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Нефропротективное действие новых сахароснижающих препаратов: глифлозины

https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-4-11-22

Аннотация

Обзор посвящен рассмотрению нефропротективного действия и его механизмов у новых сахароснижающих препаратов глифлозинов, выявленных в ходе крупномасштабных рандомизированных плацебо-контролируемых испытанийи экспериментальных исследований. Выяснилось, что ингибирование натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2 (SGLT2) в проксимальных канальцах почек при использовании этих препаратов не только приводит к уменьшению уровня глюкозы в крови, снижению артериального давления, массы тела, содержанию мочевой кислоты в плазме крови, но также задерживает прогрессирование хронической болезни почек, угнетая развитие диабетической нефропатии. Этоблагоприятный эффект является многофакторным. Он обусловлен диуретическим и натрийуретическим действием, уменьшением уровня альбуминурии, ослаблением глюкотоксичности в клетках почечных канальцев, гемодинамическим воздействием на функцию почек и прямым противовоспалительным эффектом. Обсуждается, почему при применении ингибиторов SGLT2 восстанавливается тубулогломерулярная обратная связь, нарушаемая в начальный период диабетической нефропатии и ведущая к гиперфильтрации в оставшихся нефронах. Приводятся сведения о восстановлении нарушенной функции митохондрий благодаря позитивному влиянию препаратов на ионный состав клеток почечных канальцев. Это в значительной степени способствует усилению аутофагии, опосредованного лизосомами пути деградации и удаления поврежденных органелл и нормализующей внутриклеточный гомеостаз. Рассматривается вероятный механизм усиления аутофагии через повышение активности сенсоров энергетической депривации клеток AMPK и SIRT1. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы развития противовоспалительного и антиоксидантного действия ингибиторов SGLT2 через подавление активности инфламмасомы. Рассматривается вопрос о возможном применении глифлозинов при хронической болезни почек, патогенез которой не связан с сахарным диабетом.

Об авторах

Я. Ф. Зверев
Алтайский государственный медицинский университет
Россия

Проф. Зверев Яков Федорович, д-р мед. наук, кафедра фармакологии, профессор

656038, г. Барнаул, пр. Ленина, д. 40

Тел.: (3852)566891



А. Я. Рыкунова
Барнаульский юридический институт
Россия

Рыкунова Анна Яковлевна, канд. мед. наук, кафедра криминалистики, старший преподаватель

656038, г. Барнаул, ул. Чкалова, д. 49

Тел.: (3852)379163



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Рецензия

Для цитирования:


Зверев Я.Ф., Рыкунова А.Я. Нефропротективное действие новых сахароснижающих препаратов: глифлозины. Нефрология. 2021;25(4):11-22. https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-4-11-22

For citation:


Zverev Ya.F., Rykunova A.Ya. Nephroprotective effect of novel oral sugar-reducing medicines: glyflosins. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2021;25(4):11-22. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2021-25-4-11-22

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