КАРДИО-ВАСКУЛЯРНО-РЕНАЛЬНЫЕ СВЯЗИ В КАРДИОРЕНАЛЬНОМ КОНТИНУУМЕ
https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-1-11-19
Аннотация
Кардиоренальный синдром включает в себя широко известные взаимоотношения между функцией почек и болезнями сердечно-сосудистой системы. Во всем мире как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах, у большого числа пациентов имеется дисфункция сердца и почек различной степени выраженности. Причем, при поражении одной из систем оказывается заинтересованной и вторая. Подобная взаимосвязь отображает патогенез клинического состояния, именуемого кардиоренальный синдром. Для болезней почек и сердечно-сосудистой системы характерны схожие этиологические факторы риска. Причиной подавляющего большинства сосудистых событий служит прогрессирующий атеросклероз. Более того, сердечно-сосудистые события редко встречаются у пациентов при отсутствии лежащих в их основе болезней, напротив, в типичных случаях они являются результатом финальной стадии патологического процесса, который, при отсутствии контроля указанных факторов, приводит к прогрессирующему повреждению сосудов, включая поражение жизненно важных органов, в частности, почек и сердца. Хроническая болезнь почек является новейшим фактором риска, который, присоединяясь на определенном этапе, усиливает как повреждение сосудов, так и сердца.
Об авторах
Ж. А. Гарсиа-Донаире
Hypertension Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre
Испания
Испания
Jos´e A. Garc´ıa-Donaire
Avenida C´ordoba s/n, 28041 Madrid
Л. М. Руилопе
Hypertension Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre
Испания
Испания
Е. В. Воронкова
Россия
Перевод с английского
Список литературы
1. Hall JE, Brands MW, Shek EW. Central role of the kidney and abnormal fluid volume control in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 1996; 10(10): 633–639
2. Schrier RW, Abraham WT. Hormones and hemodynamics in heart failure. NEJM 1999; 341(8): 577–585
3. Brown JR, Cochran RP, Leavitt BJ, et al. Multivariable prediction of renal insufficiency developing after cardiac surgery. Circulation 2007; 116(11): I139–I143
4. Foley RN, Murray AM, Li S, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risk for cardiovascular disease, renal replacement, and death in the United States medicare population, 1998 to 1999. JASN 2005; 16(2): 489–495
5. Gruberg L, Weissman NJ, Waksman R, et al. Comparison of outcomes after percutaneous coronary revascularization with stents in patients with and without mild chronic renal insufficiency. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89(1): 54–57
6. Dzau VJ, Antman EM, Black HR, et al. The cardiovascular disease continuum validated: clinical evidence of improved patient outcomes: part II: clinical trial evidence (acute coronary syndromes through renal disease) and future directions. Circulation 2006; 114(25): 2871–2891
7. Ronco C, McCullough P, Anker SD, et al. Cardio-renal syndromes: report from the consensus conference of the acute dialysis quality initiative. Eur Heart J 2010; 31(6): 703–711
8. Ruilope LM, Kjeldsen SE, de la Sierra A, et al. The kidney and cardiovascular risk—implications for management: a consensus statement from the European Society of Hypertension. Blood Press 2007; 16(2): 72–79
9. Keane WF. Metabolic pathogenesis of cardiorenal disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38(6): 1372–1375
10. Ruggenenti P, Fassi A, Ilieva AP, et al. Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. NEJM 2004; 351(19): 1941–1951
11. Haller H, Viberti GC, Mimran A, et al. Preventing microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes: rationale and design of the Randomised Olmesartan and Diabetes Microalbuminuria Prevention (ROADMAP) study. J Hypertens 2006; 24(2): 403–408
12. Sjølie AK, Bilous R, Chaturvedi N, et al. The DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials (DIRECT) Programme: baseline characteristics. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2005; 6(1): 25–32
13. Julius S, Kjeldsen SE, Weber M, et al. Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363(9426): 2022–2031
14. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, et al. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Principal results of a randomised double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 875–886
15. Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Niskanen L, et al. Effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial. Lancet 1999; 353(9153): 611–616
16. Hansson L, Hedner T, Lund-Johansen P, et al. Randomised trial of effects of calcium antagonists compared with diuretics and β-blockers on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension: the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) study. Lancet 2000; 356(9227): 359–365
17. The ALLHAT officers and coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering treatment to prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981–2997
18. The ONTARGET/TRANSCEND investigators. Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of 2 large, simple, randomized trials evaluating telmisartan, ramipril, and their combination in high-risk patients: the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE-I-Intolerant Subjects with Cardiovascular Disease (ONTARGET/TRANSCEND) trials. Am Heart J 2004; 148: 52–61
19. Battershill AJ, Scott LJ. Telmisartan: a review of its use in the management of hypertension. Drugs 2006; 66(1): 51–83.
20. Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, et al. Effects of an angiotensinconverting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. NEJM 2000; 342: 145–153
21. Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. NEJM 2008; 358(15): 1547–1559
22. Julius S, Nesbitt SD, Egan BM, et al. Feasibility of treating prehypertension with an angiotensin-receptor blocker. NEJM 2006; 354(16): 1685–1697
23. Sever PS, Dahlof B, Poulter NR, et al. ASCOT investigators. The prevention of coronary events and stroke with atorvastatin in hypertensive subjects with average or below average cholesterol levels. The Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial: Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT:LLA) Lancet 2003; 361: 1149–1158
24. Jamerson K, Weber MA, Bakris GL, et al. Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. NEJM 2008; 359(23): 2417–2428
25. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289(19): 2560–2572
26. Mancia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension: The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) J Hypertens 2007; 25(6): 1105–1187
27. Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Culleton B, et al. Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17(7): 2034–2047
28. Hallan S, Asberg A, Lindberg M, Johnsen H. Validation of the modification of diet in renal disease formula for estimating GFR with special emphasis on calibration of the serum creatinine assay. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44(1): 84–93
29. Moe S, Drueke T, Cunningham J, et al. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2005; 67: 2089–2100
30. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16(1):31–41
31. Ruilope LM, Zanchetti A, Julius S et al. Prediction of cardiovascular outcome by estimated glomerular filtration rate and estimated creatinine clearance in the high-risk hypertension population of the VALUE trial. J Hypertens 2007; 25(7): 1473–1479
32. Shlipak MG, Katz R, Sarnak MJ, et al. Cystatin C and prognosis for cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in elderly persons without chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145(4): 237–246
33. Parving HH. Initiation and progression of diabetic nephropathy. NEJM 1996; 335(22): 1682–1683
34. Gall MA, Hougaard P, Borch-Johnsen K, Parving HH. Risk factors for development of incipient and overt diabetic nephropathy in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: prospective, observational study. BMJ 1997; 314(7083): 783–788
35. Redon J, Williams B. Microalbuminuria in essential hypertension: redefining the threshold. J Hypertens 2002; 20(3): 353–355
36. Hillege HL, Fidler V, Diercks GFH, et al. Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population. Circulation 2002; 106(14): 1777–1782
37. Ärnlöv J, Evans JC, Meigs JB, et al. Low-grade albuminuria and incidence of cardiovascular disease events in nonhypertensive and nondiabetic individuals: the framingham heart study. Circulation 2005; 112(7): 969–975
38. Damsgaard EM, Froland A, Jorgensen OD, Mogensen CE. Microalbuminuria as predictor of increased mortality in elderly people. BMJ 1990; 300(6720): 297–300
39. Gerstein HC, Mann JFE, Yi Q, et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA 2001; 286(4): 421–426
40. Agewall S, Wikstrand J, Ljungman S, Fagerberg B. Usefulness of microalbuminuria in predicting cardiovascular mortality in treated hypertensive men with and without diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80(2): 164–169
41. Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Microalbuminuria and chronic kidney disease as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21(9): 2366–2374
42. Segura J, Ruilope LM. Minor abnormalities of renal function: a situation requiring integrated management of cardiovascular risk. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005; 19(4): 429–437
43. Elsayed EF, Tighiouart H, Griffith J, et al. Cardiovascular disease and subsequent kidney disease. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167(11): 1130–1136
44. Ruilope LM, Lahera V, Rodicio JL, Romero JC. Are renal hemodynamics a key factor in the development and maintenance of arterial hypertension in humans? Hypertension 1994; 23(1): 3–9
45. Vlagopoulos PT, Tighiouart H, Weiner DE, et al. Anemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: the impact of chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16(11): 3403–3410
46. Moe SM. Vascular calcification and renal osteodystrophy relationship in chronic kidney disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36(2): 51–62
47. Segura J, Campo C, Ruilope LM. How relevant and frequent is the presence of mild renal insufficiency in essential hypertension? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2002; 4(5): 332–336
48. Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Amin MG, et al. Chronic kidney disease as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of community-based studies. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15(5): 1307–1315
49. Segura J, Campo C, Gil P, et al. Development of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular prognosis in essential hypertensive patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15(6): 1616–1622
50. Ruilope LM. The kidney as a sensor of cardiovascular risk in essential hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13(3): S165–S168
51. Schiffrin EL, Lipman ML, Mann JFE. Chronic kidney disease: effects on the cardiovascular system. Circulation 2007; 116(1): 85–97
52. Tucker B, Fabbian F, Giles M, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplan. 1997; 12(4): 724–728
53. Wachtell K, Olsen MH, Dahlöf B, et al. Microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens 2002; 20(3): 405–412
54. Klausen K, Borch-Johnsen K, Feldt-Rasmussen B, et al. Very low levels of microalbuminuria are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and death independently of renal function, hypertension, and diabetes. Circulation 2004; 110(1): 32–35
55. Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. NEJM 2001; 345(12): 861–869
56. Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. NEJM 2001; 345(12): 851–860
57. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study investigators. Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus: results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy. Lancet 2000; 355: 253–259
58. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Brochner-Mortensen J, et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. NEJM 2001; 345(12): 870–878
59. Feringa HHH, Karagiannis SE, Chonchol M, et al. Lower progression rate of end-stage renal disease in patients with peripheral arterial disease using statins or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18(6): 1872–1879
60. Jafar TH, Stark PC, Schmid CH et al. Progression of chronic kidney disease: the role of blood pressure control, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. A patient-level meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2003; 139(4): 244–I36
61. Ruilope LM, Alcazar JM, Hernandez E et al. Long-term influences of antihypertensive therapy on microalbuminuria in essential hypertension. Kidney Int 1994; [suppl 45]: S171–S173
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Гарсиа-Донаире Ж.А., Руилопе Л.М., Воронкова Е.В. КАРДИО-ВАСКУЛЯРНО-РЕНАЛЬНЫЕ СВЯЗИ В КАРДИОРЕНАЛЬНОМ КОНТИНУУМЕ. Нефрология. 2013;17(1):11-19. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-1-11-19
For citation:
García-Donaire J.A., Ruilope L.M., Voronkova E.B. CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL LINKS ALONG THE CARDIORENAL CONTINUUM. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2013;17(1):11-19. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2013-17-1-11-19
Просмотров:
449
Послать статью по эл. почте 