The review presents modern data about pathogenesis, morphological characteristics, clinical picture and treatment of minimal change disease in adults.

The review provides information on morphology and function of kidneys in children in obesity. Participation and interrelationship of numerous pathogens, affecting kidney function are discussed. Originality of diabetic nephropathy in children in contrast with adults is mentioned.

The review of literature summarizes information about kidney pathology in children with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Issues of progress of tubulointerstitial nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury, AA-amyloidosis in children with tuberculosis infection are discussed. Modern concepts on the antitubercular drugs nephrotoxicity are presented.

At the modern period of medicine using the renal replacement therapy let reach full medical and social rehabilitation of patients with end-stage renal disease. The hemodialysis is the main method of extracorporal detoxication. The successful hemodialysis therapy depends on choosing the vascular access and maintaining it good condition while all patients life. In spite of various modification of blood accesses the native arteriovenous fistula is the most preferable type of vascular access for hemodialysis. The arteriovenous grafts are at the second line. Some different cases demand individual approach to choice the vascular access. Careful using, timely monitoring and revision keep saving the access for a long time and reducing a risk of complication. It can improve the quality of life patients with ESRD.

ABSTRACT AIM OF RESEARCH: To study interrelation between acyl-ghrelin concentration in blood serum and general signs of malnutrition in patients receiving program hemodialysis. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 102 patients with V stage chronic kidney disease receiving program hemodialysis were examined, among them 52 male and 50 female, average age 49,0 ± 7,7. All patients was performed fiberoptic gastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) with biopsy of antral department and gastric corpus. Material was used for detection of Helicobacter pylori – contamination, study of cytological and histological pattern of gastric mucosa. Patients state and compositional analysis of patients body were evaluated by method of complex nutritional evaluation, caliperometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis. Acyl-ghrelin level detection in blood serum was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using commercial kits (Spi-bio, Montigny le Bretonneux, France). RESULTS. During undertaken study authentic decrease of blood serum acyl ghrelin level was demonstrated at augmentation of intensity of different gastric departments mucous coat atrophic changes. Also demonstrated decrease of blood serum acyl ghrelin concentration if gastric mucosa is bacterized by Нelicobacter pylori. Authentic positive correlation between blood serum acyl ghrelin level and general signs of nutritional status of patients is revealed. CONCLUSION. Blood serum acyl ghrelin level decrease can be one of pathogenetic factors taking part in development of malnutrition in patients on program hemodialysis.

ABSTRACT THE PURPOSE: based on our data and literature evaluation to identify the main mechanisms of bone turnover and quantify the participation of each of them in the redistribution of minerals between the bone and the circulating fluids. RESULTS. Based on our model, the calculated amount of calcium in the osteoclast that exists in a constant state of remodeling exchange is ≈ 24,6 g which equals 4.5% of its weight in the skeleton. The amount present in the exchanges between the surfaces of the skeleton and circulating liquids is ≈ 6 g or 1.1%, respectively, and in the remodeling process of the osteocyte – ≈ 57,9 g or 16.5%, respectively. DISCUSSION: This huge mass of mineral matrix in a state of constant exchange, which provides “instant” correction of mineral ions (calcium, phosphate) in the blood, thus preserving the concentration levels withinr homeostatic limits, is controlled by syncytium bone cells. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry can be used as a method to assess the activity of the exchange. In the clinical setting of renal pathology, such control will assess the effectiveness and adequacy of the treatment, as the bone cells are an extremely sensitive indicator.

AIM – to evaluate mucous adaptation characteristics at ileocystoplasty, gastrocystoplasty and sigmoplasty. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 265 patients were examined (207 male and 61 female). Repeat biopsy were performed within 1 month to 12 years. Comparison of methods of neobladder creation from gaster, intestine, colon was performed with morphofunctional and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS. Similarity of adaptive process at all three methods was revealed. It manifested as maintenance of segment organ structure, cellular reproduction, lymphoid apparatus. Domination of lymphocytic series, muscle layer work hypertrophy was noticed. High expression level of Ki67, p53, Bcl2 was revealed. CONCLUSION. Obtained results provide to talk about sufficient functionality of reservoir created from different parts of gastrointestinal tract.

Article is dedicated to medical aspects of life and work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860–1904). A.P. Chekhov was not only classic of World literature but also a medical doctor. In his writings he gave scientifically acquitted reflection of mental and material sufferings of person, with exclusive realism he drew inner world of seriously ill patient being guided by knowledge and experience received in process of medical practice.

Alexander Vasiliev (on his 60th birthday).

Systematized numeral index of articles published in Vol.17 of Journal «Nephrology» in 2013.

Index of names.