduced-Frequency Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2020;75(3):342–350. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.08.019Lee YJ, Okuda Y, Sy J et al. Ultrafiltration Rate, Residual Kidney Function, and Survival Among Patients Treated With Reduced Frequency Hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2020;75(3):342–350. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.08.019Weiner DE, Brunelli SM, Hunt A et al. Improving clinical outcomes among hemodialysis patients: a proposal for a "volume first" approach from the chief medical officers of US dialysis providers. Am J Kidney Dis 2014;64:685–695. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.07.003Weiner DE, Brunelli SM, Hunt A et al. Improving clinical outcomes among hemodialysis patients: a proposal for a "volume first" approach from the chief medical officers of US dialysis providers. Am J Kidney Dis 2014;64:685–695. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.07.003Blum D, Beaubien-Souligny W, Silver SA, Wald R. Thinking Volume First: Developing a Multifaceted Systematic Approach to Volume Management in Hemodialysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2019;6:2054358119879776. doi: 10.1177/2054358119879776Blum D, Beaubien-Souligny W, Silver SA, Wald R. Thinking Volume First: Developing a Multifaceted Systematic Approach to Volume Management in Hemodialysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2019;6:2054358119879776. doi: 10.1177/2054358119879776Horowitz L, Karadjian O, Braam B et al. Bioimpedance-Guided Monitoring of Volume Status in Patients With Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023;10:20543581231185433. doi: 10.1177/20543581231185433Horowitz L, Karadjian O, Braam B et al. Bioimpedance-Guided Monitoring of Volume Status in Patients With Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2023;10:20543581231185433. doi: 10.1177/20543581231185433Yang K, Pan S, Yang N et al. Effect of bioelectrical impedance technology on the prognosis of dialysis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ren Fail 2023;45(1):2203247. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2203247Yang K, Pan S, Yang N et al. Effect of bioelectrical impedance technology on the prognosis of dialysis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ren Fail 2023;45(1):2203247. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2203247Reddan DN, Szczech LA, Hasselblad V et al. Intradialytic blood volume monitoring in ambulatory hemodialysis patients: a randomized trial.J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16(7):2162–2169. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004121053Reddan DN, Szczech LA, Hasselblad V et al. Intradialytic blood volume monitoring in ambulatory hemodialysis patients: a randomized trial.J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16(7):2162–2169. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2004121053Keane DF, Baxter P, Lindley E et al. Time to Reconsider the Role of Relative Blood Volume Monitoring for Fluid Management in Hemodialysis. ASAIO J 2018;64(6):812–818. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000000795Keane DF, Baxter P, Lindley E et al. Time to Reconsider the Role of Relative Blood Volume Monitoring for Fluid Management in Hemodialysis. ASAIO J 2018;64(6):812–818. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000000795Loutradis C, Sarafidis PA, Ekart R et al. The effect of dry-weight reduction guided by lung ultrasound on ambulatory blood pressure in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int 2019;95(6):1505–1513. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.018Loutradis C, Sarafidis PA, Ekart R et al. The effect of dry-weight reduction guided by lung ultrasound on ambulatory blood pressure in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int 2019;95(6):1505–1513. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.018Loutradis C, Papadopoulos CE, Sachpekidis V et al. Lung Ultrasound-Guided Dry Weight Assessment and Echocardiographic Measures in Hypertensive Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2020;75(1):11–20. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.025Loutradis C, Papadopoulos CE, Sachpekidis V et al. Lung Ultrasound-Guided Dry Weight Assessment and Echocardiographic Measures in Hypertensive Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2020;75(1):11–20. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.07.025Вишневский КА, Герасимчук РП, Земченков АЮ. Коррекция «сухого веса» у больных, получающих лечение программным гемодиализом по результатам векторного анализа биоимпеданса. Нефрология 2014; 18(2):61–71Vishnevskii KA, Gerasimchuk RP, Zemchenkov AYu. «Dry weight» correction in hemodialysis patients based on the results of bioimpedance vector analysis. Nephrology 2014;18(2):61–71. (in Russ.)Zhang H, Wang LC, Chaudhuri S et al. Real-time prediction of intradialytic hypotension using machine learning and cloud computing infrastructure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38(7):1761– 1769. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad070Zhang H, Wang LC, Chaudhuri S et al. Real-time prediction of intradialytic hypotension using machine learning and cloud computing infrastructure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2023;38(7):1761– 1769. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfad070La Milia V, Ravasi C, Carfagna F et al. Sodium removal and plasma tonicity balance are not different in hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration using high-flux membranes. J Nephrol 2019;32(3):461–469. doi: 10.1007/s40620-018-00581-zLa Milia V, Ravasi C, Carfagna F et al. Sodium removal and plasma tonicity balance are not different in hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration using high-flux membranes. J Nephrol 2019;32(3):461–469. doi: 10.1007/s40620-018-00581-zManlucu J, Gallo K, Heidenheim PA, Lindsay RM. Lowering postdialysis plasma sodium (conductivity) to increase sodium removal in volume-expanded hemodialysis patients: a pilot study using a biofeedback software system. Am J Kidney Dis 2010;56(1):69–76. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.037Manlucu J, Gallo K, Heidenheim PA, Lindsay RM. Lowering postdialysis plasma sodium (conductivity) to increase sodium removal in volume-expanded hemodialysis patients: a pilot study using a biofeedback software system. Am J Kidney Dis 2010;56(1):69–76. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.037Akyol A, Akdag S, Asker M et al. Effects of lowered dialysate sodium on left ventricle function and brain natriuretic peptide in maintenance of hemodialysis patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016;36:128–134. doi: 10.1177/0960327116639362Akyol A, Akdag S, Asker M et al. Effects of lowered dialysate sodium on left ventricle function and brain natriuretic peptide in maintenance of hemodialysis patients. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016;36:128–134. doi: 10.1177/0960327116639362Liu J, Sun F, Ma LJ et al. Increasing dialysis sodium removal on arterial stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2016;26:38–44. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2015.08.005Liu J, Sun F, Ma LJ et al. Increasing dialysis sodium removal on arterial stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr 2016;26:38–44. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2015.08.005Gumrukcuoglu HA, Ari E, Akyol A et al. Effects of lowering dialysate sodium on carotid artery atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2012;44:1833–1839. doi: 10.1007/s11255-011-0117-5Gumrukcuoglu HA, Ari E, Akyol A et al. Effects of lowering dialysate sodium on carotid artery atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2012;44:1833–1839. doi: 10.1007/s11255-011-0117-5Aybal Kutlugun A, Erdem Y, Okutucu S et al. Effects of lowering dialysate sodium on flow-mediated dilatation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2011;26:3678–3682. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr092Aybal Kutlugun A, Erdem Y, Okutucu S et al. Effects of lowering dialysate sodium on flow-mediated dilatation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2011;26:3678–3682. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr092Tugman MJ, Narendra JH, Li Q et al. Ultrafiltrationprofiled hemodialysis to reduce dialysis-related cardiovascular stress: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019;15:100415. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100415Tugman MJ, Narendra JH, Li Q et al. Ultrafiltrationprofiled hemodialysis to reduce dialysis-related cardiovascular stress: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019;15:100415. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100415Davenport A. Why is Intradialytic Hypotension the Commonest Complication of Outpatient Dialysis Treatments? Kidney Int Rep 2022;8(3):405–418. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.031Davenport A. Why is Intradialytic Hypotension the Commonest Complication of Outpatient Dialysis Treatments? Kidney Int Rep 2022;8(3):405–418. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.10.031Flythe JE, Tugman MJ, Narendra JH et al. Effect of ultrafiltration profiling on outcomes among maintenance hemodialysis patients: a pilot randomized crossover trial. J Nephrol 2021;34(1):113–123. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00862-6Flythe JE, Tugman MJ, Narendra JH et al. Effect of ultrafiltration profiling on outcomes among maintenance hemodialysis patients: a pilot randomized crossover trial. J Nephrol 2021;34(1):113–123. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00862-6Dunlop JL, Vandal AC, Marshall MR. Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019;1(1):CD011204. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011204.pub2Dunlop JL, Vandal AC, Marshall MR. Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019;1(1):CD011204. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011204.pub2Bossola M, Mariani I, Sacco M et al. Interdialytic weight gain and low dialysate sodium concentration in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2024;56(7):2313–2323. doi: 10.1007/s11255024-03972-3Bossola M, Mariani I, Sacco M et al. Interdialytic weight gain and low dialysate sodium concentration in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2024;56(7):2313–2323. doi: 10.1007/s11255024-03972-3Сабодаш АБ, Салихова КА, Земченков ГА и др. Динамика артериальной гипертензии и выживаемость у пациентов на гемодиализе. Нефрология и диализ 2016; 18(4):416–430Sabodash AB, Salikhova KA, Zemchenkov GA et al. Arterial hypertension dynamics and survival in hemodialysis patients. Nephrology and Dialysis 2016; 18(4): 416–430. (in Russ.)Dekker M, Konings C, Canaud B et al. Pre-dialysis fluid status, pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure and outcome in prevalent haemodialysis patients: results of an international cohort study on behalf of the MONDO initiative. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018;33(11):2027–2034. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy095Dekker M, Konings C, Canaud B et al. Pre-dialysis fluid status, pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure and outcome in prevalent haemodialysis patients: results of an international cohort study on behalf of the MONDO initiative. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018;33(11):2027–2034. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy095Pinter J, Smyth B, Stuard S et al. Effect of Dialysate and Plasma Sodium on Mortality in a Global Historical Hemodialysis Cohort. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024;35(2):167–176. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000262Pinter J, Smyth B, Stuard S et al. Effect of Dialysate and Plasma Sodium on Mortality in a Global Historical Hemodialysis Cohort. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024;35(2):167–176. doi: 10.1681/ASN.0000000000000262Матвеева ДА. Герасимчук РП. Сабодаш АБ и др. Выбор уровня натрия в диализирующем растворе в достижении целей оптимального диализа: одноцентровое пилотное исследование. Нефрология и диализ 2020; 22(3):346–357. doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-2020-3-346-357Matveeva DA, Gerasimchuk RP, Sabodash A et al. The choice of sodium dialysate level in achieving of optimal hemodialysis targets: literature review and pilot study. Nephrology and Dialysis 2020;22(3):346–357. (In Russ.) doi: 10.28996/2618-9801-20203-346-357Kourtidou C, Georgianos PI, Vaios V, Liakopoulos V. Prescribing the optimal dialysate sodium concentration for managing hypertension and volume overload in hemodialysis: one size does not fit to all patients. J Hum Hypertens 2024;38(1):84–87. doi: 10.1038/s41371-023-00870-6Kourtidou C, Georgianos PI, Vaios V, Liakopoulos V. Prescribing the optimal dialysate sodium concentration for managing hypertension and volume overload in hemodialysis: one size does not fit to all patients. J Hum Hypertens 2024;38(1):84–87. doi: 10.1038/s41371-023-00870-6Zhang Z, Zheng L, Pan Y, Wang M. The impact of chronic pre-dialysis hyponatremia on clinical outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2022;54(12):3221–3232. doi: 10.1007/s11255-022-03241-1Zhang Z, Zheng L, Pan Y, Wang M. The impact of chronic pre-dialysis hyponatremia on clinical outcomes in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2022;54(12):3221–3232. doi: 10.1007/s11255-022-03241-1Chiang WF, Hsiao PJ, Wu KL, Chan JS. Association of predialysis serum sodium level with fluid status in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2020;52(8):1571–1579. doi: 10.1007/s11255-020-02521-yChiang WF, Hsiao PJ, Wu KL, Chan JS. Association of predialysis serum sodium level with fluid status in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2020;52(8):1571–1579. doi: 10.1007/s11255-020-02521-yMarshall MR, Vandal AC, de Zoysa JR et al. Effect of Low-Sodium versus Conventional Sodium Dialysate on Left Ventricular Mass in Home and Self-Care Satellite Facility Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;31(5):1078–1091. doi:10.1681/ASN.2019090877Marshall MR, Vandal AC, de Zoysa JR et al. Effect of Low-Sodium versus Conventional Sodium Dialysate on Left Ventricular Mass in Home and Self-Care Satellite Facility Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020;31(5):1078–1091. doi:10.1681/ASN.2019090877Raimann JG, Ficociello LH, Usvyat LA et al. Effects of dialysate to serum sodium (Na+) alignment in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients: retrospective cohort study from a quality improvement project. BMC Nephrol 2018;19(1):75. doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0870-0Raimann JG, Ficociello LH, Usvyat LA et al. Effects of dialysate to serum sodium (Na+) alignment in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients: retrospective cohort study from a quality improvement project. BMC Nephrol 2018;19(1):75. doi:10.1186/s12882-018-0870-0Ramaswamy K, Brahmbhatt Y, Xia J et al. Individualized dialysate sodium prescriptions using sodium gradients for high-risk hemodialysis patients lowered interdialytic weight gain and achieved target weights. Hemodial Int 2020;24(3):406–413. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12830Ramaswamy K, Brahmbhatt Y, Xia J et al. Individualized dialysate sodium prescriptions using sodium gradients for high-risk hemodialysis patients lowered interdialytic weight gain and achieved target weights. Hemodial Int 2020;24(3):406–413. doi: 10.1111/hdi.12830Radhakrishnan RC, Varughese S, Chandran A et al. Effects of Individualized Dialysate Sodium Prescription in Hemodialysis – Results from a Prospective Interventional Trial. Indian J Nephrol 2020;30(1):3–7. doi: 10.4103/ijn.IJN_391_18Radhakrishnan RC, Varughese S, Chandran A et al. Effects of Individualized Dialysate Sodium Prescription in Hemodialysis – Results from a Prospective Interventional Trial. Indian J Nephrol 2020;30(1):3–7. doi: 10.4103/ijn.IJN_391_18Liu Q, Zheng K, Wang H et al. Changes in serum sodium concentration during hemodialysis is a predictor of mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular event. Ren Fail 2024;46(1):2338483. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2338483Liu Q, Zheng K, Wang H et al. Changes in serum sodium concentration during hemodialysis is a predictor of mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular event. Ren Fail 2024;46(1):2338483. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2024.2338483Eftimovska-Otovikj N, Stojceva-Taneva O, Petkovikj N. Effects of Standard and Individualized Dialysate Sodium in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients Upon Echocardiography Parameters. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2022;43(2):123–133. doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2022-0025Eftimovska-Otovikj N, Stojceva-Taneva O, Petkovikj N. Effects of Standard and Individualized Dialysate Sodium in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients Upon Echocardiography Parameters. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2022;43(2):123–133. doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2022-0025Ságová M, Wojke R, Maierhofer A et al. Automated individualization of dialysate sodium concentration reduces intradialytic plasma sodium changes in hemodialysis. Artif Organs 2019;43(10):1002–1013. doi:10.1111/aor.13463Ságová M, Wojke R, Maierhofer A et al. Automated individualization of dialysate sodium concentration reduces intradialytic plasma sodium changes in hemodialysis. Artif Organs 2019;43(10):1002–1013. doi:10.1111/aor.13463Sheikh R, Hiremath S, Clark EG et al. Bias in the Determination of Dialysate Sodium Concentration Set According to Conductivity Relative to Indirect Ion-Selective Measurement Techniques. Kidney Int Rep 2020;5(6):931–934. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.001Sheikh R, Hiremath S, Clark EG et al. Bias in the Determination of Dialysate Sodium Concentration Set According to Conductivity Relative to Indirect Ion-Selective Measurement Techniques. Kidney Int Rep 2020;5(6):931–934. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.03.001Stragier A, Lopot F, Švára F, Polakovič V. Fallacies and Pitfalls of Dialysis Sodium Prescription and Control. Blood Purif 2018;46(1):27–33. doi: 10.1159/000484921Stragier A, Lopot F, Švára F, Polakovič V. Fallacies and Pitfalls of Dialysis Sodium Prescription and Control. Blood Purif 2018;46(1):27–33. doi: 10.1159/000484921Ng JK, Smyth B, Marshall MR et al. RESOLVE Steering Committee. Relationship between measured and prescribed dialysate sodium in haemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021;36(4):695–703. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa287Ng JK, Smyth B, Marshall MR et al. RESOLVE Steering Committee. Relationship between measured and prescribed dialysate sodium in haemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021;36(4):695–703. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa287Canaud B, Kooman J, Maierhofer A et al. Sodium First Approach, to Reset Our Mind for Improving Management of Sodium, Water, Volume and Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients, and to Reduce Cardiovascular Burden and Improve Outcomes. Front Nephrol 2022;2:935388. doi: 10.3389/fneph.2022.935388Canaud B, Kooman J, Maierhofer A et al. Sodium First Approach, to Reset Our Mind for Improving Management of Sodium, Water, Volume and Pressure in Hemodialysis Patients, and to Reduce Cardiovascular Burden and Improve Outcomes. Front Nephrol 2022;2:935388. doi: 10.3389/fneph.2022.935388
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.