Таргетная доставка протективных субстанций с помощью наноразмерных носителей при ишемическом–реперфузионном повреждении почек

Острое ишемическое–реперфузионное повреждение (ИРП) является основной причиной острого повреждения почек. В экспериментальных исследованиях показано, что выраженность ИРП почечной ткани может быть уменьшена с помощью ряда фармакологических воздействий. При этом успешные попытки переноса этих данных в клиническую практику отсутствуют, в том числе из-за неоптимальных фармакокинетических параметров используемых препаратов, их низкой биодоступности или возникновения побочных эффектов при системном введении. Для решения этих проблем в последние годы ведется разработка систем направленной доставки препаратов при ИРП почки с помощью наноразмерных носителей. Связывание с наночастицами позволяет добиться преимущественного накопления действующего вещества в почках с последующим контролируемым высвобождением. Для активной направленной доставки препаратов в почку при ИРП начинают использоваться платформы, содержащие специфические направляющие лиганды, а также группировки, чувствительные к локальным условиям среды. Наибольшее количество исследований, связанных с разработкой систем направленной доставки препаратов в ткань почки, касается антиоксидантов и противовоспалительных агентов. Перспективы совершенствования систем направленной доставки связаны с активным таргетированием поврежденной ткани почки, в том числе путем использования биоподобных покрытий лекарственных наночастиц на основе мембран клеток крови.

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