Острое повреждение почек: концептуальные проблемы
Аннотация
Термин «острое повреждение почек» (ОПП) пришел на смену старому термину «острая почечная недостаточность» (ОПН). Данная замена продиктована рядом мотивов, в том числе попыткой унифицировать критерии диагностики и стратификации тяжести острого поражения/дисфункции почек. Рассмотрены преимущества и недостатки современных классификационных схем ОПП. Однако они отражают не только «повреждение», но и «недостаточность» органа. Среди перспективных подходов, позволяющих оптимизировать классификацию, обсуждается выделение стадии (или дополнения I стадии ОПП) преходящим выявлением биомаркеров ОПП, использование при стратификации тяжести данного состояния не относительных, а абсолютных изменений концентрации сывороточного креатинина (Scr), отказ от критериев, основанных на изменениях объема мочи. Вопросы классификации ОПП актуальны, так как данное состояние широко распространено, остается важной причиной формирования и/или прогрессирования хронической болезни почек, считается важным детерминантом кардиоваскулярного риска.
Ключевые слова
Об авторах
А. В. Смирнов
Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Россия
Россия
И. Г. Каюков
Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Россия
Россия
В. А. Добронравов
Научно-исследовательский институт нефрологии; Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Россия
Россия
А. Ш. Румянцев
Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова
Россия
Россия
Список литературы
1. Srisawat N, Hoste EE, Kellum JA. Modern classification of acute kidney injury. Blood Purif 2010;29(3):300-307
2. Bywaters EGL, Beall D. Crush injuries and renal function. BMJ 1941;i:427-432
3. Rihal CS, Textor SC, Grill DE, Berger PB et al. Incidence and prognostic importance of acute renal failure after percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation 2002;105(19):2259-2264
4. Chertow GM, Burdick E, Honour M, Bonventre JV, Bates DW: Acute kidney injury, mortality, length of stay, and costs in hospitalized patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005;16:3365-3370
5. Lassnigg A, Schmidlin D, Mouhieddine M, Bachmann LM, Druml W, Bauer P, Hiesmayr M: Minimal changes of serum creatinine predict prognosis in patients after cardiothoracic surgery: a prospective cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004;15:1597-1660
6. Bellomo R, Ronco C, Kellum JA, Mehta RL, Palevsky P, Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative workgroup. Acute renal failure -definition, outcome measures, animal models, fluid therapy and information technology needs: the Second International Consensus Conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) Group. Crit Care 2004;8:R204-R212
7. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Suppl 2012; 2(1) www.kdigo.org/clinical_prac-tice_guidelines
8. Murugan R, Kellum JA. Acute kidney injury: what’s the prognosis? Nat Rev Nephrol 2011; 7(4):209-217
9. Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, Molitoris BA, Ronco C, Warnock DG, et al: Acute Kidney Injury Network. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care 2007; 11: R31
10. Смирнов АВ. Хроническая болезнь или хроническое заболевание почек? Нефрология 2004; 8 (1): 101-102
11. Смирнов АВ, Есаян AM, Каюков ИГ. Хроническая болезнь почек: на пути к единству представлений. Нефрология 2002; 6(4): 11-17
12. Смирнов АВ, Каюков ИГ, Добронравов ВА, Кучер АГ. Острое повреждение почек и острая почечная недостаточность: некоторые уроки международных инициатив. Нефрология 2008; 12 (3): 7-12
13. Waikar SS, Liu KD, Chertow GM. Diagnosis, epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 3(3):844-861
14. Hoste EA, Clermont G, Kersten A, Venkataraman R, Angus DC, De Bacquer D, Kellum JA. RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis. Crit Care 2006;10(3): R73
15. Bouman C, Kellum JA, Lamiere N, Levin N. Definition of acute renal failure. Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative. 2nd International Consensus Conference, 2002;
