ASSESSMENT OF CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF LOW-PROTEIN SOY DIET AND LEVEL OF NONORGANIC ANIONS OF BLOOD SERUM IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS

THE AIM of the investigation was to assess the level of AP and the left ventricle hypertrophy index (LVHI), concentration of nitrates and sulfates in blood serum of spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats subjected to nephrectomy (NE) against the background of standard diet and low-protein soy diet (LPSD). MATERIAL AND METHODS. Experiments were fulfilled in male spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats with intact kidneys or subjected to 5/6 NE. The following investigations were carried out: 1.A control group (n=15) – sham-operated (ShO) rats receiving a standard diet (20.16% of the animal origin protein); 2. Animals (n=11) receiving the standard diet after NE; 3. ShO rats (n=10) receiving LPSD containing10% soy isolate SUPRO 760; 4. Rats (n=11) receiving LPSD after NE. In two months after NE and sham operation the following investigations were made in the animals: measurement of arterial pressure, heart rate, content of nitrates (NO₃¯, mg/l) and sulfates (SO₄²¯, mg/l) in blood serum, the degree of hypertrophy of the heart, left ventricle myocardium, liver, spleen. RESULTS. In SHR rats, receiving the standard diet, NE resulted in growing AP and LVHI as compared with controls. LPSD prevented the growth of mean AP and LVHI3 in the rats with NE. Soy diet decreased the hypertrophy index of the liver in ShO animals and NE rats as compared with the controls given the standard diet. No substantial differences in the level of NO₃¯ were found between the analyzed groups. CONCLUSION. LPSD including the soy isolate SUPRO 760 has a cardioprotecting effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats with experimental renal failure due to decreased myocardium hypertrophy and prevention of mean AP growth.

1. Смирнов АВ. Добронравов ВА, Каюков ИГ. Кардио-ренальный континуум: патологические основы превентивной нефрологии. Нефрология 2005; 9(3):7-15

2. Perera GA. Hypertensive vascular disease: description and natural history. J Chron Dis 1955; 1: 33-42

3. U.S. Renal Data System. USDRS 2001. Annual Data Report, Bethesda, M.D., National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. 2001

4. Смирнов АВ, Добронравов ВА, Румянцев АШ и др. Факторы риска ИБС у больных, получающих лечение гемодиализом. Нефрология 2003; 7(приложение 1): 7-13

5. Anavekar NS, Me Murray JV, Velazguez EJ et al. Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2004; 351:13

6. Anavekar NS, Preffer MA. Cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2004; 66 [Suppl 92]: S11-S15

7. Жлоба АА. Спектрофотометрические методы измерения в клинической энзимологии. Изд-во СПбГМУ, СПб, 2005; 29-32

8. Кучер АГ. Проблемы лечебного питания у больных с ХПН. Нефрология 1997; 1: 39-45

9. Passey C, Bunker V, Jackson A, Lee H. Energy balance in predialysis patients on a low-protein diet. J Ren Nutr 2003; 13(2): 120-125

10. Fournier DB, Erdman JW, Gordon GB. Soy, its components and cancer prevention: a review of the in vitro, animal and human data. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers Prevention (Baltimore) 1998; 7(11): 1055-1065

11. Garcia M, Torre M, Marina ML et al. Composition and characterization of soyabean and related products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1997; 37(4): 361-391

12. Хенли ЕС, Кустер ДМ. Оценка качества белка с помощью скорректированного аминокислотного коэффициента усвояемости белка. Соевые белки СУПРО в клинической медицине. М.: Протеин Технолоджис Инт 1999: 5-13

13. Tonstad S, Smerud K, Hoie L. A comparison of the effects of 2 doses of soy protein or casein on serum lipids, serum lipoproteins, and plasma total homocysteine in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76(1):78-84

