AUTOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES: GENERAL IDEA, DEVELOPMENT MECHANISMS, CLINICAL PRESENTATION, TREATMENT

During last years in medical literature appeared new term “systemic autoinflammatory diseases”. In contrast to autoimmune diseases in autoinflammatory diseases initiation the main role belongs not to mechanisms associated with antigen-induced synthesis of antibodies or T-cells activation but allelically determined reactions of immunity and inflammatory. The group of autoinflammatory diseases includes familiar periodic fevers (Mediterranian fever, Muckle–Wells syndrome etc.) which most frequent complication is recurrent AA-amyloidosis. DNA testing showed that the most important mechanism of autoinflammation is neutrophilic inflammation associated with interleukin-1 hyper production. The main releaser of neutrophilic inflmmation is development of macromolecular complex – NLRP3 inflammasome which is very important in inflammation initiation not only at familiar periodic fevers but also at a number of widespread inflammatory diseases (gout, COPD etc.). In this regard NLRP3 inflammasome can be considered as one of universal mechanisms of neutrophilic inflammation. Chronic inflammatory diseases make persistant background and promote activation of immune reactions with possible development of classical autoimmune diseases that presented clinical studies demonstrate.

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