16. National Kidney Foundation KD: Clinical practice guidelines for chronic Kidney disease: Evaluation, classification and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39 [Suppl 1]: S1-S266
17. Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y et al. Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2005; 67(6): 2089-20100;
18. Melnikov VY, Molitoris BA. Improvements in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2008; 19(4):537-544
19. Смирнов АВ, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ и др. Проблема оценки скорости клубочковой фильтрации в современной нефрологии: новый индикатор - цистатин С. Нефрология 2005; 9(3): 16-27
20. Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ и др. Эпидемиология и социально_экономические аспекты хронической болезни почек. Нефрология 2006; 10(1): 7-13
21. Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ. Кардиоренальный континуум: патогенетические основы превентивной нефрологии. Нефрология 2005; 9(3): 7-15
22. Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ, Есаян АМ. Хроническая болезнь почек: дальнейшее развитие концепции и классификации. Нефрология 2007; 11(4): 7-17
23. Наточин ЮВ, Кутина АВ. Новый подход к интегративной функциональной характеристике почек при разных типах диуреза. Нефрология 2009; 13(3): 19-23
24. Macedo E, Bouchard J, Soroko SH et al. Fluid accumulation, recognition and staging of acute kidney injury in critically-ill patients. Crit Care 2010;14(3):R82. doi: 10.1186/cc9004
25. Bouchard J, Macedo E, Soroko S et al. Comparison of methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010; 25(1): 102-107
26. Jelliffe R. Estimation of creatinine clearance in patients with unstable renal function, without a urine specimen. Am J Nephrol 2002;22:320-324
27. Jelliffe R, Jelliffe S. A computer program for estimation of creatinine clearance from unstable serum creatinine levels, age, sex, and weight. Math Biosci 1972;14:17-24
28. Каюков ИГ, Смирнов АВ, Эмануэль ВЛ. Цистатин С в современной медицине. Нефрология 2012;16(1):22-39
29. Vanholder R, Massy Z, Argiles A et al. Chronic kidney disease as cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20(6):1048-1056
30. Levey AS, de Jong PE, Coresh J et al. The definition, classification and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: a KDIGO Controversies Conference report. Kidney Int 2010; http:/www. kidney-international.org
31. Devarajan P. Emerging urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Expert Opin Med Diagn 2008; 2(4): 387-398
32. Palevsky PM, Liu KD, Brophy PD, Chawla LS, Parikh CR, Thakar CV, Tolwani AJ, Waikar SS, Weisbord SD. KDOQI US commentary on the 2012 KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis 2013;61(5):649-672
33. Clarkson MR, Fridewald JJ, Eustace JA, Rabb H. Acute kidney injury. In: Brenner BM, ed. The kidney, 8th edition. Saunders Elseiver, Philadelphia e.a., 2008; 943-986
34. Barrantes F, Tian J, Vazquez R, Amoateng-Adjepong Y, Manthous CA.Acute kidney injury criteria predict outcomes of critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2008;36(5):1397-1403
35. Bagshaw SM, George C, Bellomo R; ANZICS Database Management Committe. A comparison of the RIFLE and AKIN criteria for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23(5):1569-1574
36. Waikar SS, Bonventre JV. Creatinine kinetics and the definition of acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20(3):672-679
37. Смирнов АВ, Каюков ИГ, Дегтерева ОА и др. Проблемы диагностики и стратификации тяжести острого повреждения почек. Нефрология 2009; 13(3): 9-18
38. Libório AB, Macedo E, Bayas de Queiroz RE et al. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes or creatinine kinetics criteria in acute kidney injury: a proof of concept study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013 ;28(11):2779-2787
39. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guidenline for Acute Kidney Injury. Online Appendices. A-F. March 2012; www.kdigo.org/clini-cal_practice_guidelines..