14. Fair DE, Ogborn MR, Weiler HA et al. Dietary soy protein attenuates renal disease progression after 1 and 3 weeks in: SPRD-cy weanling rats. J Nutr 2004; 134(6): 1504-1507

15. Messina M, Gardner C, Barnes S. Gaining insight into the health effects of soy but a long way still to go; commentary on the fourth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease. G Nutr 2002; 132( 2): 547S-551S

16. Pedraza-Chaverri J, Barrera D, Hernandez-Pando R et al. Soy protein diet ameliorates renal nitrotyrosine formation and chronic nephropathy induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. Life Sci 2004; 74(8): 987-999

17. Wu J, Ding X. Hypotensive and physiological effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from soy protein on spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49(1): 501-506

18. Ni W, Tsuda Y, Takashima S et al. Antiatherogenic effect of soya and rice-protein isolate, compared with casein, in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Br J Nutr 2003; 90(1):13-20

19. Sirtori CR, Gianazza E, Manzoni C et al. Role of isoflavones in the cholesterol reduction by soy proteins in the clinic. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65(1):166-167

20. Комарова НВ, Каменцев ЯС. Практическое руководство по использованию систем капиллярного электрофореза «Капель». ООО «Веда», СПб, 2006

21. Okoshi K, Ribeiro HB, Okoshi MP et al. Improved systolic ventricular function with normal myocardial mechanics in compensated cardiac hypertrophy. Jpn Heart J 2004; 45(4): 647-656

22. Шутов АМ, Куликова ЕС, Кондратьева НИ. Гипертрофия левого желудочка у больных в додиализном периоде хронической почечной недостаточности, не связанной с сахарным диабетом. Нефрология 2001; 5(5): 49-53

23. Bennett SJ, Welch JL, Eckert GJ et al. Nutrition in chronic heart failure with coexisting chronic kidney disease. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2006; 21: 56-62

24. Nuhbegrovic S, Halibasic A, Karamehic J. Morphologic changes in the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle in patients on hemodialysis. Med Arh 2000; 54(2): 69-70

25. London GM. Pathophysiology of cardiovascular damage in the early renal population. Nephrol Dial Transpl 2001; 16 [Suppl 2]: 3-6

26. MacGowan GC, Wieczorek DF. Compensatory changes in Ca and myocardial O2 consumption in beta-tropomyosin transgenic hearts. Am J Physiol Heart Circulatory 2001; 281(6): H2539-2548

27. Барабанова ВВ, Береснева ОН. Является ли паратиреоидный гормон основным повреждающим фактором сосудов печени при экспериментальной почечной недостаточности. Нефрология 1998; 2(1): 99-104

28. Qing DP, Ding H, Vadgama J et al. Elevated myocardial cytosolic calcium impairs insulin-like growth factor-1-stimulated protein synthesis in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10(1): 84-92

29. Amman K, Torning J, Flechtenmacher C et al. Blood-pressure-independent wall thickening of intramyocardial arterioles in experimental uremia: evidence for a permissive action of PTH. Nephrol Dial Transpl 1995; 10: 2043-2048

30. Ильичева ОЕ. Факторы риска развития хронической сердечной недостаточности у пациентов с различными стадиями хронической болезни почек. Нефрология 2007; 11(1): 71-78

31. Channon KM, Qian H, George SE. Nitric oxide synthase in atherosclerosis and vascular injury. Arteroscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2000; 20(8): 1873-1881

32. Wu J, Ding X. Hypotensive and physiological effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides derived from soy protein on spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Agric Food Chem 2001; 49(1): 501-506

33. Sarnak MJ. Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2003; 41 [Suppl 5]: 11-17

34. Combe C, Aparicio M. Phosphorus and protein restriction and parathyroid function in chronic renal failure. Kidney Int 1994; 46: 1381-1386

35. Ranich T, Bhathena SJ, Velasquez MT. Protective effects of dietary phytoestrogens in chronic renal disease. J Ren Nutr 2001; 11(4): 183-193