40. Case J, Khan S, Khalid R, Khan A. Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Res Pract 2013;2013:479730. doi: 10.1155/2013/479730. Epub 2013 Mar 21
41. Hsu CY, McCulloch CE, Fan D, et al. Community-based incidence of acute renal failure. Kidney Int 2007; 72: 208-212
42. Ali T, Khan I, Simpson W, et al. Incidence and outcomes in acute kidney injury: a comprehensive population-based study. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18: 1292-1298
43. Metcalfe W, Simpson M, Khan IH, et al. Acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy: incidence and outcome. QJM 2002; 95: 579-583
44. Prescott GJ, Metcalfe W, Baharani J, et al. A prospective national study of acute renal failure treated with RRT: incidence, aetiology and outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2007; 22: 25132519
45. Liano F, Pascual J. Epidemiology of acute renal failure: a prospective, multicenter, community-basedstudy. Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int 1996; 50: 811-818
46. Sever MS, Vanholder R, Lameire N. Management of crush-related injuries after disasters. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 1052-1063
47. Cerda J, Bagga A, Kher V, et al. The contrasting characteristics of acute kidney injury in developed and developing countries. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2008; 4: 138-153;
48. Jha V, Parameswaran S. Community-acquired acute kidney injury in tropical countries. Nat Rev Nephrol 2013 Mar 5. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2013.36. [Epub ahead of print]
49. Singbartl K, Kellum JA. AKI in the ICU: definition, epidemiology, risk stratification, and outcomes. Kidney Int 2012; 81:819-825
50. Ricci Z, Ronco C. New insights in acute kidney failure in the critically ill. Swiss Med Wkly 2012;142:w13662. Published 14 August 2012, doi:10.4414/smw.2012.13662
51. Piccinni P, Cruz DN, Gramaticopolo S, Garzotto F, Dal Santo M, Aneloni G, et al; NEFROINT investigators. Prospective multicenter study on epidemiology of acute kidney injury in the ICU: a critical care nephrology Italian collaborative effort (NEFROINT). Minerva Anestesiol 2011;77:1072-1083].
52. Waikar SS, Curhan GC, Wald R, et al. Declining mortality in patients with acute renal failure, 1988 to2002. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 1143-1150
53. Hou SH, Bushinsky DA, Wish JB, et al. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency: a prospective study. Am J Med 1983; 74: 243-248
54. Nash K, Hafeez A, Hou S. Hospital-acquired renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis 2002; 39: 930-936
55. Khan IH, Catto GR, Edward N, et al. Acute renal failure: factors influencing nephrology referral and outcome. QJM 1997; 90: 781-785;
56. Liano F, Junco E, Pascual J, et al. The spectrum of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit compared with that seen in other settings. The Madrid Acute Renal Failure Study Group. Kidney Int Suppl 1998; 66: S16-24
57. Liangos O, Wald R, O’Bell JW et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of acute renal failure in hospitalized patients: a national survey. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 1: 43-51
58. Xue JL, Daniels F, Star RA, et al. Incidence and mortality of acute renal failure in Medicare beneficiaries, 1992 to 2001. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 1135-1142
59. Joannidis M, Metnitz PG. Epidemiology and natural history of acute renal failure in the ICU. Crit Care Clin 2005; 21: 239-249
60. Uchino S, Kellum JA, Bellomo R, et al. Acute renal failure in critically ill patients: a multinational, multicenter study. JAMA 2005; 294: 813-818
61. Ostermann M, Chang RW. Acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit according to RIFLE. Crit Care Med 2007; 35: 1837-1843; quiz 1852
62. Cruz DN, Bolgan I, Perazella MA et al. North East Italian Prospective Hospital Renal Outcome Survey on Acute Kidney Injury (NEiPHROS-AKI): targeting the problem with the RIFLE Criteria. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 2: 418-425
63. Lameire N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. The changing epidemiology of acute renal failure. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2006; 2: 364-377
64. Mandelbaum T, Scott DJ, Lee J et al. Outcome of critically ill patients with acute kidney injury using the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. Crit Care Med 2011;39, article 2659
65. Samimagham HR, Kheirkhah S, Haghighi A, Najmi Z. Acute kidney injury in intensive care unit: incidence, risk factors and mortality rate. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant 2011;22(3):464-470
66. Lerolle N, Guérot E, Faisy C, Bornstain C, Diehl JL, Fagon JY Renal failure in septic shock: predictive value of Doppler-based renal arterial resistive index. Intensive Care Med 2006;32(10):1553-1559
67. Coca SG, Bauling P, Schifftner T, Howard CS, Teitelbaum I, Parikh CR. Contribution of acute kidney injury toward morbidity and mortality in burns: a contemporary analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2007;49(4):517-523
68. Palmieri T, Lavrentieva A, Greenhalgh DG. Acute kidney injury in critically ill burn patients. Risk factors, progression and impact on mortality. Burns 2010;36(2):205-211
69. Gomes E, Antunes R, Dias C, Araújo R, Costa-Pereira A. Acute kidney injury in severe trauma assessed by RIFLE criteria: a common feature without implications on mortality? Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2010;18, article 1
70. Rashid AH, Brieva JL, Stokes B. Incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in intensive care patients undergoing computerised tomography and prevalence of risk factors. Anaesth Intensive Care 2009;37(6):968-975
71. Lakhal K, Ehrmann S, Chaari A et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network definition of contrast-induced nephropathy in the critically ill: incidence and outcome. J Crit Care 2011;26:593-599
72. Mariscalco G, Nicolini F, Scannapieco A et al. Acute kidney injury after composite valve-graft replacement for ascending aorta aneurysms. Heart Vessels 2013; 28(2):229-236
73. Roh GU, Lee JW, Nam SB et al. Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury after thoracic aortic surgery for acute dissection. Ann Thorac Surg 2012;94:766-771
74. Englberger L, Suri RM, Li Z et al. Clinical accuracy of RIFLE and Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria for acute kidney injury in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Crit Care. 2011;15(1, article no. R16)
75. Machado MDN, Miranda RC, Takakura IT et al. Acute kidney injury after on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 2009;93(3):230-252
76. Abosaif NY, Tolba YA, Heap M, et al. The outcome of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit according to RIFLE: model application, sensitivity, and predictability. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 46: 1038-1048
77. Ricci Z, Cruz D, Ronco C. The RIFLE criteria and mortality in acute kidney injury: A systematic review. Kidney Int 2008; 73: 538-546
78. Shiao CC, Ko WJ, Wu VC et al. U-curve association between timing of renal replacement therapy initiation and inhospital mortality in postoperative acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2012;7(8):e42952.doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042952
79. Desegher A, Reynvoet E, Blot S, et al. Outcome of patients treated with renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury. Critical Care 2006; 10 (Suppl 1): P296
80. Ympa YP, Sakr X ,Reinhart K, et al. Has mortality from acute renal failure decreased? A systematic review of the literature. Am J Med 2005; 118: 827-832
81. Hobson CE, Yavas S, Segal MS, et al. Acute kidney injury is associated with increased long-term mortality after cardiothoracic surgery. Circulation 2009; 119: 2444-2453
82. Coca SG, Yusuf B, Shlipak MG, et al. Long-term risk of mortality and other adverse outcomes after acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2009; 53: 961-973
83. Macedo E, Bouchard J, Mehta RL. Renal recovery following acute kidney injury. Curr Opin Crit Care 2008; 14: 660-665
84. Golestaneh L, Melamed ML, Hostetter TH. Uremic memory: the role of acute kidney injury in long-term outcomes. Kidney Int 2009; 76: 813-814
85. Wald R, Quinn RR, Luo J et al. Chronic dialysis and death among survivors of acute kidney injury requiring dialysis. JAMA 2009; 302: 1179-1185
86. Jones J, Holmen J, De Graauw J et al. Association of complete recovery from acute kidney injury with incident CKD stage 3 and all-cause mortality. Am J Kidney Dis 2012; 60(3):402-408
87. Chertow GM, Christiansen CL, Cleary PD, Munro C, Lazarus JM. Prognostic stratification in critically ill patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis. Arch Intern Med 1995;155:1505-1511
88. McCarthy JT Prognosis of patients with acute renal failure in the intensive-care unit: a tale of two eras. Mayo Clin Proc 1996;71(2):117-126
89. Korkeila M, Ruokonen E, Takala J. Costs of care, longterm prognosis and quality of life in patients requiring renal replacement therapy during intensive care. Intensive Care Med 2000;26:1824-1831
90. Morgera S, Kraft AK, Siebert G, Luft FC, Neumayer HH. Long-term outcomes in acute renal failure patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapies. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;40:275-279
91. Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O’Connor TZ et al. Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med 2008;359:7-20
92. Bellomo R, Cass A, Cole L et al. Intensity of continuous renal-replacement therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1627-1638
93. Van Berendoncks AM, Elseviers MM, Lins RL. Outcome of acute kidney injury with different treatment options: long-term follow-up. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010;5:1755-1762
94. Ronco C, Haapio M, House AA, Anavekar N, Bellomo RJ. Cardiorenal syndrome. Am Coll Cardiol 2008;52(19):1527-1539
95. Amin AP, Salisbury AC, McCullough PA et al.Trends in the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 2012;172(3):246-253
96. Marenzi G1, Cabiati A, Bertoli SV et al. Incidence and relevance of acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol 2013;111(6):816-822
97. Bagshaw SM, Hoste EA, Braam B, Briguori C, Kellum JA, McCullough PA, Ronco C.Cardiorenal syndrome type 3: pathophysiologic and epidemiologic considerations. Contrib Nephrol 2013;182:137-157
98. Wu VC, Wu CH, Huang TM et al. Long-Term risk of coronary events after AKI. J Am Soc Nephrol; doi: 10.1681/ ASN.2013060610, 6 February 2014
99. Manns B, Doig CJ, Lee H, et al. Cost of acute renal failure requiring dialysis in the intensive care unit:clinical and resource implications of renal recovery. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 449-455
100. Dasta JF, Kane-Gill SL, Durtschi AJ, et al. Costs and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiac surgery. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23: 1970-1974
101. Fischer MJ, Brimhall BB, Lezotte DC, et al. Uncomplicated acute renal failure and hospital resource utilization: a retrospective multicenter analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 46: 1049-1057
102. Fischer MJ, Brimhall BB, Parikh CR. Uncomplicated acute renal failure and post-hospital care: a not so uncomplicated illness. Am J Nephrol 2008; 28: 523-5307
103. Бикбов БТ, Томилина НА. Состояние заместительной терапии больных с хронической почечной недостаточностью в Российской Федерации в 1998-2009 гг. Нефрология и диализ 2011; 13(3): 150-264
104. Мухоедова ТВ, Ломиворотов ВН, Колесников СВ. Предикторы исходов острой почечной недостаточности при заместительной почечной терапии после кардиохирургических вмешательств. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2005; (2): 53-58;
105. Подкорытова ОЛ, Лосс КЭ, Ткаченко НЯ и др. Структура причин и эффективность лечения острой почечной недостаточности по материалам отделения интенсивной нефрологии. Анестезиология и реаниматология 2005; (2): 50-52
106. Федичева ЕВ, Гуревич КЯ, Дац АВ, Горбачева СМ. Прогноз госпитальной летальности у больных острой почечной недостаточностью с использованием реанимационных шкал. Сибирский медицинский журнал (г. Иркутск) 2008; 77(2): 27-29
107. Бунова СС, Билевич ОА, Михайлова ЛВ и др. Острая почечная недостаточность: причины, исходы, методы заместительной почечной терапии. Омский научный вестник 2012; (114): 8-11
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Смирнов А.В., Каюков И.Г., Добронравов В.А., Румянцев А.Ш. Острое повреждение почек: концептуальные проблемы. Нефрология. 2014;18(2):8-24.
For citation:
Smirnov A.V., Kayukov I.G., Dobronravov V.A., Rumyantsev A.S. Acute kidney injury: conceptual problems. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2014;18(2):8-24. (In Russ.)
Просмотров: 977
Послать статью по эл. почте 